J/ApJ/836/34 24um excesses in clusters & membership of NGC2244 (Meng+, 2017)
The first 40 million years of circumstellar disk evolution: the signature of
terrestrial planet formation.
Meng H.Y.A., Rieke G.H., Su K.Y.L., Gaspar A.
<Astrophys. J., 836, 34-34 (2017)>
=2017ApJ...836...34M 2017ApJ...836...34M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; Clusters, open ; Associations, stellar ;
Extinction ; Cross identifications
Keywords: circumstellar matter; infrared: planetary systems;
methods: observational
Abstract:
We characterize the first 40 Myr of evolution of circumstellar disks
through a unified study of the infrared properties of members of young
clusters and associations with ages from 2Myr up to ∼40Myr: NGC1333,
NGC1960, NGC2232, NGC2244, NGC2362, NGC2547, IC348, IC2395, IC4665,
ChamaeleonI, OrionOB1a and OB1b, Taurus, the β Pictoris Moving
Group, ρ Ophiuchi, and the associations of Argus, Carina, Columba,
Scorpius-Centaurus, and Tucana-Horologium. Our work features: (1) a
filtering technique to flag noisy backgrounds; (2) a method based on
the probability distribution of deflections, P(D), to obtain
statistically valid photometry for faint sources; and (3) use of the
evolutionary trend of transitional disks to constrain the overall
behavior of bright disks. We find that the fraction of disks three or
more times brighter than the stellar photospheres at 24µm decays
relatively slowly initially and then much more rapidly by ∼10Myr.
However, there is a continuing component until ∼35Myr, probably due
primarily to massive clouds of debris generated in giant impacts
during the oligarchic/chaotic growth phases of terrestrial planets. If
the contribution from primordial disks is excluded, the evolution of
the incidence of these oligarchic/chaotic debris disks can be
described empirically by a log-normal function with the peak at
12-20Myr, including ∼13% of the original population, and with a
post-peak mean duration of 10-20Myr.
Description:
We re-measured the Spitzer/MIPS 24um photometry for all the clusters
except for a few noted in Appendix A. We obtained the 24um data from
the Spitzer Heritage Archive between 2004 Jan 28 and 2008 Oct 23.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
clusters.dat 9 23 List of stellar clusters and associations;
table added by CDS
table2.dat 98 3478 Summary of 24 micron photometry
table4.dat 64 718 Final membership list of NGC 2244
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See also:
II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)
J/A+A/357/471 : BV and proper motions in NGC 1960 & NGC 2194 (Sanner+, 2000)
J/ApJ/575/354 : Young stellar objects in the NGC 1333 (Getman+, 2002)
J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)
J/A+A/409/541 : UBV photometry of IC 2395 (Claria+, 2003)
J/AJ/129/907 : New Ori OB1 members (Briceno+, 2005)
J/AJ/130/1805 : Hα emission stars in NGC 2362 (Dahm+, 2005)
J/A+A/446/949 : Open clusters proper motions based on UCAC2 (Dias+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)
J/A+A/453/101 : UBV(RI)c photometry of 4 open clusters (Lyra+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/1669 : Wide-field CCD phot. around 9 open clusters (Sharma+, 2006)
J/A+A/460/695 : Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)
J/ApJ/660/1532 : Spitzer/IRAC-MIPS survey of NGC 2244 (Balog+, 2007)
J/ApJ/661/1119 : Spectroscopy in the 25 Ori group (Briceno+, 2007)
J/AJ/134/1368 : Proper motions in NGC 2244 and NGC 6530 (Chen+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2072 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Dahm+, 2007)
J/PASP/119/994 : MIPS 24um calibrators (Engelbracht+, 2007)
J/ApJ/670/516 : NGC 2547 4.5-8um photometry (Gorlova+, 2007)
J/ApJ/671/1784 : Ori OB1 IRAC/MIPS observations (Hernandez+, 2007)
J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)
J/AJ/134/411 : Properties of IC 348 members (Muench+, 2007)
J/ApJ/688/597 : Debris disks in NGC 2232 (Currie+, 2008)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/1588 : VIc photometry of NGC 2547 low-mass stars (Irwin+, 2008)
J/ApJS/179/451 : IR excesses of protoplanetary disks (Kenyon+, 2008)
J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)
J/A+A/479/141 : Iz photometry, RV and EW(Li) in IC 4665 (Manzi+, 2008)
J/ApJ/675/464 : Chandra observations of NGC 2244 (Wang+, 2008)
J/ApJ/705/1646 : Debris disks in Upper Sco (Carpenter+, 2009)
J/ApJ/698/1 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Currie+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/AJ/140/119 : βPic and AB Dor moving groups members (Schlieder+, 2010)
J/AJ/140/266 : NGC 1333 X-ray luminous YSOs properties (Winston+, 2010)
J/ApJ/738/122 : ScoCen debris disks Around F- and G-type stars (Chen+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/140 : Opt. spectroscopy of ρ Oph stars. II. (Erickson+, 2011)
J/ApJ/737/73 : Infrared extinction toward the Galactic Centre (Fritz+, 2011)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/420/2884 : NGC 1960 IRAC and MIPS photometry (Smith+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/25 : Spitzer & Herschel obs. of debris disks (Gaspar+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/434/2438 : NGC 1960 (RI)c photometric catalogue (Jeffries+, 2013)
J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members (Malo+, 2013)
J/A+A/566/A132 : Teff and L for stars in 7 open clusters (Silaj+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/ApJ/832/87 : Members of the young open cluster IC 2395 (Balog+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: clusters.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Cluster or Association name
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Cluster or Association name
11- 13 I3 --- Seq [1/369] Running sequence number within Name
15- 19 A5 --- --- [2MASS]
21- 37 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
39- 48 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascencion in decimal degrees (J2000)
50- 59 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
61- 70 F10.3 mJy F24 [-614/169259] Spitzer/MIPS 24um band flux density
72- 85 F14.9 mJy e_F24 [0/6236] Uncertainty in F24
87- 88 A2 --- Treat Treatment (1)
90- 98 F9.3 --- eps [-87/18030]? Nominal excess-to-photospheric
flux ratio (ε)
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Note (1): Treatment as follows:
D = individually detected at 22-24um (663 occurrences);
ND = not individually detected (923 occurrences);
R = rejected by filter (740 occurrences);
MR = manually rejected (see text; 76 occurrences);
MA = manually added (see text; 19 occurrences);
N = filter not used and all members are detected at 22-24um
(1057 occurrences).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/369]? Running index number
within NGC 2244 (1)
5- 8 A4 --- [WTF2008] Chandra identifier (2)
10- 13 A4 --- [BMR2007] Spitzer/IRAC identifier (3)
15- 23 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
25- 32 F8.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
34- 37 F4.2 mag AKs [0/1.6]? Total 2MASSS Ks band extinction
39- 64 A26 --- Cross Crosslink (4)
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Note (1): For member stars with Spitzer detections.
Members with X-ray detections only are listed at the bottom
without this running ID.
Note (2): Star sequence in Wang et al. (2008, J/ApJ/675/464);
<[WTF2008] Main NNN> or <[WTF2008] Secondary NNN> in Simbad
Note (3): Star sequence in Balog et al. (2007, J/ApJ/660/1532);
<[BMR2007] DD.dddd+D.dddd> for Simbad.
Note (4): Star sequence in:
M = Marschall et al. (1982AJ.....87.1497M 1982AJ.....87.1497M; <Cl* NGC 2244 MVC NNN> for Simbad);
D = Dias et al. (2006, J/A+A/446/949; <Cl* AAAAAA NNNN DAF NNNN> in Simbad);
C = Chen et al. (2007, J/AJ/134/1368; <Cl* NGC 2244 CDZ NNN> in Simbad);
OI = Ogura & Ishida (1981PASJ...33..149O 1981PASJ...33..149O; in Simbad);
PS = Park & Sung (2002AJ....123..892P 2002AJ....123..892P; <Cl* NGC 2244 PS NNN> in Simbad).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 08-Sep-2017