J/ApJ/837/139 SUPER GOODS. I. Ultradeep SCUBA-2 survey (Cowie+, 2017)
A SUbmillimeter PERspective on the GOODS fields (SUPER GOODS).
I. An ultradeep SCUBA-2 survey of the GOODS-N.
Cowie L.L., Barger A.J., Hsu L.-Y., Chen C.-C., Owen F.N., Wang W.-H.
<Astrophys. J., 837, 139-139 (2017)>
=2017ApJ...837..139C 2017ApJ...837..139C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Millimetric/submm sources ; Interferometry ; Radio continuum ;
Photometry, infrared ; Redshifts ; Spectroscopy ; Surveys
Keywords: galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: star formation
Abstract:
In this first paper in the SUPER GOODS series on powerfully
star-forming galaxies in the two GOODS fields, we present a deep
SCUBA-2 survey of the GOODS-N at both 850 and 450µm (central rms
noise of 0.28mJy and 2.6mJy, respectively). In the central region, the
850µm observations cover the GOODS-N to near the confusion limit of
∼1.65mJy, while over a wider 450arcmin2 region-well complemented by
Herschel far-infrared imaging-they have a median 4σ limit of
3.5mJy. We present ≥4σ catalogs of 186 850µm and 31 450µm
selected sources. We use interferometric observations from the
Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
(VLA) to obtain precise positions for 114 SCUBA-2 sources (28 from the
SMA, all of which are also VLA sources). We present new spectroscopic
redshifts and include all existing spectroscopic or photometric
redshifts. We also compare redshifts estimated using the 20cm/850µm
and the 250cm/850µm flux ratios. We show that the redshift
distribution increases with increasing flux, and we parameterize the
dependence. We compute the star formation history and the star
formation rate (SFR) density distribution functions in various
redshift intervals, finding that they reach a peak at z=2-3 before
dropping to higher redshifts. We show that the number density per unit
volume of SFR≳500M☉/yr galaxies measured from the SCUBA-2
sample does not change much relative to that of lower SFR galaxies
from UV selected samples over z=2-5, suggesting that, apart from
changes in the normalization, the shape in the number density as a
function of SFR is invariant over this redshift interval.
Description:
We obtained the data from early 2012 through to mid-2016 using the
SCUBA-2 camera. We centered all of the observations on the aimpoint of
the Chandra X-ray observations at RAJ2000=12:36:49.6, DEJ2000=62:13:53.0
(CDF-N). While SCUBA-2 obtains simultaneous 450 and 850um
observations, the predominantly band 2 weather implies that the 450um
observations are not extremely deep, and we focus primarily on the
850um data.
We need interferometric follow-up observations to identify the true
optical, NIR, and MIR counterparts to the SCUBA-2 sources. We observed
nearly all of the brighter SCUBA-2 sources with the Submillimeter
Array (SMA). Including archival data from other SMA programs, we have
identifications for 33 submillimeter sources with the SMA.
We also use the extremely deep VLA 20cm image of the CDF-N reduced by
Owen F.N. (2017, ApJ submitted).
Of the 102 SCUBA-2 sources with accurate positions (i.e., with SMA
measurements and/or single VLA counterparts) and 850um fluxes above
2mJy, 57 lie in the most uniformly covered portion of the HST GOODS-N.
The CFHT WIRCAM Ks image from Wang+ (2010, J/ApJS/187/251) covers the
full SCUBA-2 field, so we also use corrected 3" diameter aperture
magnitudes from this image. We give the Ks magnitudes for 102 sources
in Table 5.
In our efforts to obtain redshifts for the SCUBA-2 sources with
accurate positions, we draw on a new compilation of known
spectroscopic redshifts in the region. This compilation includes our
own reductions of the HST grism data of the GOODS-N (PI: B. Weiner;
Momcheva+ 2016, J/ApJS/225/27). We also use CO spectroscopic redshifts
from the literature. Additionally, we made observations with MOSFIRE
on Keck I of 39 of the SCUBA-2 sources in J, H and K bands (see
Cowie+, 2016ApJ...817...57C 2016ApJ...817...57C).
See section 2 for further explanations.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 72 33 SMA 4σ sources
table4.dat 76 20 *Chapman et al. (2005, J/ApJ/622/772) sample
table5.dat 122 186 SCUBA-2 850um sample (4σ)
table6.dat 111 31 SCUBA-2 450um sample (4σ)
table7.dat 85 62 Comparison with previous wide-field
millimeter/submillimeter surveys
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table4.dat: Sources are <[CBS2005] SMM JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
J/ApJ/538/29 : HDF-N Caltech faint galaxy redshift survey. X. (Cohen+, 2000)
J/ApJ/533/611 : 1.4GHz survey in HDF region (Richards+, 2000)
J/AJ/126/539 : The Chandra Deep Fields North and South (Alexander+, 2003)
J/MNRAS/344/887 : Sub-mm observations of the HDF (Serjeant+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/3137 : Hawaii redshifts in the ACS-GOODS region (Cowie+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/3121 : TKRS catalog of GOODS-North Field (Wirth+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/358/149 : HDFN SCUBA Super-map. III (Pope+, 2005)
J/ApJ/653/1004 : Galaxies at 1.4≲z≲3.0 in GOODS-North Field (Reddy+, 2006)
J/ApJ/666/806 : SED of Spitzer quasars (QUEST) (Netzer+, 2007)
J/ApJ/689/687 : GOODS-N spectroscopic survey (Barger+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/384/1611 : Submm observations in gravitational lenses (Knudsen+, 2008)
J/ApJS/179/1 : The OPTX project: CLANS, CLASXS and CDF-N (Trouille+, 2008)
J/ApJS/188/178 : VLA 1.4GHz obs. of GOODS-North field (Morrison+, 2010)
J/ApJS/187/251 : Ultradeep Ks imaging in the GOODS-N (Wang+, 2010)
J/ApJS/193/14 : DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: GOODS-N field (Cooper+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/A+A/532/A90 : PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP-DR1) catalogs (Lutz+, 2011)
J/ApJ/742/3 : Photometric catalogs for ECDF-S and CDF-N (Rafferty+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/415/1479 : LESS photometric redshift survey (Wardlow+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/436/1919 : SCUBA observations of COSMOS galaxies (Casey+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/91 : ALMA observations of LESS submm galaxies (Hodge+, 2013)
J/ApJ/784/9 : SCUBA-2 high-redshift galaxies sample (Barger+, 2014)
J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)
J/A+A/583/A120 : AGN torus models. SED library (Siebenmorgen+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/153 : Team Keck Redshift Survey 2 (TKRS2) (Wirth+, 2015)
J/ApJ/820/82 : S2CLS: multiwavelength counterparts to SMGs (Chen+, 2016)
J/ApJS/222/1 : Faint ALMA 1.2mm sources down to ∼0.02mJy (Fujimoto+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master catalog (Momcheva+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/458/4321 : SCUBA-2 galaxies in 850um survey (Koprowski+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/33] Running sequence number
4- 18 A15 --- Name Source identifier based on SMA coordinates
20- 21 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
26- 31 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
46- 49 F4.1 mJy Flux [3/24] 860um SMA flux
51- 53 F3.1 mJy e_Flux [0.5/3] Flux uncertainty
55- 58 F4.1 --- S/N [3.5/17] Signal to noise ratio
60- 62 I3 uJy F20 [12/297] VLA 20cm flux
64- 68 F5.3 --- z [1.7/5.2]? Spectroscopic redshift if available
70- 72 I3 --- SCUBA-2 [1/119] Nearest SCUBA-2 850um source number
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right ascension from Chapman+ (J2000)
11- 19 F9.6 deg DEdeg Declination from Chapman+ (J2000)
21- 25 F5.1 uJy F20cm [21/230] 20cm flux
from Richards+ 2000, J/ApJ/533/611
27- 31 F5.2 mJy Flux [4.2/12] SCUBA flux
33- 36 F4.2 mJy e_Flux [0.8/4] Flux uncertainty
38- 41 F4.2 --- S/N [2.8/6.7] SCUBA signal to noise ratio
43- 48 F6.4 --- z [0.2/3] Redshift
50- 52 I3 uJy F20 [13/188]? Current 20cm flux
54- 58 F5.2 mJy Flux2 [-0.6/7.1]? SCUBA-2 flux
60- 63 F4.2 mJy e_Flux2 [0.2/1.4]? Flux2 uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 --- S/N2 [-1.7/13]? SCUBA-2 signal to noise ratio
71- 76 F6.4 --- zsp [0.3/3]? Current redshift (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): A small number of the previous redshifts were incorrect and were
updated in subsequent work. See section 2.7.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/186] Internal index number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Source identifier
21- 22 I2 h RAh [12] SCUBA-2 Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm [35/38] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 32 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
34 A1 --- DE- [+] SCUBA-2 Sign of Declination (J2000)
35- 36 I2 deg DEd [62] SCUBA-2 Degree of Declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 arcmin DEm [2/23] Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
41- 45 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
47- 50 F4.1 mJy F850 [1.4/19.6] SCUBA-2 850um flux density
52- 55 F4.2 mJy e_F850 [0.2/2] Uncertainty in F850
57- 60 F4.1 --- S/N [4/34] Signal-to-Noise
62- 63 I2 h RASh [12]? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
65- 66 I2 min RASm [35/38]? Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
68- 73 F6.3 s RASs ? Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
75 A1 --- DES- [+]? Sign of Declination (J2000) (G1)
76- 77 I2 deg DESd [62]? Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)
79- 80 I2 arcmin DESm [2/22]? Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (G1)
82- 86 F5.2 arcsec DESs ? Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (G1)
88- 91 F4.1 mJy F860 [3/24]? Submillimeter Array 860um flux density
93 A1 --- l_F20 Limit flag on F20
94- 96 I3 uJy F20 [12/625]? VLA 20 cm flux density
98-101 F4.1 mag Ksmag [19/25.6]? CFHT/WIRCAM Ks band AB magnitude
103-108 F6.4 --- z [0.8/5.2]? Spectroscopic redshift
110-114 A5 --- r_z Flag on z (1)
116-122 F7.5 --- z250 [0.008/5.6] Redshift estimates from 250um flux
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): z source as follows:
a1 = Our DEIMOS redshift;
a2 = Our LRIS redshift;
a3 = Our MOSFIRE redshift;
b = Wirth et al. 2004, J/AJ/127/3121
c = Chapman et al. 2005, J/ApJ/622/772
d = Swinbank et al. 2004ApJ...617...64S 2004ApJ...617...64S
e = Pope et al. 2008ApJ...675.1171P 2008ApJ...675.1171P
f1 = Daddi et al. 2009ApJ...694.1517D 2009ApJ...694.1517D
f2 = Daddi et al. 2009ApJ...695L.176D 2009ApJ...695L.176D
g = Bothwell et al. 2013, J/MNRAS/429/3047
h = Walter et al. 2012Natur.486..233W 2012Natur.486..233W
k = Cohen et al. 2000, J/ApJ/538/29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/31] Internal index number
4- 18 A15 --- Name Source identifier
20- 21 I2 h RAh [12] SCUBA-2 Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm [35/37] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 31 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- [+] SCUBA-2 Sign of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd [62] SCUBA-2 Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm [7/19] Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
46- 47 I2 mJy F450 [11/42] SCUBA-2 450 micron flux density
49- 51 F3.1 mJy e_F450 [2/10] Uncertainty in F450
53- 56 F4.1 --- S/N [4/10] Signal-to-Noise
58- 59 I2 h RASh [12]? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
61- 62 I2 min RASm [35/37]? Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
64- 69 F6.3 s RASs ? Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
71 A1 --- DES- [+]? Sign of Declination (J2000) (G1)
72- 73 I2 deg DESd [62]? Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)
75- 76 I2 arcmin DESm [7/17]? Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (G1)
78- 82 F5.2 arcsec DESs ? Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (G1)
84- 88 F5.2 mJy F860 [3/15]? Submillimeter Array 860um flux density
90 A1 --- l_F20 Limit flag on F20
91- 93 I3 uJy F20 [12/297] VLA 20cm flux density
95- 98 F4.1 mag Ksmag [19/25.5]? CFHT Ks band AB magnitude
100-105 F6.4 --- z [0.8/5.2]? Spectroscopic redshift
107-111 F5.2 mJy F850 [0.2/13] SCUBA-2 850um flux density
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [2/166] Internal index number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Source identifier
21- 25 F5.2 mJy F850 [1.8/17.3] Present 850um flux
27- 30 F4.2 mJy e_F850 [0.2/1] F850 uncertainty
32- 36 F5.2 mJy FS2CLS [3.4/13]? 850um flux from SCUBA2 Cosmology
Legacy Survey (S2CLS;
Geach+, 2017MNRAS.465.1789G 2017MNRAS.465.1789G)
38- 41 F4.2 mJy e_FS2CLS [0.8/1.7]? FS2CLS uncertainty
43- 47 F5.2 mJy FWang [3.7/13.6]? SCUBA 850um flux
from Wang+ 2004ApJ...613..655W 2004ApJ...613..655W ;
<[WCB2004] GOODS 850-NNa> in Simbad
49- 52 F4.2 mJy e_FWang [0.4/2.2]? FWang uncertainty
54- 58 F5.2 mJy FPope [3/20.3]? SCUBA 850um flux
from Pope+, 2005, J/MNRAS/358/149 ;
<[PBS2005] SMM JHHMMSS+DDMMSS> in Simbad
60- 63 F4.2 mJy e_FPope [0.3/4]? FPope uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 mJy F1.16mm [2.4/10.2]? AzTEC+MAMBO 1.16mm flux
from Penner+ 2011MNRAS.410.2749P 2011MNRAS.410.2749P ;
<[PPC2011] NN> for Simbad
71- 74 F4.2 mJy e_F1.16mm [0.5/1]? F1.16mm uncertainty
76- 80 F5.3 mJy F2mm [0.4/0.8]? GISMO 2mm flux
from Staguhn+ 2014ApJ...790...77S 2014ApJ...790...77S ;
<[SKA2014] GDF-2000.NN> in Simbad
82- 85 F4.2 mJy e_F2mm [0.1/0.2]? F2mm uncertainty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): The accurate position from the SMA image.
SMA identifications are the most robust and can be identified
by the SMA flux. See section 2.8 for further explanations on
those catalogs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Barger et al. Paper II. 2017ApJ...835...95B 2017ApJ...835...95B
Cowie et al. Paper III. 2018ApJ...865..106C 2018ApJ...865..106C Cat. J/ApJ/865/106
Barger et al. Paper IV. 2019ApJ...887...23B 2019ApJ...887...23B Cat. J/ApJ/887/23
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 24-Oct-2017