J/ApJ/853/172 "Super-deblended" dust emission in galaxies. I. (Liu+, 2018)
"Super-deblended" dust emission in galaxies.
I. The GOODS-North catalog and the cosmic star formation rate density out to
redshift 6.
Liu D., Daddi E., Dickinson M., Owen F., Pannella M., Sargent M.,
Bethermin M., Magdis G., Gao Yu, Shu X., Wang T., Jin S., Inami H.
<Astrophys. J., 853, 172 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...853..172L 2018ApJ...853..172L
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, photometry; Photometry, infrared; Energy distributions;
Photometry, millimetric/submm; Surveys; Redshifts
Keywords: galaxies: ISM ; galaxies: photometry ; galaxies: star formation ;
infrared: galaxies ; techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present a new technique to measure multi-wavelength "super-deblended"
photometry from highly confused images, which we apply to Herschel and
ground-based far-infrared (FIR) and (sub-)millimeter (mm) data in the
northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS-N).
There are two key novelties. First, starting with a large database of
deep Spitzer 24µm and VLA 20cm detections that are used to define
prior positions for fitting the FIR/submm data, we perform an active
selection of useful priors independently at each frequency band,
moving from less to more confused bands. Exploiting knowledge of
redshift and all available photometry, we identify hopelessly faint
priors that we remove from the fitting pool. This approach
significantly reduces blending degeneracies and allows reliable
photometry to be obtained for galaxies in FIR+mm bands. Second, we
obtain well-behaved, nearly Gaussian flux density uncertainties,
individually tailored to all fitted priors for each band. This is done
by exploiting extensive simulations that allow us to calibrate the
conversion of formal fitting uncertainties to realistic uncertainties,
depending on directly measurable quantities. We achieve deeper
detection limits with high fidelity measurements and uncertainties at
FIR+mm bands. As an illustration of the utility of these measurements,
we identify 70 galaxies with z≥3 and reliable FIR+mm detections. We
present new constraints on the cosmic star formation rate density at
3<z<6, finding a significant contribution from z≥3 dusty galaxies
that are missed by optical-to-near-infrared color selection.
Photometric measurements for 3306 priors, including more than 1000
FIR+mm detections, are released publicly with our catalog.
Description:
Our imaging data sets come from several surveys. MIPS 24um data come
from the GOODS-Spitzer program (PI: M. Dickinson). We use coadded PACS
images (Magnelli+ 2013A&A...553A.132M 2013A&A...553A.132M) combining data from
PEP (PI: D. Lutz) and GOODS-Herschel (PI: D. Elbaz), and SPIRE data
from GOODS-Herschel. The SCUBA2 data are from the S2CLS program
(Geach+ 2017MNRAS.465.1789G 2017MNRAS.465.1789G), and the AzTEC+MAMBO coadded data are
from Penner+ (2011MNRAS.410.2749P 2011MNRAS.410.2749P). We used the original SCUBA2 maps
rather than the matched-filtered versions where the convolution with
PSF reduces the effective angular resolution. We used the deep radio
imaging from Owen (2018, in prep.), and the shallower radio imaging
from Morrison+ (2010, J/ApJS/188/178).
See also Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 799 3306 GOODS-N "super-deblended" photometry catalog
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See also:
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
J/ApJ/471/L5 : Redshift clustering in the Hubble Deep Field (Cohen+ 1996)
J/ApJ/481/673 : HDF flanking fields and related data (Lowenthal+, 1997)
J/ApJ/519/1 : Lyman-break galaxies at z ≳ 4 (Steidel+, 1999)
J/ApJ/538/29 : HDF-N Caltech faint galaxy redshift survey. X. (Cohen+, 2000)
J/AJ/121/2895 : HDF-N Caltech faint gal. redshift survey. XIII. (Cohen 2001)
J/AJ/122/598 : HDF-North serendipitously galaxies (Dawson+, 2001)
J/ApJ/592/728 : Lyman break galaxies at redshift z∼3 (Steidel+, 2003)
J/ApJ/614/671 : Hot, dusty ultraluminous galaxies at z∼2 (Chapman+, 2004)
J/ApJ/600/L99 : Colours of z∼6 galaxies in GOODS (Dickinson+, 2004)
J/ApJ/613/200 : Hubble Higher z Supernova Search, HHZSS (Strolger+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/3121 : TKRS catalog of GOODS-North Field (Wirth+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)
J/ApJ/653/1004 : Galaxies at 1.4≲z≲3.0 in GOODS-North Field (Reddy+, 2006)
J/ApJ/668/853 : Spectrosc. of UltraStrong Emission Line gal. (Kakazu+, 2007)
J/ApJ/689/687 : GOODS-N spectroscopic survey (Barger+, 2008)
J/AJ/138/1261 : Spitzer/MIPS observations of the COSMOS field (Frayer+, 2009)
J/ApJ/725/394 : High-redshift Lyα emitters (Hu+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/178 : VLA 1.4GHz obs. of GOODS-North field (Morrison+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/411/505 : Sub-mm observations in Extended Chandra DFS (Chapin+, 2011)
J/ApJS/193/14 : DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: GOODS-N field (Cooper+, 2011)
J/A+A/532/A90 : PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP-DR1) catalogs (Lutz+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/PASJ/63/S379 : MOIRCS Deep Survey deep and wide catalogs (Kajisawa+, 2011)
J/A+A/528/A35 : Infrared luminosity in GOODS fields (Magnelli+, 2011)
J/ApJ/742/3 : Photometric catalogs for ECDF-S and CDF-N (Rafferty+, 2011)
J/ApJ/754/83 : UV continuum for z∼4-7 star-forming galaxies (Bouwens+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/140 : Spectroscopy of Herschel-SPIRE galaxies (Casey+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/80 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of five deep fields (Ashby+, 2013)
J/A+A/556/A55 : Multi-color photometry of star-forming gal. (Ilbert+, 2013)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/A+A/565/A128 : Dust SED in HRS nearby galaxies (Ciesla+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/218/33 : Spitzer-CANDELS catalog within 5 deep fields (Ashby+, 2015)
J/AJ/149/32 : Integrated radio continuum spectra of gal. (Marvil+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/153 : Team Keck Redshift Survey 2 (TKRS2) (Wirth+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [6/19436] GOODS-Spitzer/IRAC ID
7- 17 F11.7 deg RAdeg [188.8/189.6] GOODS-Spitzer/IRAC
Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 28 F10.7 deg DEdeg [62/62.5] GOODS-Spitzer/IRAC
Declination (J2000)
30- 35 F6.2 --- zphot [0.01/5.8]?=-99 Literature optical/NIR
photometric redshift
37- 39 I3 --- r_zphot [-99/2] Reference for zphot (1)
41- 48 F8.4 --- zspec [0.01/5.7]?=-99 Literature
spectroscopic redshift
50- 53 I4 --- r_zspec [4/1002]?=-99 Reference for zspec (2)
55- 59 F5.3 --- zIR [0.01/7] Super-deblended IR-to-radio
SED fitting redshift (3)
61- 65 F5.3 --- e_zIR [0/3.5] Error in zIR (4)
67- 76 E10.3 mJy FLUX.K [2.9e-06/26]?=-99 Literature K-band
flux density (5)
78- 87 E10.3 mJy FLUX.IRAC1 [-0.0004/10]?=-99 Spitzer/IRAC 3.4um
flux density (6)
89- 97 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.IRAC1 [2.4e-05/0.0005]?=1e+10 Error in
FLUX.IRAC1
99-108 E10.3 mJy FLUX.IRAC2 [-0.002/9.3]?=-99 Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um
flux density (6)
110-118 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.IRAC2 [4e-05/0.0005]?=1e+10 FLUX.IRAC2 error
120-129 E10.3 mJy FLUX.IRAC3 [-0.003/11]?=-99 Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um
flux density (6)
131-139 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.IRAC3 [0.0002/0.004]?=1e+10 Error in
FLUX.IRAC3
141-150 E10.3 mJy FLUX.IRAC4 [-0.005/6]?=-99 Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um flux
density (6)
152-160 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.IRAC4 [0.0002/0.004]?=1e+10 Error in
FLUX.IRAC4
162-171 E10.3 mJy FLUX.16 [1.9e-10/1.5]?=-99 Super-deblended
Spitzer/IRS PUI flux density
173-181 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.16 [0.003/0.09]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.16
183-192 E10.3 mJy FLUX.24 [-0.002/4.1]?=-99 Super-deblended
Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux density
194-202 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.24 [0.001/0.2]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.24
204-213 E10.3 mJy FLUX.100 [1.6e-05/79.3]?=-99 Super-deblended
Herschel/PACS 100um flux density
215-223 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.100 [0.2/2e+07]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.100
225-234 E10.3 mJy FLUX.160 [-0.2/107.5]?=-99 Super-deblended
Herschel/PACS 160um flux density
236-244 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.160 [0.5/4e+06]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.160
246-255 E10.3 mJy FLUX.250 [-0.7/69]?=-99 Super-deblended
Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
257-265 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.250 [0.5/13]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.250
267-276 E10.3 mJy FLUX.350 [-0.3/51]?=-99 Super-deblended
Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux density
278-286 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.350 [0.8/11]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.350
288-297 E10.3 mJy FLUX.500 [-0.5/44.1]?=-99 Super-deblended
Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux density
299-307 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.500 [1/43]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.500
309-318 E10.3 mJy FLUX.850 [-0.03/11]?=-99 Super-deblended
JCMT/SCUBA2 850um flux density
320-328 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.850 [0.7/6]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.850
330-339 E10.3 mJy FLUX.1160 [2e-10/10]?=-99 Super-deblended
JCMT/AzTEC + IRAM 30m
MAMBO 1.16mm flux density
341-349 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.1160 [0.3/3.1]?=1e+10 Error in FLUX.1160
351-360 E10.3 mJy FLUX.20cm [-0.0005/5.4] Super-deblended VLA
∼20cm flux density
362-370 E9.3 mJy e_FLUX.20cm [0.002/0.2] Error in FLUX.20cm
372-372 I1 --- r_FLUX.20cm [1/3] Origin of FLUX.20cm (7)
374-380 F7.3 --- SNR-IR [0/107] Super-deblended 100um-to-1mm
S/N; combined in quadrature
382-390 E9.3 Msun Mstar [0/9.2e+13] Literature stellar
mass (8)
392-399 F8.3 Msun/yr SFR-IR [0/1724] Super-deblended SED best-fit
dust-obscured SFR
401-409 E9.3 Msun/yr e_SFR-IR [0/25820] Error in SFR-IR
411-419 F9.3 Gyr-1 sSFR(IR) [0/19000]?=-99 Super-deblended
SED best-fit specific-SFR;=SFR/Mstar
421-421 I1 --- Area [0/1] Super-deblended "goodArea"
flag (9)
423-423 I1 --- AGN [0/1] Super-deblended SED fitting's
Type_AGN flag
425-426 I2 --- SED [-1/1] Super-deblended SED fitting's
Type_SED flag
428-428 I1 --- FIR [0/1] Super-deblended SED fitting's
Type_FIR flag
430-437 F8.3 10+10Lsun SED.AGN [0/2833] Super-deblended SED
best-fit AGN luminosity
439-446 F8.3 10+10Lsun e_SED.AGN [0/2292] Error in SED_AGN
448-455 F8.3 10+10Lsun SED.TOT [0.001/3265] Super-deblended SED
best-fit total luminosity
457-464 F8.3 10+10Lsun e_SED.TOT [0/2453] Error in SED.TOT
466-474 E9.3 mJy SED.70 [0.002/46.2] Super-deblended SED
predicted 70um flux density
476-484 E9.3 mJy e_SED.70 [0.0004/12.5] Error in SED.70
486-494 E9.3 mJy SED.100 [0.002/76] Super-deblended SED
predicted 100um flux density
496-504 E9.3 mJy e_SED.100 [0.0006/25] Error in SED.100
506-514 E9.3 mJy SED.160 [0.001/95] Super-deblended SED
predicted 160um flux density
516-524 E9.3 mJy e_SED.160 [0.0006/60] Error in SED.160
526-534 E9.3 mJy SED.250 [0.0006/72] Super-deblended SED
predicted 250um flux density
536-544 E9.3 mJy e_SED.250 [0.0002/72] Error in SED.250
546-554 E9.3 mJy SED.350 [0.0002/51] Super-deblended SED
predicted 350um flux density
556-564 E9.3 mJy e_SED.350 [0.0001/51] Error in SED.350
566-574 E9.3 mJy SED.500 [0.0001/33] Super-deblended SED
predicted 500um flux density
576-584 E9.3 mJy e_SED.500 [4.5e-05/25] Error in SED.500
586-594 E9.3 mJy SED.850 [2e-05/17] Super-deblended SED
predicted 850um flux density
596-604 E9.3 mJy e_SED.850 [8.8e-06/7] Error in SED.850
606-614 E9.3 mJy SED.1160 [4e-06/8.1] Super-deblended SED
predicted 1160um flux density
616-624 E9.3 mJy e_SED.1160 [3.2e-06/4] Error in SED.1160
626-634 E9.3 mJy SED.1200 [3e-06/7.4] Super-deblended SED
predicted 1200um flux density
636-644 E9.3 mJy e_SED.1200 [2.9e-06/3.2] Error in SED.1200
646-654 E9.3 mJy SED.1250 [2.5e-06/6.6] Super-deblended SED
predicted 1250um flux density
656-664 E9.3 mJy e_SED.1250 [2.5e-06/3] Error in SED.1250
666-675 E10.3 mJy SED.2000 [-1.5e-08/1.6] Super-deblended SED
predicted 2000um flux density
677-685 E9.3 mJy e_SED.2000 [1.4e-08/0.9] Error in SED.2000
687-696 E10.3 mJy SED.2050 [-2.2e-09/1.5] Super-deblended SED
predicted 2050um flux density
698-706 E9.3 mJy e_SED.2050 [2e-09/0.8] Error in SED.2050
708-716 E9.3 mJy SED.10cm [2e-14/0.2] Super-deblended SED
predicted 10cm flux density
718-726 E9.3 mJy e_SED.10cm [2e-14/0.1] Error in SED.10cm
728-736 E9.3 mJy SED.20cm [2e-14/0.3] Super-deblended SED
predicted 20cm flux density
738-746 E9.3 mJy e_SED.20cm [2e-14/0.2] Error in SED.20cm
748-754 F7.3 --- chi2Tot [0/171] Super-deblended SED chi-squ.
of fitted data points for whole SED
756-757 I2 --- o_chi2Tot [3/18] Number of fitted data points
in chi2Tot
759-765 F7.3 --- chi2* [0/101] Super-deblended SED chi-sq.
of fitted data points for stellar
component of SED
767 I1 --- o_chi2* [0/6] Number of fitted data points in
chi2*
769-775 F7.3 --- chi2D [0/134] Super-deblended SED chi-sq.
of fitted data points for dust
component of the D
777-778 I2 --- o_chi2D [2/10] Number of fitted data points
for chi2D
780-784 F5.1 --- U [2/101] Super-deblended SED best-fit
dust template's mean interstellar
radiation field strength (10)
786-793 F8.3 Msun/yr SFR-tot [0/1813] Sum of UV-unattenuated SFR
and super-deblended SED best-fit
dust-obscured SFR
795-799 F5.3 --- SFR-Ratio [0/1] Ratio of UV-unattenuated and
super-deblended SED best-fit
dust-obscured SFRs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference as follows:
1 = Skelton et al. (2014, J/ApJS/214/24);
2 = Pannella et al. (2015ApJ...807..141P 2015ApJ...807..141P);
-99 = no reliable redshift.
Note (2): Reference as follows:
03 = Lowenthal et al. (1997, J/ApJ/481/673);
04 = Phillips et al. (1997ApJ...489..543P 1997ApJ...489..543P)
10 = Cohen et al. (1996, J/ApJ/471/L5); Cohen et al. (2000, J/ApJ/538/29);
Cohen (2001, J/AJ/121/2895);
12 = Dawson et al. (2001, J/AJ/122/598);
21 = Wirth et al. (2004, J/AJ/127/3121) (TKRS);
23 = Cooper et al. (2011, J/ApJS/193/14);
25 = Treu et al. (2005, J/ApJ/633/174);
31 = Steidel et al. (1996AJ....112..352S 1996AJ....112..352S);
32 = Steidel et al. (1999, J/ApJ/519/1);
33 = Steidel et al. (2003, J/ApJ/592/728);
34 = Reddy et al. (2006, J/ApJ/653/1004);
41 = Chapman et al. (2004, J/ApJ/614/671);
42 = Chapman et al. (2005, J/ApJ/622/772);
Swinbank et al. (2005ApJ...617...64S 2005ApJ...617...64S);
45 = Pope et al. (2008ApJ...675.1171P 2008ApJ...675.1171P);
Murphy et al. (2009ApJ...698.1380M 2009ApJ...698.1380M) (Spitzer IRS spectroscopy);
46 = Daddi et al. (2009ApJ...694.1517D 2009ApJ...694.1517D);
Daddi et al. (2009ApJ...695..176D 2009ApJ...695..176D) (SMGs);
47 = Daddi et al. (2008ApJ...673...21D 2008ApJ...673...21D);
Daddi et al. (2010ApJ...713..686D 2010ApJ...713..686D) (BzK CO);
72 = Stern et al. (in prep.) - GOODS Keck redshifts
73 = Strolger et al. (2005ApJ...635.1370S 2005ApJ...635.1370S);
81 = Barger et al. (2008, J/ApJ/689/687); supersedes earlier
Barger & Cowie papers, including: Barger et al. (2001AJ....122.2177B 2001AJ....122.2177B);
Barger et al. (2002AJ....124.1839B 2002AJ....124.1839B);
Barger et al. (2003, J/AJ/126/632);
Cowie et al. (2004AJ....127.3137B 2004AJ....127.3137B);
82 = Kakazu et al. (2007, J/ApJ/668/853);
83 = Hu et al. (2010, J/ApJ/725/394) (almost certainly overlaps
Kakazu et al. 2007, J/ApJ/668/853)
85 = Yoshikawa et al. (2010ApJ...718..112Y 2010ApJ...718..112Y ; Subaru/MOIRCS)
87 = Stark et al. (2011ApJ...728L...2S 2011ApJ...728L...2S);
102 = Casey et al. (2012, J/ApJ/761/140);
103 = Skelton et al. (2014, J/ApJS/214/24);
104 = Kriek et al. (2015ApJS..218...15K 2015ApJS..218...15K);
105 = Wirth et al. (2015, J/AJ/150/153);
106 = Inami, Dickinson, et al., in prep. (Keck 2014)
107 = Inami, Dickinson, et al., in prep. (Keck 2015)
1001 = Tan et al. (2014A&A...569A..98T 2014A&A...569A..98T) - (submillimeter CO spectroscopy);
1002 = Riechers et al. (2011ApJ...733L..11R 2011ApJ...733L..11R) - (submillimeter CO spectroscopy,
HDF-242 SW/NE, systemic redshift of z=2.4876±0.0004)
Note (3): If a reliable spectroscopic redshift exists, then fixed to it,
otherwise SED fitted photometric redshift, see the last paragraph
of Section 3.1 in the paper.
Note (4): 0 means a reliable spectroscopic redshift exists.
Note (5): From Skelton+ (2014, J/ApJS/214/24) & Pannella+ (2015ApJ...807..141P 2015ApJ...807..141P).
Note (6): From GOODS-Spitzer.
Note (7): Origin as follows:
1 = galfit on Owen (2018, in preparation) and
Morrison et al. (2010, J/ApJS/188/178) images;
2 = Owen (2018, in prep.) catalog;
3 = Morrison et al. (2010, J/ApJS/188/178) catalog.
Note (8): From literature optical/near-infrared catalogs
(Skelton+ 2014, J/ApJS/214/24 ; Pannella+ 2015ApJ...807..141P 2015ApJ...807..141P),
converted to Chabrier (2003PASP..115..763C 2003PASP..115..763C) IMF when necessary.
Note (9): Equals 1 if the Spitzer MIPS 24um RMS image has a pixel
value <0.006 DN/sec at the source position.
Note (10): A value of 101 indicates it's a starburst template which has a
constant U, see Section 3.1 in the paper.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Jin et al. Paper II. 2018ApJ...864...56J 2018ApJ...864...56J Cat. J/ApJ/864/56
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 31-Oct-2018