J/ApJ/856/152 New star clusters in the central plane region (Ryu+, 2018)
A WISE survey of new star clusters in the central plane region of the Milky Way.
Ryu J., Lee M.G.
<Astrophys. J., 856, 152 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...856..152R 2018ApJ...856..152R
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Infrared sources; Masers; Galactic plane;
Reddening
Keywords: catalogs ; Galaxy: disk ; Galaxy: structure ; infrared: stars ;
open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
We present the discovery of new star clusters in the central plane
region (|l|<30° and |b|<6°) of the Milky Way. In order to
overcome the extinction problem and the spatial limit of previous
surveys, we use the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data to
find clusters. We also use other infrared survey data in the archive
for additional analysis. We find 923 new clusters, of which 202
clusters are embedded clusters. These clusters are concentrated toward
the Galactic plane and show a symmetric distribution with respect to
the Galactic latitude. The embedded clusters show a stronger
concentration to the Galactic plane than the nonembedded clusters. The
new clusters are found more in the first Galactic quadrant, while
previously known clusters are found more in the fourth Galactic
quadrant. The spatial distribution of the combined sample of known
clusters and new clusters is approximately symmetric with respect to
the Galactic longitude. We estimate reddenings, distances, and
relative ages of the 15 class A clusters using theoretical isochrones.
Ten of them are relatively old (age >800Myr) and five are young (age
∼4Myr).
Description:
Our main survey data are based on WISE. The WISE survey covers the
entire sky with four filters: 3.3um (W1), 4.6um (W2), 12um (W3), and
22um (W4). We select a region with |l|<30° and |b|<6° centered
on the Galactic center for our WISE cluster survey. We obtain a
section image with a 90'x90' field of view from the WISE survey and
retrieve 334 such section images for each filter. The FWHM of point
sources is as large as 6.1" in the W1 band. Therefore, other NIR
survey data to support the WISE data are needed.
Thus, we also use two NIR surveys deeper than the 2MASS focusing on
the Galactic plane: the UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey (GPS; Lucas+
2008, II/316) and the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV;
Minniti+ 2010, II/348 ; Saito+ 2012, II/337). These two surveys were
conducted with 4m telescopes. Additionally, we also use the Spitzer
Space Telescope Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey
Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE; see II/293) data to supplement the WISE data.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 55 923 A list of new clusters
table4.dat 296 923 A list of the sources associated with new clusters
table6.dat 87 15 Reddenings, distances, and relative ages of
class A clusters
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See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)
VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)
VIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)
II/316 : UKIDSS-DR6 Galactic Plane Survey (Lucas+ 2012)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/337 : VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)
II/327 : AKARI Far-Infrared Surveyor YSO catalog (Toth+, 2014)
II/348 : VISTA Variable in the Via Lactea Survey DR2 (Minniti+, 2017)
J/A+AS/90/327 : 1612MHz OH survey of IRAS sources (te Lintel Hekkert+ 1991)
J/A+AS/122/79 : Galactic Bulge Reg. OH 1612MHz survey. I. (Sevenster+ 1997)
J/A+AS/124/509 : ATCA/VLA OH 1612 MHz survey. II. (Sevenster+ 1997)
J/A+AS/132/211 : Interstellar SiO sources (Harju+ 1998)
J/A+A/366/481 : ATCA/VLA OH 1612 MHz survey. III. (Sevenster+, 2001)
J/A+A/383/631 : Catalogue of dust clouds in the Galaxy (Dutra+, 2002)
J/A+A/397/177 : IR star clusters and stellar groups catalog (Bica+, 2003)
J/A+A/404/223 : 2MASS IR star clusters in the Galaxy (Bica+, 2003)
J/A+A/400/533 : New IR star clusters in southern Milky Way (Dutra+, 2003)
J/ApJ/635/560 : New star clusters discovered in GLIMPSE (Mercer+ 2005)
J/A+A/432/737 : Catalogue of 6.7GHz Methanol Masers (Pestalozzi+, 2005)
J/A+A/447/921 : Galactic Open Cluster Candidates (Kronberger+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/374/399 : Infrared star clusters with |b|<20° (Froebrich+, 2007)
J/A+A/476/1019 : RMS survey of southern cand. massive YSOs (Mottram+, 2007)
J/ApJ/669/446 : Observations of SiO masers (Nakashima+, 2007)
J/PASJ/59/1185 : Water maser in galactic IRAS sources (Sunada+, 2007)
J/AJ/136/2413 : Galactic midplane Spitzer red sources (Robitaille+, 2008)
J/A+A/505/405 : A catalogue of Spitzer dark clouds (Peretto+, 2009)
J/A+A/532/A131 : New Galactic star clusters in VVV survey (Borissova+, 2011)
J/PASJ/63/S1 : Atlas of dark clouds based on 2MASS (Dobashi+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011)
J/A+A/542/A3 : Stellar clusters from UKIDSS GPS (Solin+, 2012)
J/other/ApSS/344.175 : Protoclusters and subclusters (Majaess, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A76 : Stellar clusters in the inner Galaxy (Morales+, 2013)
J/A+A/562/A115 : VVV: star formation and embedded clusters (Solin+, 2014)
J/A+A/563/A130 : GLIMPSE/BGPS 6.7GHz methanol maser survey (Sun+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/442/2240 : Accurate water maser positions from HOPS (Walsh+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/15 : SiO & H2O maser survey toward AGB stars (Yoon+, 2014)
J/other/NewA/34.84 : New Galactic embedded cluster candidates (Camargo+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/455/3126 : New Galactic star clusters and candidates (Camargo+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [Ryu]
4- 6 I03 --- Seq [1/923] Name of new cluster
8- 15 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
17- 23 F7.4 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
25- 26 I2 h RAh [15/18] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 29 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
37- 37 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
41- 42 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
44- 47 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
49- 51 F3.1 arcmin Rad [0.4/4.7] Radius
53- 53 A1 --- Emb Embedded cluster flag (o=embedded cluster;
x=non-embedded cluster)
55- 55 A1 --- q_Seq Class of new cluster (A=best, B=good, C=poor)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- --- [Ryu]
4- 6 I03 --- Seq [1/923] Name of new cluster
8- 17 F10.6 deg RAdeg [238.5/285] Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 28 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-56.2/-0.4] Declination (J2000)
30- 32 F3.1 arcmin Rad [0.4/4.7] Radius
34- 34 A1 --- Emb Embedded cluster flag (o=embedded cluster;
x=non-embedded cluster)
36- 36 A1 --- q_Seq Class of new cluster
(A=best, B=good, C=poor)
38- 47 A10 --- IRAS Associated IRAS point source (HHMMm+DDMM;
B1950 - n=no sources are matched)
49- 51 I3 arcsec offset-IRAS [0/960] Offset to the closest IRAS
point source
53- 69 A17 --- MSX6C Associated MSX source (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb;
n=no sources are matched)
71- 74 I4 arcsec offset-MSX6C [0/6653] Offset to the closest MSX source
76- 93 A18 --- IRDC Associated Infrared dark cloud (1)
95- 99 I5 arcsec offset-PF09 [14/37232] Offset to the closest PF09 source
101-105 I5 arcsec offset-D11 [16/16936] Offset to the closest D11 source
107-110 I4 arcsec offset-DB02 [13/8373] Offset to the closest DB02 source
112-129 A18 --- YSO Associated Young Stellar Object (2)
131-134 I4 arcsec offset-AKARI [1/5258] Offset to the closest AKARI source
136-140 I5 arcsec offset-R08 [4/19597] Offset to the closest R08 source
142-146 I5 arcsec offset-M07 [12/52274] Offset to the closest M07 source
148-165 A18 --- Methanol Associated Methanol maser (3)
167-171 I5 arcsec offset-P05 [5/23110] Offset to the closest P05 source
173-177 I5 arcsec offset-C10 [6/40755] Offset to the closest C10 source
179-183 I5 arcsec offset-S14 [23/65524] Offset to the closest S14 source
185-202 A18 --- H2O Associated Water maser (4)
204-208 I5 arcsec offset-W14 [8/22814] Offset to the closest W14 source
210-214 I5 arcsec offset-S07 [1/65425] Offset to the closest S07 source
216-220 I5 arcsec offset-U11 [4/65388] Offset to the closest U11 source
222-239 A18 --- OH Associated OH maser (5)
241-245 I5 arcsec offset-S97a [3/65505] Offset to the closest S97a source
247-251 I5 arcsec offset-S97b [13/65321] Offset to the closest S97b source
253-257 I5 arcsec offset-S01 [1/65383] Offset to the closest S01 source
259-263 I5 arcsec offset-t91 [8/11372] Offset to the closest t91 source
265-278 A14 --- SiO Associated SiO maser (6)
280-284 I5 arcsec offset-H98 [21/24504] Offset to the closest H98 source
286-290 I5 arcsec offset-Y14 [16/65418] Offset to the closest Y14 source
292-296 I5 arcsec offset-N07 [81/65398] Offset to the closest N07 source
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Note (1): Identification abbreviations:
PF09 = Peretto & Fuller (2009, J/A+A/505/405 ; in Simbad)
D11 = Dobashi (2011, J/PASJ/63/S1 ; in Simbad);
DB02 = Dutra & Bica (2002, J/A+A/383/631 ;
<[DB2002b] GLLL.ll+BB.bb> in Simbad)
n = no sources are matched.
Note (2): Identification abbreviations:
AKARI = Toth+ (2014, II/327 ; <AKARI-FIS-V1 JHHMMSSs+DDMMSS> in Simbad);
R08 = Robitaille+ (2008, J/AJ/136/2413 ;
<[RMB2008] GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb> in Simbad);
M07 = Mottram+ (2007, J/A+A/476/1019;
<[MHL2007] GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb N> in Simbad)
n = no sources are matched.
Note (3): Identification abbreviations:
P05 = Pestalozzi+ (2005, J/A+A/432/737 ;
<[PMB2005] CH3OH LLL.ll+B.bb> in Simbad);
C10 = Caswell+ (2010, VIII/96 ; in Simbad);
S14 = Sun+ (2014, J/A+A/563/A130)
n = no sources are matched.
Note (4): Identification abbreviations:
W14 = Walsh+ (2014, J/MNRAS/442/2240)
S07 = Sunada+ (2007, J/PASJ/59/1185)
U11 = Urquhart+ (2011, J/MNRAS/418/1689)
n = no sources are matched
Note (5): Identification abbreviations:
S97a = Sevenster+ (1997, J/A+AS/122/79 ; in Simbad);
S97b = Sevenster+ (1997, J/A+AS/124/509 ; in Simbad);
S01 = Sevenster+ (2001, J/A+A/366/481 ; <[SVM2001b] NNN> in Simbad);
t91 = te Lintel Hekkert+ (1991, J/A+AS/90/327 ;
<[TCH91] HHMMm+DDMMa> in Simbad);
n = no sources are matched.
Note (6): Identification abbreviations:
H98 = Harju+ (1998, J/A+AS/132/211)
Y14 = Yoon+ (2014, J/ApJS/211/15);
N07 = Nakashima & Deguchi (2007, J/ApJ/669/446);
n = no sources are matched.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- --- [Ryu]
5- 7 I03 --- Seq [1/15] Name of new cluster
9- 16 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
18- 24 F7.4 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
26- 27 I2 h RAh [16/18] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
29- 30 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
32- 36 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
38- 38 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
39- 40 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
42- 43 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
45- 48 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
50- 52 F3.1 arcmin Rad [0.9/2.7] Radius
54- 54 A1 --- Emb Embedded cluster flag (o=embedded cluster;
x=non-embedded cluster)
56- 58 F3.1 mag E(B-V) [0.2/5.2] Reddening (1)
60- 62 F3.1 mag E_E(B-V) [0.1/0.3]? Upper uncertainty on E(B-V) (1)
64- 66 F3.1 mag e_E(B-V) [0.1/1] Lower or symmetric uncertainty
on E(B-V) (1)
68- 71 F4.1 kpc Dist [0.4/12.6] Distance (1)
73- 75 F3.1 kpc E_Dist [0.2/4.8]? Upper uncertainty on Distance (1)
77- 79 F3.1 kpc e_Dist [0.1/3.5] Lower or symmetric uncertainty
on Distance (1)
81- 85 A5 --- Age Age
87- 87 A1 --- f_Age Flag on Age (2)
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Note (1): E(B-V) and distances of young and old clusters are determined using
4Myr and 10Gyr isochrones, respectively.
Note (2): Flag on Age as follows:
a = The age is determined to be 0.8±0.2Gyr.
b = The age is determined to be 2.0 (+0.5,-0.4)Gyr.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 13-Feb-2019