J/ApJ/858/118 Kinematic data of 3 nearby low-mass galaxies (Nguyen+, 2018)
Nearby early-type galactic nuclei at high resolution: dynamical black hole
and nuclear star cluster mass measurements.
Nguyen D.D., Seth A.C., Neumayer N., Kamann S., Voggel K.T., Cappellari M.,
Picotti A., Nguyen P.M., Boker T., Debattista V., Caldwell N., McDermid R.,
Bastian N., Ahn C.C., Pechetti R.
<Astrophys. J., 858, 118-118 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...858..118N 2018ApJ...858..118N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby; Spectra, infrared; Velocity dispersion;
Radial velocities; Stars, masses
Keywords: galaxies: individual: (NGC 221, M32, NGC 205, NGC 5102 and NGC 5206);
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: nuclei
Abstract:
We present a detailed study of the nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and
massive black holes (BHs) of four of the nearest low-mass early-type
galaxies: M32, NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206. We measure the
dynamical masses of both the BHs and NSCs in these galaxies using
Gemini/NIFS or VLT/SINFONI stellar kinematics, Hubble Space Telescope
(HST) imaging, and Jeans anisotropic models. We detect massive BHs in
M32, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206, while in NGC 205, we find only an upper
limit. These BH mass estimates are consistent with previous
measurements in M32 and NGC 205, while those in NGC 5102 and NGC 5206
are estimated for the first time and both found to be <106M☉.
This adds to just a handful of galaxies with dynamically measured
sub-million M☉ central BHs. Combining these BH detections with
our recent work on NGC 404's BH, we find that 80% (4/5) of nearby,
low-mass (109-1010M☉; σ*∼20-70km/s) early-type
galaxies host BHs. Such a high occupation fraction suggests that the
BH seeds formed in the early epoch of cosmic assembly likely resulted
in abundant seeds, favoring a low-mass seed mechanism of the remnants,
most likely from the first generation of massive stars. We find
dynamical masses of the NSCs ranging from 2 to 73x106M☉ and
compare these masses to scaling relations for NSCs based primarily on
photometric mass estimates. Color gradients suggest that younger
stellar populations lie at the centers of the NSCs in three of the
four galaxies (NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206), while the morphology
of two are complex and best fit with multiple morphological components
(NGC 5102 and NGC 5206). The NSC kinematics show they are rotating,
especially in M32 and NGC 5102 (V/σ*∼0.7).
Description:
NGC 205 was observed with HST ACS/HRC in 2002 Sep 08, NGC 5102 with
HST WFPC2 in 1994 Sept 02 and 2001 May 27, and NGC 5206 with HST WFPC2
in 1996 May 11. M32 was observed with HST/WFPC2 on 1994 Dec 26.
M32 and NGC 205 were observed with Gemini/NIFS using the Altair
tip-tilt laser guide star system (NGC 205 was observed on 2008 Sep 19).
NGC 5102 and NGC 5206 were observed with SINFONI on the UT4 (Yepun) of
the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) VLT at Cerro Paranal, Chile.
NGC 5102 was observed on two consecutive nights in March 2007 as part
of the SINFONI GTO program (PI: Bender). NGC 5206 was observed in
three different years (2011, 2013, and 2014; PI: Neumayer). The
spectra were taken in the K band (1.93-2.47um) at a spectral
resolution of R∼4000, covering a field of view (FOV) of 3"x3".
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 89 4 Host galaxy properties
table8.dat 37 336 Gemini/NIFS kinematic data of the NGC205 nucleus
table9.dat 36 949 VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5102 nucleus
table10.dat 37 214 VLT/SINFONI kinematic data of the NGC5206 nucleus
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See also:
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
J/MNRAS/464/194 : Metallicity distribution in the GC (Feldmeier-Krause+, 2017)
J/A+A/597/A18 : The central black hole in NGC 4414 (Thater+, 2017)
J/ApJ/826/L32 : Black hole masses in megamaser disk galaxies (Greene+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/457/2122 : Nuclear star clusters photometric masses (Georgiev+, 2016)
J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/448/3167 : z≳5 AGN in Chandra Deep Field-South (Weigel+, 2015)
J/ApJ/798/54 : "Under-massive" black hole candidates (Graham+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in 228 spiral gal. (Georgiev+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A47 : MW nuclear star cluster extinction map (Schoedel+, 2014)
J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active BH galaxies from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013)
J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/ApJ/755/167 : Low-mass BHs in SDSS Seyfert 1 galaxies (Dong+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)
J/ApJ/725/670 : Kinematics in the M32 nucleus (Seth, 2010)
J/ApJS/183/1 : Catalog of central stellar velocity dispersions (Ho+, 2009)
J/A+A/502/91 : Proper motions of stars near SgrA* (Schoedel+, 2009)
J/ApJ/678/116 : AGNs in nuclear star clusters (Seth+, 2008)
J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/372/1259 : Abundances of extragalactic globular cl. (Sharina+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/332 : Velocities of individual stars in NGC 205 (Geha+, 2006)
J/AJ/126/2268 : Velocity dispersions & Mg2 index of galaxies (Wegner+, 2003)
J/ApJS/107/312 : Ordinary Cool Stars in K Band (Wallace+ 1996)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Galaxy name
10- 13 F4.2 Mpc Dist [0.7/3.5] Distance
15 I1 --- r_Dist [1/4] Reference on Dist (1)
17- 21 F5.2 mag m-M [24.4/27.8] Distance modulus
23- 26 F4.1 pc/arcsec Scale [4/17] Physical scale
28- 32 F5.1 mag BMag [-16.5/-15] Absolute B magnitude
34 I1 --- r_BMag [5/7] Reference on BMag (1)
36- 40 F5.1 mag IMag [-16.7/-16.5]? Absolute I magnitude
42 I1 --- r_IMag [6/7]? Reference on IMag (1)
44- 49 E6.3 Msun Mtotp [9.7e+08/6e+09] Photometric total
stellar mass estimated from this work
51- 56 E6.3 Msun Mtotd [1e+09/7e+09] Dynamical total stellar mass
estimated from this work
58- 60 I3 arcsec reff [30/121] Effective radius in arcsec
62- 65 I4 pc reffpc [120/1200] Effective radius in pc
67- 71 A5 --- r_reff Reference(s) on effective radii (1)
73- 76 I4 km/s VsysNED [-241/571] Systemic velocity from NED
78- 81 I4 km/s Vsys [-241/573] Measured systemic velocity
83- 86 F4.1 deg Inc [70/86]? Inclination
88- 89 I2 --- r_Inc [12]? Reference on Inc (1)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
1 = Welch et al. (1986ApJ...305..583W 1986ApJ...305..583W);
2 = McConnachie et al. (2005MNRAS.356..979M 2005MNRAS.356..979M);
3 = van den Bergh (1976AJ.....81..795V 1976AJ.....81..795V);
4 = Tully et al. (2015ApJ...802L..25T 2015ApJ...802L..25T);
5 = http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/search.html
6 = Seth (2010, J/ApJ/725/670);
7 = Geha et al. (2006, J/AJ/131/332);
8 = Graham (2002ApJ...568L..13G 2002ApJ...568L..13G);
9 = De Rijcke et al. (2006MNRAS.369.1321D 2006MNRAS.369.1321D),
10 = Jarrett et al. (2003AJ....125..525J 2003AJ....125..525J -- 2MASS Large Galaxy Atlas);
11 = Davidge (2008AJ....135.1636D 2008AJ....135.1636D);
12 = Verolme et al. (2002MNRAS.335..517V 2002MNRAS.335..517V)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 F5.2 arcsec oRA Right Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)
7- 11 F5.2 arcsec oDE Declination offset from Nucleus (1)
13- 19 F7.2 km/s RVel [-289/-245] Radial velocity (2)
21- 25 F5.2 km/s e_RVel [0.6/13] Uncertainty in RVel
27- 31 F5.2 km/s sigma [11/29] Velocity dispersion (2)
33- 37 F5.2 km/s e_sigma [0.5/15] Uncertainty in sigma
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Note (1): RA = 00:40:22.0 (J2000);
DE = 41:41:07.1 (J2000)
Note (2): number of kinematic bins = 214
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 F5.2 arcsec oRA Right Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)
7- 11 F5.2 arcsec oDE Declination offset from Nucleus (1)
13- 18 F6.2 km/s RVel [450/551] Radial velocity (2)
20- 24 F5.2 km/s e_RVel [1/12] Uncertainty in RVel
26- 30 F5.2 km/s sigma [24/60] Velocity dispersion (2)
32- 36 F5.2 km/s e_sigma [1/15] Uncertainty in sigma
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Note (1): RA = 13:21:55.96 (J2000)
DE = -36:38:13.0 (J2000)
Note (2): number of kinematic bins = 949
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 F5.2 arcsec oRA Right Ascension offset from Nucleus (1)
7- 11 F5.2 arcsec oDE Declination offset from Nucleus (1)
13- 18 F6.2 km/s RVel [556/639] Radial velocity (2)
20- 24 F5.2 km/s e_RVel [1/15] Uncertainty in RVel
26- 31 F6.2 km/s sigma [-11/63] Velocity dispersion (2)
33- 37 F5.2 km/s e_sigma [2/15] Uncertainty in sigma
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Note (1): RA = 13:33:43.92 (J2000)
DE = -48:09:05.0 (J2000)
Note (2): number of kinematic bins = 214
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Apr-2019