J/ApJ/861/94 SHINING I. Survey observational trends (Herrera-Camus+, 2018)
SHINING, a survey of far-infrared lines in nearby galaxies.
I. Survey description, observational trends, and line diagnostics.
Herrera-Camus R., Sturm E., Gracia-Carpio J., Lutz D., Contursi A.,
Veilleux S., Fischer J., Gonzalez-Alfonso E., Poglitsch A., Tacconi L.,
Genzel R., Maiolino R., Sternberg A., Davies R., Verma A.
<Astrophys. J., 861, 94 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...861...94H 2018ApJ...861...94H
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; Spectra, infrared; Surveys
Keywords: galaxies: active; galaxies: general; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: Seyfert;
galaxies: star formation; galaxies: starburst
Abstract:
We use the Herschel/PACS spectrometer to study the global and
spatially resolved far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure line emission in
a sample of 52 galaxies that constitute the SHINING survey. These
galaxies include star-forming, active-galactic nuclei (AGNs), and
luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). We find an increasing number of
galaxies (and kiloparsec-size regions within galaxies) with low
line-to-FIR continuum ratios as a function of increasing FIR
luminosity (LFIR), dust infrared color, LFIR to molecular gas mass
ratio (LFIR/Mmol), and FIR surface brightness (ΣFIR). The
correlations between the [CII]/FIR or [OI]/FIR ratios with ΣFIR
are remarkably tight (∼0.3dex scatter over almost four orders of
magnitude in ΣFIR). We observe that galaxies with
LFIR/Mmol≳80L☉/M☉ and ΣFIR≳1011L☉/kpc2
tend to have weak fine-structure line-to-FIR continuum ratios, and
that LIRGs with infrared sizes ≳1kpc have line-to-FIR ratios
comparable to those observed in typical star-forming galaxies. We
analyze the physical mechanisms driving these trends in Paper II. The
combined analysis of the [CII], [NII]122µm, and [OIII]88µm lines
reveals that the fraction of the [CII] line emission that arises from
neutral gas increases from 60% to 90% in the most active star-forming
regions and that the emission originating in the ionized gas is
associated with low-ionization, diffuse gas rather than with dense gas
in HII regions. Finally, we report the global and spatially resolved
line fluxes of the SHINING galaxies to enable the comparison and
planning of future local and high-z studies.
Description:
Each of the "Survey with Herschel of the Interstellar medium in Nearby
INfrared Galaxies" (SHINING; PI Sturm) was observed in the six
brightest photodissociation region (PDR) and HII region lines in the
Herschel/PACS spectral range; namely the [CII]158um, [OI]145um, and
[OI]63um PDR lines, and the [NII]122um, [OIII]88um, and [NIII]57um HII
lines.
The data were obtained in short time integrations (∼1hr) spread over
a period of almost two years, from 2009 November to the end of 2011
September with the Herschel PACS integral field spectrometer.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 54 52 SHINING galaxy sample
table3.dat 179 58 Summary of observations
table6.dat 177 58 Integrated line fluxes for galaxies in
the SHINING sample
table7.dat 178 850 Resolved line fluxes for 34 galaxies in
the SHINING sample
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VII/248 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (12th Ed.) (Veron+ 2006)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
J/A+AS/115/439 : CO survey of galaxies (Elfhag+, 1996)
J/ApJS/121/473 : A diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 Galaxies (Bassani+, 1999)
J/ApJ/522/113 : 1Jy IRAS galaxies optical spectroscopy (Veilleux+, 1999)
J/AJ/126/1607 : IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/3235 : HIRES atlas of all RBGS galaxies (Surace+, 2004)
J/A+A/432/369 : Leiden Atomic & Molecular Database (LAMDA) (Schoeier+, 2005)
J/ApJ/646/161 : Classification of IR galaxies (Dale+, 2006)
J/ApJS/178/280 : Compendium of ISO far-IR extragalactic data (Brauher+, 2008)
J/A+A/486/629 : Effective collision strengths for C II (Tayal, 2008)
J/ApJS/182/628 : Spitzer quasar and ULIRG evolution study (Veilleux+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)
J/ApJ/755/171 : [CII]158um line fluxes of AGN from Herschel (Sargsyan+, 2012)
J/ApJ/774/68 : [CII]157.7um feature in LIRGs (Diaz-Santos+, 2013)
J/ApJS/206/1 : Mid-IR properties of GOALS nearby LIRGs (Stierwalt+, 2013)
J/A+A/578/A53 : Spectroscopy of Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey (Cormier+, 2015)
J/ApJ/814/133 : Herschel Galactic plane survey of [NII] (Goldsmith+, 2015)
J/ApJS/226/19 : Herschel FIR spectra of AGNs (Fernandez-Ontiveros+, 2016)
J/A+A/591/A136 : Gal. and QSOs FIR size and surface brightness (Lutz+, 2016)
J/ApJ/845/96 : [CII] emission in the ISM of 20 nearby gal. (Croxall+, 2017)
J/ApJ/846/32 : Herschel FIR spectra of GOALS galaxies (Diaz-Santos+, 2017)
J/A+A/609/A9 : Local Swift-BAT AGN observed with Herschel (Lutz+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- n_Name Note on Name (1)
4- 19 A16 --- Name Source name
21 A1 --- f_Name Flag on Name (2)
23- 26 A4 --- Class Optical classification
28- 34 F7.5 --- z [0.0006/0.2] NED redshift
36- 41 F6.2 Mpc Dist [3.4/575.8] Distance (3)
43 A1 --- l_logSFIR Limit flag on logSFIR
44- 48 F5.2 [Lsun/kpc2] logSFIR [8.8/12.6]? FIR surface brightness
(log10(ΣFIR))
from Lutz+ 2016, J/A+A/591/A136
50- 54 F5.2 [Lsun] logLFIR [9.5/12.5] log of FIR luminosity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Note as follows:
sb = Starburst/star-forming galaxies;
sy = Seyfert galaxies;
ir = Luminous infrared galaxies.
Note (2):
b = These systems exhibit both an AGN (Sy 2) and a circumnuclear starburst.
Note (3): Distances were calculated using the redshift given in the NASA/IPA
Extragalactic Database (and references therein), assuming a flat ΛCDM
cosmology with Ωm=0.27 and a Hubble constant H0=73km/s/Mpc.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- f_ID Note on Name;
column added by CDS from Table 4 (4)
3- 18 A16 --- Name Source name
20- 35 A16 --- m_Name Component in Name
37- 38 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
40- 41 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
43- 47 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
49 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
50- 51 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
53- 54 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
56- 59 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
61-103 A43 --- ObsId Herschel observation identifier(s)
105-169 A65 --- ObsPV Herschel performance verification (PV) phase
observation identifier(s)
171-179 A9 --- ID Abbreviated identifier as in table 7;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (4): Galaxies with more than ∼70% of their line and continuum emission
coming from an extended component are classified as extended (E);
compact (C) otherwise. See section 4.2 for further explanations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name Source name
18- 33 A16 --- m_Name Component in Name
35 A1 --- l_NIII57 Limit flag on NIII57
36- 43 E8.2 W/m2 NIII57 [1.8e-17/3.6e-14]? The [NIII] 57 micron flux
45- 52 E8.2 W/m2 e_NIII57 [3.5e-18/1.1e-15]? Uncertainty in NIII57
54 A1 --- l_OI63 Limit flag on OI63
55- 62 E8.2 W/m2 OI63 [5.6e-17/1.6e-13]? The [OI] 63 micron flux
64- 71 E8.2 W/m2 e_OI63 [5e-18/0.23]? Uncertainty in OI63
73 A1 --- l_OIII88 Limit flag on OIII88
74- 81 E8.2 W/m2 OIII88 [1.7e-17/8.4e-14]? The [OIII] 88 micron flux
83- 90 E8.2 W/m2 e_OIII88 [2.6e-18/2.6e-15]? Uncertainty in OIII88
92 A1 --- l_NII122 Limit flag on NII122
93-100 E8.2 W/m2 NII122 [7.3e-18/2.1e-14]? The [NII] 122 micron flux
102-109 E8.2 W/m2 e_NII122 [1.5e-18/2e-16]? Uncertainty in NII122
111-118 E8.2 W/m2 OI145 [3.3e-18/1.4e-14]? The [OI] 145 micron flux
120-127 E8.2 W/m2 e_OI145 [0/1.4e-16]? Uncertainty in OI145
129-136 E8.2 W/m2 CII158 [4.1e-17/1.5e-13]? The [CII] 158 micron flux
138-145 E8.2 W/m2 e_CII158 [2e-18/1e-15]? Uncertainty in CII158
147-153 F7.2 Jy S63 [1.3/1570]? Continuum flux density at 63um
155-161 F7.4 Jy e_S63 [0.07/94.2]? Uncertainty in S63
163-169 F7.2 Jy S122 [1/1350]? Continuum flux density at 122um
171-177 F7.4 Jy e_S122 [0.06/81]? Uncertainty in S122
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- ID Abbreviated source identifier
11- 22 F12.8 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
24- 36 F13.9 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
38 A1 --- l_NIII57 Limit flag on NIII57
39- 46 E8.2 W/m2 NIII57 [1.1e-18/7.8e-15]? The [NIII] 57 micron flux
48- 55 E8.2 W/m2 e_NIII57 [1.3e-18/2e-16]? Uncertainty in NIII57
57 A1 --- l_OI63 Limit flag on OI63
58- 65 E8.2 W/m2 OI63 [5e-18/2.7e-14]? The [OI] 63 micron flux
67- 74 E8.2 W/m2 e_OI63 [2.3e-18/5.6e-16]? Uncertainty in OI63
76 A1 --- l_OIII88 Limit flag on OIII88
77- 84 E8.2 W/m2 OIII88 [5.5e-18/1.5e-14]? The [OIII] 88 micron flux
86- 93 E8.2 W/m2 e_OIII88 [2.1e-18/2.5e-16]? Uncertainty in OIII88
95 A1 --- l_NII122 Limit flag on NII122
96-103 E8.2 W/m2 NII122 [1.8e-18/4.3e-15]? The [NII] 122 micron flux
105-112 E8.2 W/m2 e_NII122 [7.5e-19/5.7e-17]? Uncertainty in NII122
114 A1 --- l_OI145 Limit flag on OI145
115-122 E8.2 W/m2 OI145 [1.3e-18/2.7e-15]? The [OI] 145 micron flux
124-131 E8.2 W/m2 e_OI145 [5.6e-19/3.5e-17]? Uncertainty in OI145
133 A1 --- l_CII158 Limit flag on CII158
134-141 E8.2 W/m2 CII158 [6.5e-18/1.5e-14]? The [CII] 158 micron flux
143-150 E8.2 W/m2 e_CII158 [1.2e-18/1.4e-16]? Uncertainty in CII158
152 A1 --- l_S63 Limit flag on S63
153-158 F6.2 Jy S63 [-42.4/847.3]? Continuum flux density at 63um
160-164 F5.2 Jy e_S63 [0/51]? Uncertainty in S63
166 A1 --- l_S122 Limit flag on S122
167-172 F6.2 Jy S122 [-34.5/688.6] Continuum flux density at 122um
174-178 F5.2 Jy e_S122 [0/41.4]? Uncertainty in S122
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 12-Jul-2019