J/ApJ/863/13 Herschel obs. of protoplanetary disks in L1641 (Grant+, 2018)
Herschel observations of protoplanetary disks in Lynds 1641.
Grant S.L., Espaillat C.C., Megeath S.T., Calvet N., Fischer W.J.,
Miller C.J., Kim K.H., Stutz A.M., Ribas A., Robinson C.E.
<Astrophys. J., 863, 13 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...863...13G 2018ApJ...863...13G
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared; YSOs; Spectral types
Keywords: accretion, accretion disks ; circumstellar matter ; infrared: stars ;
protoplanetary disks
Abstract:
We analyze Herschel Space Observatory observations of 104 young
stellar objects with protoplanetary disks in the ∼1.5Myr star-forming
region Lynds 1641 (L1641) within the Orion A Molecular Cloud. We
present spectral energy distributions from the optical to the
far-infrared including new photometry from the Herschel Photodetector
Array Camera and Spectrometer at 70µm. Our sample, taken as part of
the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey, contains 24 transitional disks, 8
of which we identify for the first time in this work. We analyze the
full disks (FDs) with irradiated accretion disk models to infer dust
settling properties. Using forward modeling to reproduce the observed
nKs-[70] index for the FD sample, we find the observed disk indices
are consistent with models that have depletion of dust in the upper
layers of the disk relative to the midplane, indicating significant
dust settling. We perform the same analysis on FDs in Taurus with
Herschel data and find that Taurus is slightly more evolved, although
both samples show signs of dust settling. These results add to the
growing literature that significant dust evolution can occur in disks
by ∼1.5Myr.
Description:
We compiled an initial sample of young stellar objects (YSOs) on the
basis that they were classified as Class II objects in
Megeath+ (2012, J/AJ/144/192 and 2016AJ....151....5M 2016AJ....151....5M) and were located
in L1641 (we require that our sample be located below -6° decl.,
see Figure 1). For this sample, we extracted photometry from the
Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS) open-time key program in 2010
and 2011 (e.g., Stutz+ 2013, J/ApJ/767/36 ; Furlan+ 2016, J/ApJS/224/5
and B. Ali et al. 2018, priv. comm.).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 42 104 Herschel fluxes
table2.dat 46 98 Stellar properties
table3.dat 14 49 Transitional disk candidates
table4.dat 29 11 L1641 median SED
table5.dat 29 11 L1641 median SED for full disks
table6.dat 29 11 L1641 median SED for transitional disks
table7.dat 46 65 Herschel fluxes for flagged objects
table8.dat 50 60 Stellar properties for flagged objects
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See also:
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/ApJ/602/816 : Chamaeleon I star-forming region census (Luhman, 2004)
J/A+A/489/1409 : IR photometry and spectroscopy in L1641N (Galfalk+, 2008)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/A+A/504/461 : YSOs in L1630N and L1641 (Fang+, 2009)
J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/L81 : Extinction in star-forming regions (McClure, 2009)
J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/752/59 : Low-mass population in L1641 (Hsu+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/5 : YSOs in LDN 1641 with Hectochelle spectra (Fang+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/114 : BVRI photometry of stars in Orion A (Hsu+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/149 : IR spectroscopy in Orion A: transitional disks (Kim+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/99 : X-ray survey of YSOs in Orion A (Pillitteri+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/36 : APEX observations of HOPS protostars (Stutz+, 2013)
J/AJ/148/11 : Infrared photometry in Cygnus-X (Kryukova+, 2014)
J/A+A/581/A30 : Herschel maps of ρ Oph (Rebollido+, 2015)
J/ApJS/224/5 : Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS): SEDs (Furlan+, 2016)
J/ApJS/226/8 : Spitzer/IRS survey of Class II objects in Orion A (Kim+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/52 : NIR survey of Spitzer YSOs in Orion (Kounkel+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/91 : Refined classification for Orion A protostars (Lewis+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/142 : Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS). II. (Kounkel+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[17].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID [198/1086] Running sequence number (G1)
6- 7 I2 h RAh [5] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
9- 10 I2 min RAm [34/43] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
12- 15 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 17 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
18- 19 I2 deg DEd [6/8] Degree of Declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
29- 35 F7.4 Jy F70 [0.01/10.1] Herschel/PACS 70um flux
37- 42 F6.4 Jy e_F70 [0.001/0.6] Uncertainty in F70
44- 46 A3 --- Flag Flux Flag(s) only for Table 7 (G2)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[28].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID [198/1086] Running sequence number (G1)
6- 9 A4 --- SpT Literature spectral type
11- 11 A1 --- r_SpT Reference for SpT (1)
13- 17 F5.2 mag Av [0/34.5]? Visual extinction
19- 26 A8 --- r_Av Reference (or source) for Av (1)
28- 33 F6.3 Lsun Lum [0.01/59.4]? Luminosity
35- 35 A1 --- r_Lum Reference for Lum (1)
37- 37 A1 --- l_logMdot limit flag for logMdot
39- 44 F6.2 [Msun/yr] logMdot [-10.7/-5.6]? log mass accretion rate
46 A1 --- r_logMdot Reference for logMdot (1)
48- 50 A3 --- Flag Flux Flag(s), only for Table 8 (G2)
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Note (1): References for SpT, Av, Lum, logMdot as follows:
CTTS J-H = visual extinctions were measured in this work as described
in Section 3.1.
a = Hsu et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/59);
b = Kim et al. (2016, J/ApJS/226/8);
c = Fang et al. (2013, J/ApJS/207/5);
d = Fang et al. (2009, J/A+A/504/461);
e = Hsu et al. (2013, J/ApJ/764/114).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- ID [198/1086] Running sequence number (G1)
6- 6 I1 --- F09 [0/1] Transitional Disk Candidate,
Fang+ (2009, J/A+A/504/461, 2013, J/ApJS/207/5)
8- 8 I1 --- Me10 [0/1] Transitional Disk Candidate,
Merin+ (2010ApJ...718.1200M 2010ApJ...718.1200M)
10- 10 I1 --- C10 [0/1] Transitional Disk Candidate,
Cieza+ (2010, J/ApJ/712/925)
12- 12 I1 --- Mu10 [0/1] Transitional Disk Candidate,
Muzerolle+ (2010ApJ...708.1107M 2010ApJ...708.1107M)
14- 14 I1 --- ThisWork [0/1] Transitional Disk Candidate, This work
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[456].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 F5.2 um lambda [0.5/70] Wavelength in micron
7- 13 F7.3 [mW/m2] SED [-11.4/-9.8] log median flux density,
λFλ in erg/s/cm2 units
15- 21 F7.3 [mW/m2] b_SED [-11.7/-9.9] log lower quartile,
λFλ in erg/s/cm2 units
23- 29 F7.3 [mW/m2] B_SED [-11.3/-9.7] log upper quartile
λFλ in erg/s/cm2 units
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Number from Megeath+, 2012, J/AJ/144/192 ;
<[MGM2012] NNNN> in Simbad
Note (G2): For each object, we list the corresponding identification number
from Megeath+ 2012, J/AJ/144/192 and the objects associated
flag(s). These sources are not included in our analysis.
1 = a protoplanetary system with a 70 micron flux that is likely
contaminated by close sources and/or nebulosity;
2 = systems with Av≥15;
3 = systems that do not have colors characteristic of CTTSs.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Aug-2019