J/ApJ/865/106 SUPER GOODS. III. ALMA data for SCUBA-2 sources (Cowie+, 2018)
A submillimeter perspective on the GOODS fields (SUPER GOODS).
III. A large sample of ALMA sources in the GOODS-S.
Cowie L.L., Gonzalez-Lopez J., Barger A.J., Bauer F.E., Hsu L.-Y.,
Wang W.-H.
<Astrophys. J., 865, 106 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...865..106C 2018ApJ...865..106C
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, millimetric/submm; Photometry, infrared; Redshifts;
Surveys; Galaxies
Keywords: cosmology: observations ; galaxies: distances and redshifts ;
galaxies: evolution ; galaxies: starburst
Abstract:
We analyze the >4σ sources in the most sensitive 100arcmin2
area (rms<0.56mJy) of a SCUBA-2 850µm survey of the GOODS-S and
present the 75 band-7 ALMA sources (>4.5σ) obtained from
high-resolution interferometric follow-up observations. The raw
SCUBA-2 >4σ limit is fainter than 2.25mJy throughout this
region, and deboosting corrections would lower this further. Of the
53 SCUBA-2 sources in this sample, only five have no ALMA detections,
while 13% (68% confidence range 7%-19%) have multiple ALMA
counterparts. Color-based high-redshift dusty galaxy selection
techniques find at most 55% of the total ALMA sample. In addition to
using literature spectroscopic and optical/near-infrared photometric
redshifts, we estimate far infrared photometric redshifts based on an
Arp 220 template. We identify seven z≳4 candidates. We see the
expected decline with redshift of the 4.5 and 24µm to 850µm flux
ratios, confirming these as good diagnostics of z≳4 candidates. We
visually classify 52 ALMA sources, finding 44% (68% confidence range
35%-53%) to be apparent mergers. We calculate rest-frame 2-8keV and
8-28keV luminosities using the 7Ms Chandra X-ray image. Nearly all of
the ALMA sources detected at 0.5-2keV are consistent with a known
X-ray luminosity to 850µm flux relation for star-forming galaxies,
while most of those detected at 2-7keV are moderate-luminosity AGNs
that lie just above the 2-7keV detection threshold. The latter largely
have substantial obscurations of logNH=23-24cm-2, but two of the
high-redshift candidates may even be Compton thick.
Description:
We made observations from late 2011 through early 2017 using SCUBA-2,
which obtains simultaneous data at 450 and 850um. The mean aim-point
of our SCUBA-2 observations is RAJ2000=03:32:26.49;DEJ2000=-27:48:29.0.
See Sections 2.1-2.3.
As part of our ALMA program "BASIC: A Bright ALMA Survey of SMGs In
the Chandra Deep Field-South" (ADS/JAO.ALMA #2015.1.00242.S;
PI: F. Bauer), we observed 61 fields in the CDF-S between 2016 July 13
and November 25 with the C40-4 array configuration in band 7 (the
cycle3 program). We also observed a substantially overlapped sample of
60 fields (21 new and 39 repeats) in 2017 July and August
(ADS/JAO.ALMA #2016.1.01079.S; PI: F. Bauer) in the C40-3 array
configuration in band 7 (the cycle4 program). We refer to the
combination of the cycle3 and cycle4 observations as "BASIC". We
analyzed an additional 12 fields observed as part of other ALMA band 7
projects ("archival"). See Section 2.4.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 91 59 Central CDF-S 850um sample (rms<0.56mJy, Flux>2.25mJy)
table4.dat 88 75 CDF-S band 7 ALMA >4.5σ
table5.dat 74 75 ALMA redshifts
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
III/250 : The VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS-DEEP) (Le Fevre+ 2005)
VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)
VIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/344/887 : Sub-mm observations of the HDF (Serjeant+, 2003)
J/ApJS/155/271 : CDF-South: Optical spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)
J/A+A/437/883 : K20 survey: spectroscopic catalogue (Mignoli+, 2005)
J/AJ/132/1729 : HUDF BVI-dropout sources (Beckwith+, 2006)
J/A+A/504/751 : GOODS-MUSIC catalog updated version (Santini+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/1713 : Spectroscopy of X-ray sources in ECDF-S (Treister+, 2009)
J/ApJ/707/1201 : LABOCA ECDFS Submillimeter Survey (LESS) (Weiss+, 2009)
J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectrosc. in GOODS-South field (Balestra+, 2010)
J/ApJS/189/270 : MUSYC optical imaging in ECDF-S (Cardamone+, 2010)
J/A+A/511/A50 : JHks of GOODS-South field (Retzlaff+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/405/2260 : GOODS-S field AzTEC/AST Deep 1.1mm imaging (Scott+, 2010)
J/ApJS/191/124 : Opt. spectroscopy of ECDF-S X-ray sources (Silverman+, 2010)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/A+A/528/A35 : Infrared luminosity in GOODS fields (Magnelli+, 2011)
J/ApJ/742/3 : Photometric catalogs for ECDF-S and CDF-N (Rafferty+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/415/1479 : LESS photometric redshift survey (Wardlow+, 2011)
J/ApJS/195/10 : The CDF-S survey: 4Ms source catalogs (Xue+, 2011)
J/ApJ/761/140 : Spectroscopy of Herschel-SPIRE galaxies (Casey+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/425/2116 : Arizona CDFS Environment Survey, ACES (Cooper+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/436/1919 : SCUBA observations of COSMOS galaxies (Casey+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/91 : ALMA observations of LESS submm galaxies (Hodge+, 2013)
J/A+A/549/A63 : GMASS photometry (Kurk+, 2013)
J/ApJ/784/9 : SCUBA-2 high-redshift galaxies sample (Barger+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A11 : The Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey (HUGS) (Fontana+, 2014)
J/ApJ/796/60 : ECDFS galaxies phot. redshifts & counterparts (Hsu+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/125 : ALMA survey of ECDFS submillimeter galaxies (Simpson+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/218/33 : Spitzer-CANDELS catalog within 5 deep fields (Ashby+, 2015)
J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/97 : GOODS-S & UDS stellar masses from CANDELS (Santini+, 2015)
J/ApJ/815/129 : X-ray AGNs with Subaru/FMOS NIR observations (Suh+, 2015)
J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ∼6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master cat. (Momcheva+, 2016)
J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxy data in COSMOS field (Scoville+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/51 : FourStar galaxy evolution survey (Straatman+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/15 : Improved 2Ms and 250ks Chandra catalogs (Xue+, 2016)
J/A+A/608/A15 : ALMA survey of submm gal. in COSMOS field (Brisbin+, 2017)
J/ApJ/837/139 : SUPER GOODS. I. Ultradeep SCUBA-2 survey (Cowie+, 2017)
J/ApJ/840/78 : ALMA-identified SMGs redshifts in ECDFS (Danielson+, 2017)
J/A+A/608/A2 : MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. II. (Inami+, 2017)
J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)
J/ApJS/235/34 : Deep JVLA imaging of GOODS-N at 20cm (Owen, 2018)
J/A+A/609/A30 : Monochromatic conversion factors to LIR (Schreiber+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/53] Running sequence number
4- 6 A3 --- --- [SMM]
7- 19 A13 --- SMM SCUBA-2 source name (HHMMSS+DDMMSS, J2000)
21- 21 I1 h RAh [3] SCUBA-2 Hour of right ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm [32] Minute of right ascension (J2000)
26- 31 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- [-] SCUBA-2 Sign of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd [27] SCUBA-2 Degree of declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm [42/53] Arcminute of declination (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
46- 50 F5.2 mJy Flux [2.25/10.1] SCUBA-2 flux (1)
52- 55 F4.2 mJy e_Flux [0.31/0.53] Flux uncertainty
57- 57 I1 h RAAh [3]? ALMA Hour of right ascension (J2000)
59- 60 I2 min RAAm [32]? Minute of right ascension (J2000)
62- 67 F6.3 s RAAs ? Second of right ascension (J2000)
69 A1 --- DEA- [-]ALMA Sign of declination (J2000)
70- 71 I2 deg DEAd [27]? ALMA Degree of declination (J2000)
73- 74 I2 arcmin DEAm [42/53]? Arcminute of declination (J2000)
76- 80 F5.2 arcsec DEAs ? Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
82- 85 F4.2 arcsec Offset [0.29/4.8]? offset between the SCUBA-2 and
ALMA source positions
87- 90 F4.2 mJy Falma [0.1/8.9] ALMA 850um flux
91 A1 --- n_Falma [e] Note on Falma (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Fux and error measured from the SCUBA-2 matched-filter image.
Note (2):
e = for the five cases where the ALMA observations yielded no ALMA
detections, we list the central 1σ noise of the ALMA image
instead of an ALMA flux detection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/75] Running sequence number
4 A1 --- n_Seq [o] Note on Seq (1)
6- 9 A4 --- --- [ALMA]
10- 22 A13 --- ALMA ALMA source name (HHMMSS+DDMMSS; J2000)
24 I1 h RAh [3] Hour of right ascension (J2000)
26- 27 I2 min RAm [32] Minute of right ascension (J2000)
29- 34 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
36 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 deg DEd [27] Degree of declination (J2000)
40- 41 I2 arcmin DEm [42/53] Arcminute of declination (J2000)
43- 47 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
49- 52 F4.2 mJy Fpk [0.55/6] ALMA peak flux
54- 58 F5.3 mJy e_Fpk [0.07/0.4] Fpk uncertainty
60- 63 F4.1 --- S/N [4.8/48.7] Signal-to-noise ratio
65- 68 F4.2 mJy Flux [0.84/8.93] Best ALMA 850um flux estimate
70 A1 --- r_Flux Note on Flux (2)
72- 75 F4.2 mJy e_Flux [0.1/0.81] Flux uncertainty
77- 80 F4.2 mJy F1.13 [0.47/2.1]? ALMA 1.13mm flux from F18 (3)
82- 83 I2 --- SMM [1/52]? SCUBA-2 counterpart source number
from Table 2
85- 88 F4.2 arcsec Offset [0.29/5.7]? Offset between the nearest
SCUBA-2 source and the ALMA positions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Note as follows:
o = Six ALMA source numbers (20, 46, 47, 61, 64, 67) which do not come from
the full central SCUBA-2 sample (see Table 3 for description).
Note (2): Note as follows:
H = four archival sources from Hodge+ (2013, J/ApJ/768/91)
M = eight Mullaney+ (2015MNRAS.453L..83M 2015MNRAS.453L..83M) sources
B = Barro source (ADS/JAO.ALMA #2013.1.00205.S; P.I. G. Barro)
S = Schreiber+ (2017A&A...599A.134S 2017A&A...599A.134S) source
Note (3): ALMA 1.13mm flux from F18 (Franco+ 2018A&A...620A.152F 2018A&A...620A.152F) based on
their GALFIT values and without applying any deboosting.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/75] Running sequence number
4 A1 --- f_Seq Flag on Seq (4)
6- 9 A4 --- --- [ALMA]
10- 22 A13 --- ALMA ALMA source name (HHMMSS+DDMMSS; J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 mag zmag [21.5/27.9]? HST/ACS F850LP magnitude (5)
29- 32 F4.1 mag Hmag [20.2/26.7]? HST/WFC3 F160W magnitude (5)
34 A1 --- n_Ksmag [-] Note on Ksmag (6)
35- 38 F4.1 mag Ksmag [19.6/26.9] Ks-band magnitude (7)
40- 43 F4.1 mag 4.5mag [19.2/23.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um band magnitude (8)
45- 48 F4.1 mag 8mag [18.3/22.6]? Spitzer/IRAC 8um band magnitude (8)
50- 53 F4.2 arcsec SepG13 [0.01/0.7]? Offset between the ALMA and
G13 (Guo+ 2013, J/ApJS/207/24) source positions
55- 60 F6.4 --- zspec [0.65/3.85]? Spectroscopic redshift
62 I1 --- r_zspec [1/8]? Reference on zspec (9)
64- 68 F5.3 --- zphot [0.68/9.42]? Photometric redshift from ZFOURGE
(Straatman+ 2016, J/ApJ/830/51)
69 A1 --- q_zphot Quality of zphot (10)
71- 74 F4.2 --- zFIR [1.73/8]? FIR photometric redshift (11)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (4): Note as follows:
a = source 2 lies outside the G13 (Guo+ 2013, J/ApJS/207/24) catalog region,
so there is no entry in Zmag and Hmag; however, the source is covered
by the CANDELS data, and we measure an offset in column "SepG13".
b = Source 58 has a measured CANDELS magnitude in G13
(Guo+ 2013, J/ApJS/207/24), but it is too faint to measure an offset.
Note (5): HST ACS F850LP and WFC3 F160W magnitudes
from G13 (Guo+ 2013, J/ApJS/207/24)
Note (6): Source 19 has a negative flux in the Ks band, and the magnitude is
shown with a negative sign in the table with the numerical value
calculated from the absolute value of the flux.
Note (7): Ground-based Ks magnitude measured from the image of
Hsieh+ (2012ApJS..203...23H 2012ApJS..203...23H)
Note (8): Spitzer 4.5 and 8um magnitudes from Ashby+ (2015, J/ApJS/218/33)
Note (9): Reference as follows:
1 = our own Keck DEIMOS observations,
2 = K20 (Mignoli+ 2005, J/A+A/437/883),
3 = MOSDEF (Kriek+ 2015ApJS..218...15K 2015ApJS..218...15K),
4 = Casey+ (2012, J/ApJ/761/140),
5 = Szokoly+ (2004, J/ApJS/155/271),
6 = Inami+ (2017, J/A+A/608/A2),
7 = Kurk+ (2013, J/A+A/549/A63),
8 = F18 (B. Mobasher 2018, private communication;
G. Brammer 2018, private communication).
Note (10): We take our zphot from S16 (Straatman+ 2016, J/ApJ/830/51), who used
the EAZY code (Brammer+ 2008ApJ...686.1503B 2008ApJ...686.1503B) to fit the extensive and
current ZFOURGE catalog from 0.3 to 8um.
Of the 75 sources in the total ALMA sample, 73 have counterparts
within 1.0" in the S16 catalog, after applying the astrometric
corrections. However, a number of these are tagged with a very poor
quality flag (Q) from the EAZY code, reflecting the unusual SEDs of
these high-redshift dusty galaxies and the limited number of band
detections. If we restrict to the high-quality (Q<3) zphot, then
this gives zphot for 59 of the ALMA sources.
q = poor quality flag Q>3 estimates
Note (11): zFIR for the 59 sources with ALMA fluxes above 1.65mJy.
There is no entry for the seven excluded sources (26, 29, 37, 41, 57,
58, and 59) with probability <5% for the χ2 fits, as discussed
in Section 4.6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nomenclature note:
Sources are <[CGB2018] SMM JHHMMSS+DDMMSS> in Simbad for Table 2 and
<[CGB2018] ALMA JHHMMSS+DDMMSS> for Tables 4-5.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Cowie et al. Paper I. 2017ApJ...837..139C 2017ApJ...837..139C Cat. J/ApJ/837/139
Barger et al. Paper II. 2017ApJ...835...95B 2017ApJ...835...95B
Cowie et al. Paper III. 2018ApJ...865..106C 2018ApJ...865..106C This catalog
Barger et al. Paper IV. 2019ApJ...887...23B 2019ApJ...887...23B Cat. J/ApJ/887/23
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-May-2021