J/ApJ/868/124 ICMEs events from 1998 to 2011 with ACE and WIND (Feng+, 2018)
Statistical study of ICMEs with low mean carbon charge state plasmas detected
from 1998 to 2011.
Feng X., Yao S., Li D., Li G., Yan X.
<Astrophys. J., 868, 124 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...868..124F 2018ApJ...868..124F
ADC_Keywords: Sun
Keywords: Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ; Sun: filaments, prominences
Abstract:
We present a statistical study of 219 ICMEs measured by both ACE and
WIND from 1998 to 2011. ICME plasmas are defined as possessing cold
materials if the carbon average charge states are lower than those of
the preceding solar wind by three standard deviations and the carbon
ionic temperature is lower than 106.05K. A total of 69 ICMEs were
identified as containing cold materials. These ICMEs tend to have
speeds in the range of 300-600km/s, with durations between 2 and 6hr.
Cold materials tend to be present once or twice per ICME. We further
identify two special types of cold materials: the ionic-cold type (IC)
shows simultaneous lower average charge states of O, Mg, Si, and Fe
ions than those of the preceding solar wind, while the carbon-only
cold type (COC) shows a totally opposite trend in that these ions show
higher average charge than in the preceding solar wind. We found that
the IC has a higher proton temperature than the ICME mean value,
whereas the COC has a lower proton temperature than the ICME mean
value, and the COC is most often measured in magnetic cloud. A
detailed examination of the IC and the COC material suggests that they
are related to solar filaments. Their special mean charge indicates
that the filaments are a mixture of coronal and choromospheric
materials. Heating and collision processes beyond the carbon freeze-in
height are crucial in generating the two distinct types.
Description:
We used the magnetic field, proton temperature, proton speed, and ion
charge state distributions measured by the ACE spacecraft from 1998 to
2011. The magnetic field magnitude and its components in the
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic (GSE) coordinate system are provided by the
MFI every 16s (Smith+ 1998SSRv...86..613S 1998SSRv...86..613S). The normalized ion charge
distributions of C, O, Mg, Si, and Fe are published with a cadence of
one hour by SWICS (Gloeckler+ 1998SSRv...86..497G 1998SSRv...86..497G), and the plasma
moments are provided with a cadence of 64 s by SWEPAM
(McComas+ 1998SSRv...86..563M 1998SSRv...86..563M). All the ion charge state data is
provided by the ACE Science Center.
To minimize the effect of instrument errors and to help better
identify the MC, this work also uses WIND data.
The coronal mass ejection (CME) images observed by LASCO and UVCS on
board SOHO (Dere+ 1997SoPh..175..601D 1997SoPh..175..601D) available at
http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/ are used to analyze the initial
structures of the ICMEs detected between 1998 February and 2005 August
(Giordano+ 2013JGRA..118..967G 2013JGRA..118..967G).
After 2007 April, the CME movies observed by SECCHI and EUVI on board
STEREO available at https://secchi.nrl.navy.mil/cactus are used
(Aschwanden+ 2009SoPh..256....3A 2009SoPh..256....3A).
The ICME list used in this work is given by Cane & Richardson
(2003JGRA..108.1156C 2003JGRA..108.1156C); Richardson & Cane (2010SoPh..264..189R 2010SoPh..264..189R), and by
the ACE Science Center http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3.
Of all 319 ICME events from 1998 February to 2011 August, when the
SWICS data is available, 219 events were detected by both the WIND and
ACE spacecraft, together with the 24hr of solar wind before them.
The detailed ICME event list is shown in Table 6.
We identified 108 segments in 69 ICMEs that contain carbon-cold (CC)
material. See section 2 for further explanations.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table6.dat 67 219 The 219 interplanetary coronal mass ejections
(ICMEs) measured by both ACE and WIND
between 1998 and 2011
table7.dat 58 108 Carbon ionization temperature of carbon cold segments
table8.dat 144 108 Plasma moments of the carbon cold materials in
the ICMEs and the related CME observations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/A+A/422/337 : Solar EUV Post-Eruptive Arcades (Tripathi+, 2004)
J/A+A/440/373 : Earthbound interplanetary shocks (Howard+, 2005)
J/ApJ/709/1238 : Solar Coronal Mass Ejection (Yeates+, 2010)
J/ApJ/721/901 : Solar quiescent filament channels (Su+, 2010)
J/ApJ/759/69 : Solar electron events, 1995-2005, with WIND/3DP (Wang+, 2012)
J/ApJ/831/105 : Global energetics of solar flares. IV. CME (Aschwanden, 2016)
J/MNRAS/456/1542 : Predicting CMEs transit times (Sudar+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/219] Running sequence number of ICMEs
5- 14 A10 "Y/M/D" Shock.date UT date of the shock
16- 20 A5 "h:m" Shock.time UT time of the shock
22- 31 A10 "Y/M/D" Start.date UT ACE observation ICME start date
33- 37 A5 "h:m" Start.time UT ACE observation ICME start time
39- 48 A10 "Y/M/D" End.date UT ACE observation ICME end date
50- 54 A5 "h:m" End.time UT ACE observation ICME end time
56- 58 I3 km/s Vmin [272/706] Minimum velocity of ICME
60- 63 I4 km/s Vmax [340/1037] Maximum velocity of ICME
65- 67 A3 --- MC? Magnetic Cloud? Yes/No
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [2/219] Running sequence number of ICMEs
5- 14 A10 "Y/M/D" Start.date UT Carbon Cold start date
16- 20 A5 "h:m" Start.time UT Carbon Cold start time
22- 31 A10 "Y/M/D" End.date UT Carbon Cold end date
33- 37 A5 "h:m" End.time UT Carbon Cold end time
39- 43 A5 "h:m" Dur Carbon Cold duration
45- 47 I3 km/s Vmean [324/839] Mean velocity of Carbon Cold Segment
49- 52 F4.2 [K] logTCSW [6/6.2] CHIANTI log temperature of
carbon ions in 24h preceding solar wind
54- 58 F5.3 [K] logTCCC [5.8/6.1] CHIANTI log temperature of
carbon ions in Carbon Cold segment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [2/219] Running sequence number of ICMEs
5- 14 A10 "Y/M/D" Start.date UT date of Carbon Cold start date
16- 20 A5 "h:m" Start.time UT date of Carbon Cold start time
22- 31 A10 "Y/M/D" End.date UT date of Carbon Cold end date
33- 37 A5 "h:m" End.time UT date of Carbon Cold end time
39- 42 A4 --- Tp Proton temperature (Low/High)
44- 47 A4 --- Na Alpha particle number density (Low/High)
49- 52 A4 --- Np Proton number density (Low/High)
54- 57 A4 --- Rap Alpha to proton density ratio (Low/High)
59- 67 A9 --- Halo Halo CME? (Yes/No report/No data)
69- 77 A9 --- Core Bright core? (Yes/No report/No data)
79- 81 A3 --- Type Type (1)
83- 91 F9.2 K TpICME [10727/174755] Proton temperature in ICME
93-101 F9.2 K TpCC [8243/386546] Proton temperature in
Carbon Cold
103-107 F5.3 cm-3 NaICME [0.01/1.4] Alpha particle number density
in ICME
109-113 F5.3 cm-3 NaCC [0.008/2.5] Alpha particle number density
in Carbon Cold
115-119 F5.2 cm-3 NpICME [0.9/18.3] Proton number density in ICME
121-126 F6.3 cm-3 NpCC [0.5/24.4] Proton number density in
Carbon Cold
128-135 F8.6 --- RapICME [0.01/0.2] Alpha to proton density ratio
in ICME
137-144 F8.6 --- RapCC [0.008/0.2] Alpha to proton density ratio
in Carbon Cold
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Type as follows:
COC = Carbon-only cold material (15 occurrences)
IC = ionic-cold material (6 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 25-Oct-2019