J/ApJ/868/133 j-M relation for disk and bulge type galaxies (Fall+, 2018)
Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited: scaling relations for disks and
bulges.
Fall S.M., Romanowsky A.J.
<Astrophys. J., 868, 133 (2018)>
=2018ApJ...868..133F 2018ApJ...868..133F
ADC_Keywords: Models; Galaxies; Morphology
Keywords: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD ; galaxies: evolution ;
galaxies: fundamental parameters ; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics ;
galaxies: spiral ; galaxies: structure
Abstract:
We show that the stellar specific angular momentum j*, mass M*,
and bulge fraction β* of normal galaxies of all morphological
types are consistent with a simple model based on a linear
superposition of independent disks and bulges. In this model, disks
and bulges follow scaling relations of the form
j*d∝M*dα and j*b∝M*bα with
α=0.67±0.07 but offset from each other by a factor of 8±2
over the mass range 8.9≤log(M*/M☉)≤11.8. Separate fits for
disks and bulges alone give α=0.58±0.10 and
α=0.83±0.16, respectively. This model correctly predicts that
galaxies follow a curved 2D surface in the 3D space of log(j*),
log(M*), and β*. We find no statistically significant
indication that galaxies with classical and pseudo bulges follow
different relations in this space, although some differences are
permitted within the observed scatter and the inherent uncertainties
in decomposing galaxies into disks and bulges. As a byproduct of this
analysis, we show that the j*-M* scaling relations for
disk-dominated galaxies from several previous studies are in excellent
agreement with each other. In addition, we resolve some conflicting
claims about the β* dependence of the j*-M* scaling
relations. The results presented here reinforce and extend our earlier
suggestion that the distribution of galaxies with different β*
in the j*-M* diagram constitutes an objective, physically
motivated alternative to subjective classification schemes such as the
Hubble sequence.
Description:
Our j*-M* relation is based on a sample of 94 galaxies: 57
spirals, 14 lenticulars, and 23 ellipticals.
The main selection criterion for this sample was the availability of
photometric and kinematic data extending to large radii: 2Re in all
cases and up to 10Re in some cases (where Re is the effective or
projected half-light radius). The large radial extent of the data has
allowed us to obtain convergent estimates of j* and M* with
relatively little extrapolation beyond the outermost measurements (see
Section 3 of Paper II: Romanowsky & Fall 2012ApJS..203...17R 2012ApJS..203...17R).
Most of the surface brightness profiles of the disks and bulges of
spiral galaxies come from Kent (1986AJ.....91.1301K 1986AJ.....91.1301K,
1987AJ.....93..816K 1987AJ.....93..816K, 1988AJ.....96..514K 1988AJ.....96..514K). We estimated the bulge
fractions of lenticular and elliptical galaxies from the observed
ratios of stellar rotation velocities and velocity dispersions
v*/σ*, as calibrated by photometric decompositions (see
Appendix D of Paper II).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 58 94 Specific angular momenta, masses, and bulge
fractions of sample galaxies
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See also:
J/A+A/387/26 : Surface photometry in 7 nearby clusters (Fasano+, 2002)
J/A+A/415/63 : UBVRI surface brightness of 26 galaxies (Mollenhoff, 2004)
J/AJ/136/773 : Structure of classical bulges and pseudobulges (Fisher+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/2563 : HI Nearby Galaxy Survey, THINGS (Walter+, 2008)
J/ApJ/716/942 : Bulges of nearby galaxies with Spitzer (Fisher+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/L47 : Galaxy bulge types within 11Mpc (Fisher+, 2011)
J/ApJ/754/67 : Longslit spectroscopy of local bulges (Fabricius+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/433/2812 : ATLAS3D project. XXIII. (Krajnovic+, 2013)
J/ApJ/788/L39 : AMIGA galaxies structural parameters (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2014)
J/ApJS/219/15 : Morphologies of z=0-10 galaxies with HST data (Shibuya+, 2015)
J/A+A/591/A136 : Galaxies & QSOs FIR size and surface brightness (Lutz+, 2016)
J/A+A/592/A64 : Disk galaxies at 0.1<z<1.0 (Boehm+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/157 : Mass models for 175 disk galaxies with SPARC (Lelli+, 2016)
J/A+A/597/A48 : Stellar kinematics in CALIFA survey (Falcon-Barroso+, 2017)
J/A+A/598/A32 : 2D decomposition of CALIFA galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2017)
J/ApJ/850/15 : Mass/light ratios in low-mass early-type gal. (Pechetti+, 2017)
J/ApJ/859/2 : Fundamental stellar & halo data for local galaxies (Lapi+,2018)
J/A+A/612/L6 : j-M law from dwarf to massive spirals (Posti+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/37 : Stellar specific angular moment & mass relation (Sweet+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Galaxy Name (1)
11- 14 A4 --- TType Galaxy morphological type
16- 20 F5.2 [Msun] logM* [8.9/11.9] log of galaxy stellar mass
22- 25 F4.2 [kpc.km/s] logj* [1.6/3.7] log of galaxy stellar angular
momentum
27- 30 F4.2 --- beta* [0/1] Bulge fraction (β)
32- 41 A10 --- Bulge Bulge type, uncertain when followed by a
question mark (see section 3)
43- 58 A16 --- Ref References (2)
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Note (1): This table is a revision of Tables 3-5 in Romanowsky & Fall
(Paper II: 2012ApJS..203...17R 2012ApJS..203...17R) with the values of M*, j*, and
β* calculated as described in Fall & Romanowsky
(Paper III: 2013ApJ...769L..26F 2013ApJ...769L..26F).
Galaxies with missing colors or peculiar types are not included here.
Note (2): References for bulge types are abbreviated as follows:
B+07 = Balcells et al. (2007ApJ...665.1084B 2007ApJ...665.1084B);
C+13 = Cortesi et al. (2013MNRAS.432.1010C 2013MNRAS.432.1010C);
dS+04 = de Souza et al. (2004ApJS..153..411D 2004ApJS..153..411D);
FD08 = Fisher & Drory (2008, J/AJ/136/773);
FD10 = Fisher & Drory (2010, J/ApJ/716/942);
FD11 = Fisher & Drory (2011, J/ApJ/733/L47);
F+12 = Fabricius et al. (2012, J/ApJ/754/67);
FL+14 = Fernandez Lorenzo et al. (2014, J/ApJ/788/L39);
GH17 = Gao & Ho (2017ApJ...845..114G 2017ApJ...845..114G);
K+11 = Kormendy et al. (2011Natur.469..374K 2011Natur.469..374K);
KB11 = Kormendy & Bender (2011Natur.469..377K 2011Natur.469..377K);
KK04 = Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004ARA&A..42..603K 2004ARA&A..42..603K);
M04 = Mollenhoff (2004, J/A+A/415/63);
MA+18 = Mendez-Abreu et al. (2018MNRAS.474.1307M 2018MNRAS.474.1307M);
N+17 = Neumann et al. (2017A&A...604A..30N 2017A&A...604A..30N);
S+18 = Sweet et al. (2018, J/ApJ/860/37);
W+09 = Weinzirl et al. (2009ApJ...696..411W 2009ApJ...696..411W).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Fall S.M. Paper I. 1983IAUS..100..391F 1983IAUS..100..391F
Romanowsky & Fall Paper II. 2012ApJS..203...17R 2012ApJS..203...17R
Fall & Romanowsky Paper III. 2013ApJ...769L..26F 2013ApJ...769L..26F
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie FIX [CDS] 28-Oct-2019