J/ApJ/878/18 NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey.
XXIII. Fundamentals of nuclear star clusters over seven decades in galaxy mass.
Sanchez-Janssen R., Cote P., Ferrarese L., Peng E.W., Roediger J.,
Blakeslee J.P., Emsellem E., Puzia T.H., Spengler C., Taylor J., Alamo-
Martinez K.A., Boselli A., Cantiello M., Cuillandre J.-C., Duc P.-A.,
Durrell P., Gwyn S., MacArthur L.A., Lancon A., Lim S., Liu C., Mei S.,
Miller B., Munoz R., Mihos J.C., Paudel S., Powalka M., Toloba E.
<Astrophys. J., 878, 18 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...878...18S 2019ApJ...878...18S
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Galaxies, photometry; Magnitudes, absolute;
Photometry, ugriz
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo); galaxies: dwarf;
galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: photometry;
galaxies: star clusters: general; globular clusters: general
Abstract:
Using deep, high-resolution optical imaging from the Next Generation
Virgo Cluster Survey, we study the properties of nuclear star clusters
(NSCs) in a sample of nearly 400 quiescent galaxies in the core of
Virgo with stellar masses 105≲M*/M☉≲1012. The nucleation
fraction reaches a peak value fn∼90% for M*∼109M☉ galaxies
and declines for both higher and lower masses, but nuclei populate
galaxies as small as M*∼5x105M☉. Comparison with literature
data for nearby groups and clusters shows that at the low-mass end
nucleation is more frequent in denser environments. The NSC mass
function peaks at MNSC∼7x105M☉, a factor 3-4 times larger
than the turnover mass for globular clusters (GCs). We find a
nonlinear relation between the stellar masses of NSCs and those of
their host galaxies, with a mean nucleus-to-galaxy mass ratio that
drops to MNSC/M*∼3.6x10-3 for M*∼5x109M☉ galaxies. Nuclei
in both more and less massive galaxies are much more prominent:
MNSC∝M*0.46 at the low-mass end, where nuclei are nearly
50% as massive as their hosts. We measure an intrinsic scatter in NSC
masses at a fixed galaxy stellar mass of 0.4dex, which we interpret as
evidence that the process of NSC growth is significantly stochastic.
At low galaxy masses we find a close connection between NSCs and GC
systems, including very similar occupation distributions and
comparable total masses. We discuss these results in the context of
current dissipative and dissipationless models of NSC formation.
Description:
Detailed descriptions of the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey
(NGVS) and its associated data products are given elsewhere
(Ferrarese+ 2012ApJS..200....4F 2012ApJS..200....4F and 2016ApJ...824...10F 2016ApJ...824...10F).
All the NGVS fluxes are obtained with the MegaCam/WirCam instruments
on the CFHT (Canada France Hawaii Telescope).
Briefly, here we only use data on the core of Virgo, which for our
purposes refers to the square region roughly centered on M87 and
2°=0.58Mpc=0.37Rvir on the side. This area was imaged in the
u'griz'Ks bandpasses, and galaxies were detected using a ring median
filter algorithm optimized to extract low surface brightness objects.
Virgo members were then identified using a combination of colors and
structural and quantitative morphological parameters, which were
further complemented with a visual inspection by several members of
our team. This process resulted in a parent sample of 404 galaxies in
the core of Virgo spanning approximately seven decades in stellar
mass, 105≲M*/M☉≲1012.
In this study we are only interested in the nuclear star clusters
(NSCs) of quiescent galaxies.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 94 402 Photometry of the Next Generation Virgo Cluster
Survey (NGVS) galaxies
table5.dat 92 109 Photometry of NGVS nuclei
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/AJ/109/1086 : VI Photometry in M54 and Sgr Dwarf Galaxy (Sarajedini+ 1995)
J/A+AS/134/75 : Central Fornax Cluster. II. Galaxy spectrosc. (Hilker+ 1999)
J/ApJS/153/223 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. I. (Cote+, 2004)
J/ApJS/164/334 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI (Ferrarese+, 2006)
J/ApJS/171/101 : GCs in the ACS Virgo cluster survey (Jordan+, 2007)
J/ApJ/660/1186 : VCC galaxies classification with SDSS (Lisker+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/144 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. (Mei+, 2007)
J/A+A/483/769 : HST VI phot. of 3 globulars in M31 (Fuentes-Carrera+, 2008)
J/ApJ/681/197 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV (Peng+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/396/1075 : GC in nearby dwarf galaxies. II (Georgiev+, 2009)
J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/2385 : HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. (den Brok+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/3570 : Nuclear star clusters in 228 spiral gal. (Georgiev+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)
J/ApJ/812/34 : UCD candidates in M87/M49/M60 regions (Liu+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)
J/ApJ/802/30 : NGVS VI. Ultra-compact dwarfs in M87 (Zhang+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/457/2122 : Nuclear star clusters photometric masses (Georgiev+, 2016)
J/ApJ/858/118 : Kinematic data of 3 nearby low-mass galaxies (Nguyen+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[45].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
6- 24 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
26- 31 F6.2 mag uMAG [-21.6/-2.7] Absolute u-band magnitude
33- 36 F4.2 mag e_uMAG [0/1.5] UMAG uncertainty
38- 44 F7.2 mag gMAG [-131.1/-6.3] Absolute g-band magnitude
46- 49 F4.2 mag e_gMAG [0.01/1.4] GMAG uncertainty
51- 57 F7.2 mag rMAG [-131.1/22.5] Absolute r-band magnitude
59- 62 F4.2 mag e_rMAG [0.01/1.2] RMAG uncertainty
64- 69 F6.2 mag iMAG [-23.4/-7.1] Absolute i-band magnitude
71- 74 F4.2 mag e_iMAG [0.01/1.5] IMAG uncertainty
76- 82 F7.2 mag zMAG [-131.1/28.1] Absolute z-band magnitude
84- 87 F4.2 mag e_zMAG [0/1.5] ZMAG uncertainty
89- 92 F4.1 [Msun] logM [4.8/11.4] Log of stellar mass
94 I1 --- Nuc [0/1]? Nucleation (1=117 occurrences)
(only for Table 4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ferrarese et al. Paper I. 2012ApJS..200....4F 2012ApJS..200....4F
Paudel et al. Paper IV. 2013ApJ...767..133P 2013ApJ...767..133P
Zhu et al. Paper V. 2014ApJ...792...59Z 2014ApJ...792...59Z
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Powalka et al. Paper XXV. 2016ApJS..227...12P 2016ApJS..227...12P Cat. J/ApJS/227/12
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(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Nov-2020