J/ApJ/882/120 CfA, CSP, BSP and LOSS spec. & phot. of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2019)
The cold and dusty circumstellar matter around fast-expanding type Ia
supernovae.
Wang X., Chen J., Wang L., Hu M., Xi G., Yang Yi, Zhao X., Li W.
<Astrophys. J., 882, 120 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...882..120W 2019ApJ...882..120W
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Equivalent widths; Photometry, UBV; Surveys
Keywords: binaries: symbiotic ; scattering ; stars: circumstellar matter ;
supernovae: general
Abstract:
SNe Ia play key roles in revealing the accelerating expansion of the
universe, but our knowledge of their progenitors is still very
limited. Here we report the discovery of a rigid dichotomy in
circumstellar (CS) environments around two subclasses of SNe Ia as
defined by their distinct photospheric velocities. For the SNe Ia with
high photospheric velocities (HVs), we found a significant excess flux
in blue light 60-100 days past maximum, while this phenomenon is
absent for SNe with normal photospheric velocity. This blue excess can
be attributed to light echoes by circumstellar dust located at a
distance of about (1-2)x1017cm from the HV subclass. Moreover, we
also found that the HV SNe Ia show systematically evolving NaI
absorption line by performing a systematic search of variable NaI
absorption lines in spectra of all SNe Ia, whereas this evolution is
rarely seen in normal ones. The evolving NaI absorption can be modeled
in terms of photoionization model, with the location of the gas clouds
at a distance of about 2x1017cm, in striking agreement with the
location of CS dust inferred from B-band light-curve excess. These
observations show clearly that the progenitors of HV subclass are
likely from single-degenerate progenitor system (i.e., symbiotic
binary), while the NV subclass may arise from double-degenerate system.
Description:
The spectral samples used to measure the Na absorption features in
supernovae (SNe) Ia are primarily from the Center for Astrophysics
(CfA) Supernova Program (Riess+ 1999AJ....117..707R 1999AJ....117..707R), and the Carnegie
Supernova Project (CSP; Hamuy+ 1996, J/AJ/112/2408). The former sample
contains 2603 spectra of 462 nearby SNe Ia (Blondin+ 2012, J/AJ/143/126),
and most (94%) of which were obtained with the FAST spectrograph on
the 1.5m telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO).
The latter data set contains 604 spectra of 93 SNe Ia
(Folatelli+ 2013, J/ApJ/773/53), which were mainly obtained with the
2.5m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory.
We also used the spectra from the Berkeley Supernova Program (BSP,
Silverman & Filippenko 2012MNRAS.425.1917S 2012MNRAS.425.1917S), consisting of 1298
spectra for 582 SNe Ia, to get further classifications of our SN Ia
sample and measure the Na absorptions whenever necessary.
The spectral phases were obtained with respect to the B-band maximum
light, based on the published light curves of CfA, the Lick Observatory
Supernova Survey (LOSS, Ganeshalingam+ 2010, J/ApJS/190/418), and the
Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 80 206 Classification, spectroscopic and photometric
properties of the SN Ia sample
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See also:
B/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)
J/AJ/112/2408 : Light Curves of 29 SNe (Hamuy+ 1996)
J/ApJ/627/579 : Photometry of variables in NGC 3370 (Riess+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/527 : UBVRI light curves of 44 type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/377/1531 : Opt. & infrared photometry of SN 2004eo (Pastorello+, 2007)
J/AJ/135/1598 : Optical spectroscopy of type Ia supernovae (Matheson+, 2008)
J/ApJ/687/1201 : SN and LGRB locations in their host galaxies (Kelly+, 2008)
J/ApJ/700/331 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae (CfA3) (Hicken+, 2009)
J/ApJ/700/1097 : Light curve parameters of SN Ia (Hicken+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/L139 : Spectral parameters of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/519 : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/418 : Light curves for 165 SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2010)
J/PASP/122/1 : BVRI light curves of SN 2007gi (Zhang+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/412/1419 : Nearby supernova rates (Leaman+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/414/1617 : Classification of type Ia supernovae (Arsenijevic, 2011)
J/AJ/142/156 : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)
J/A+A/544/A81 : Supernovae and their hosts in the SDSS DR8 (Hakobyan+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/126 : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby Type Ia SNe (Blondin+, 2012)
J/ApJS/200/12 : CfA4: light curves for 94 type Ia SNe (Hicken+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/425/1819 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. II. (Silverman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/773/53 : Type Ia SNe spectroscopy by the CSP (Folatelli+, 2013)
J/other/Sci/340.170 : Classifications of 188 SNe Ia (Wang+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/2440 : SN with associated Planck CMB temperatures (Yershov+, 2014)
J/ApJ/795/142 : Defining photometric peculiar SNIa (Gonzalez-Gaitan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/805/74 : SN2014J Swift/UVOT light curves (Brown+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/13 : SNe Ia light curves for the LSQ-CSP sample (Walker+, 2015)
J/ApJS/220/20 : Si and Ca high-velocity features in SNe Ia (Zhao+, 2015)
J/ApJ/826/56 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia host gal. (Riess+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/211 : CSP (DR3): photometry of low-z SNe Ia (Krisciunas+, 2017)
J/ApJ/837/120 : LOSS revisited (Graur+, 2017)
J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNe Ia (Burns+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/499/1424 : Properties of 407 SNe and their 394 hosts (Hakobyan+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 1 I1 --- Group [1/3] Group code (1)
3- 11 A9 --- Name SN name
13- 16 A4 --- Type SN subtype (2)
18- 21 F4.2 10+4km/s vSiII [0.7/1.7] Ejecta velocity; SiII 6355Å
absorption (3)
23- 24 I2 10+2km/s e_vSiII [2/10] The 1sigma uncertainty in vSiII
26- 29 F4.2 mag Delm15B [0.6/2.1] B band magnitude 15 days
from maximum
31- 32 I2 10-2mag e_Delm15B [2/18] The 1sigma uncertainty in Delm15B
34- 38 F5.2 mag (B-V)max [-0.1/1.5] The (B-V) color at maximum light
40- 41 I2 10-2mag e_(B-V)max [2/10] The 1sigma uncertainty in (B-V)max
43 A1 --- l_EW Limit flag on EW
45- 48 F4.2 0.1nm EW [0/5.5]? Weighted equivalent width (4)
50- 51 I2 10-3nm e_EW [5/53]? The 1sigma uncertainty in EW
53- 56 F4.2 mag Delm60B [2.9/4]? B band magnitude 60 days
from B maximum
58- 59 I2 mag e_Delm60B [2/34]? The 1sigma uncertainty in Delm60B
61- 64 F4.2 mag Delm60V [2.1/3.3]? V band magnitude 60 days
from B maximum
66- 67 I2 mag e_Delm60V [2/29]? The 1sigma uncertainty in Delm60V
69- 80 A12 --- Ref Reference code(s) (5)
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Note (1): Code as follows:
1 = Branch normal (166 occurrences);
2 = Peculiar 91T-like Subclass (25 occurrences);
3 = Peculiar 91bg-like Subclass (15 occurrences).
Note (2): Based on the Si II velocity at around the maximum light
(Wang+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/L139). SN subtypes as follows:
91T = Peculiar 91T-like subclass (25 occurrences)
91bg = Peculiar 91bg-like subclass (15 occurrences)
HV = high-velocity subclass (54 occurrences)
NV = normal-velocity subclass (112 occurrences)
Note (3): In the near-maximum-light spectra, estimated using multiple-gaussian
technique described in Zhao+ (2015, J/ApJS/220/20).
Note (4): Of NaI absorption over the period 0≲t≲30 days whenever possible.
Note (5): Reference as follows:
1 = Barbon et al. (1989A&A...220...83B 1989A&A...220...83B);
2 = Wells et al. (1994AJ....108.2233W 1994AJ....108.2233W);
3 = Silverman et al. (2012MNRAS.425.1917S 2012MNRAS.425.1917S);
4 = Blondin et al. (2012, J/AJ/143/126);
5 = Riess et al. (1999AJ....117..707R 1999AJ....117..707R);
6 = Riess et al. (2005, J/ApJ/627/579);
7 = Jha et al. (2006ApJ...527..131J 2006ApJ...527..131J);
8 = Matheson et al. (2008, J/AJ/135/1598);
9 = Jha et al. (1999ApJS..125...73J 1999ApJS..125...73J);
10 = Ganeshelingam et al. (2010, J/ApJS/190/418);
11 = Hicken et al. (2009, J/ApJ/700/331);
12 = Kotak et al. (2005A&A...436.1021K 2005A&A...436.1021K);
13 = Stanishev et al. (2007A&A...469..645S 2007A&A...469..645S);
14 = Krisciunas et al. (2007AJ....133...58K 2007AJ....133...58K);
15 = Altavilla et al. (2005A&A...475..585A 2005A&A...475..585A);
16 = Contreras et al. (2010, J/AJ/139/519),
Krisciunas et al. (2017, J/AJ/154/211);
17 = Pastorello et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/377/1531);
18 = Folatelli et al. (2013, J/ApJ/773/53);
19 = Wang et al. (2009ApJ...697..380W 2009ApJ...697..380W);
20 = Wang et al. (2008ApJ...675..626W 2008ApJ...675..626W);
21 = Stritzinger et al. (2011, J/AJ/142/156),
Krisciunas et al. (2017, J/AJ/154/211);
22 = Zhang et al. (2010, J/PASP/122/1);
23 = Hicken et al. (2012, J/ApJS/200/12);
24 = Yuan et al. (2008CBET.1513....1Y 2008CBET.1513....1Y);
25 = Zhang et al. (2016ApJ...820...67Z 2016ApJ...820...67Z);
26 = Brown et al. (2015, J/ApJ/805/74);
27 = Zhang et al. (2018MNRAS.481..878Z 2018MNRAS.481..878Z);
28 = Filippenko (1992ApJ...384L..15F 1992ApJ...384L..15F);
29 = Lira et al. (1998AJ....115..234L 1998AJ....115..234L);
30 = Filippenko et al. (1992AJ....104.1543F 1992AJ....104.1543F);
31 = Taubenberger et al. (2008MNRAS.385...75T 2008MNRAS.385...75T).
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(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Feb-2021