J/ApJ/887/196 REQUIEM survey. I. Lyα halos around QSOs (Farina+, 2019)
The REQUIEM survey.
I. A search for extended Lyα nebular emission around 31 z>5.7 quasars.
Farina E.P., Arrigoni-Battaia F., Costa T., Walter F., Hennawi J.F.,
Drake A.B., Decarli R., Gutcke T.A., Mazzucchelli C., Neeleman M.,
Georgiev I., Eilers A.-C., Davies F.B., Banados E., Fan X., Onoue M.,
Schindler J.-T., Venemans B.P., Wang F., Yang J., Rabien S., Busoni L.
<Astrophys. J., 887, 196 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...887..196F 2019ApJ...887..196F
ADC_Keywords: QSOs; Redshifts; Magnitudes, absolute; Intergalactic medium;
Spectra, ultraviolet; Optical
Keywords: Quasars ; Cosmology ; Early universe ; Circumgalactic medium
Abstract:
The discovery of quasars a few hundred megayears after the Big Bang
represents a major challenge to our understanding of black holes as
well as galaxy formation and evolution. Quasars' luminosity is
produced by extreme gas accretion onto black holes, which have already
reached masses of MBH>109M☉ by z∼6. Simultaneously, their
host galaxies form hundreds of stars per year, using up gas in the
process. To understand which environments are able to sustain the
rapid formation of these extreme sources, we started a Very Large
Telescope/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) effort aimed at
characterizing the surroundings of a sample of 5.7<z<6.6 quasars,
which we have dubbed the Reionization Epoch QUasar InvEstigation with
MUSE (REQUIEM) survey. We here present results of our searches for
extended Lyα halos around the first 31 targets observed as part
of this program. Reaching 5σ surface brightness limits of
0.1-1.1x10-17erg/s/cm2/arcsec2 over a 1arcsec2 aperture, we
were able to unveil the presence of 12 Lyα nebulae, eight of
which are newly discovered. The detected nebulae show a variety of
emission properties and morphologies with luminosities ranging from
8x1042 to 2x1044erg/s, FWHMs between 300 and 1700km/s, sizes
<30pkpc, and redshifts consistent with those of the quasar host
galaxies. As the first statistical and homogeneous investigation of
the circumgalactic medium of massive galaxies at the end of the
reionization epoch, the REQUIEM survey enables the study of the
evolution of the cool gas surrounding quasars in the first 3Gyr of the
universe. A comparison with the extended Lyα emission observed
around bright (M1450≲-25mag) quasars at intermediate redshift
indicates little variations on the properties of the cool gas from z∼6
to z∼3, followed by a decline in the average surface brightness down
to z∼2.
Description:
Observations of the quasars in our sample have been collected with the
Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument on the VLT
telescope YEPUN as a part of the ESO programs:
60.A-9321(A, Science Verification), 094.B-0893(A, PI: Venemans),
095.B-0419(A, PI: Roche), 095.A-0714(A, PI: Karman),
099.A-0682(A, PI: Farina), 0101.A-0656(A, PI: Farina),
0103.A-0562(A, PI: Farina), and 297.A-5054(A, PI: Decarli).
Typically, the total time on target was ∼50 minutes, divided into two
exposures of 1482s differentiated by a <5" shift and a 90° rotation.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 91 31 Quasars observed with MUSE
table5.dat 114 161 *Ly-Alpha nebulae associated to quasars
from the literature
refs.dat 52 47 References
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Note on table5.dat: The data are homogenized to the same cosmology, i.e the
standard LCDM cosmology ΩM=0.3, ΩΛ=0.7,
H0=70km/s/Mpc.
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See also:
B/eso : ESO Science Archive Catalog (ESO, 1991-2021)
J/ApJ/651/61 : Opt. thick absorbers near luminous quasars (Hennawi+, 2006)
J/ApJ/667/79 : Lyα emission-line galaxies at z=3.1 (Gronwall+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2222 : Clustering of high-redshift QSOs from SDSS (Shen+, 2007)
J/ApJ/714/1521 : Spectroscopy of galaxies around distant QSOs (Chen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/724/L176 : MgII absorbing gas around galaxies (Chen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/779/87 : MAGIICAT. III. Virial masses (Churchill+, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/114 : MAGIICAT. I. MgII Absorber-Galaxy Catalog (Nielsen+, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/136 : QPQ VI. HI absorption of z∼2 quasars (Prochaska+, 2013)
J/ApJ/762/L19 : Quasar pairs spectroscopy (Prochaska+, 2013)
J/ApJ/796/140 : Circumgalactic medium around z∼2 QSOs (Prochaska+, 2014)
J/A+A/575/A75 : MUSE 3D view of HDF-S (Bacon+, 2015)
J/A+A/575/A31 : SED of QSO J1120+064 (Barnett+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/452/2553 : Sample of foreground-background QSO pairs (Johnson+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/449/4204 : WFC3/UVIS quasar-stacked spectrum at z≃2.4 (Lusso+, 2015)
J/ApJS/227/11 : PS1 z>5.6 quasars follow-up (Banados+, 2016)
J/ApJ/831/7 : SDSS-RM project: peak velocities of QSOs (Shen+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/51 : FourStar galaxy evolution survey (ZFOURGE) (Straatman+, 2016)
J/ApJ/845/172 : LAE candidates around bright Lyα blobs (Badescu+, 2017)
J/A+A/608/A8 : MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. VIII (Leclercq+, 2017)
J/A+A/620/A202 : MAMMOTH-1 450 and 850um images (Arrigoni Battaia+, 2018)
J/ApJ/859/53 : Lyα cand. from a MUSE survey of 6 AGNs (Marino+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Name Quasar identifier
12- 13 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
18- 23 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
25 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
29- 30 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
32- 36 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
38- 43 F6.4 --- z [5.77/6.62] Redshift measured from the
[CII]158um emission lines by
Decarli+ (2018ApJ...854...97D 2018ApJ...854...97D)
-- unless flagged
45- 50 F6.4 --- e_z [0.0001/0.05] z uncertainty
52 A1 --- f_z Flag on z (1)
54- 59 F6.2 mag 1450Mag [-29.1/-22.5] Absolute 1450Å band
magnitude
61- 71 A11 --- PID Program ID
73- 77 I5 s Exp [2964/40950] Exposure time
79- 82 F4.2 arcsec Qual [0.5/1.3] Image quality (seeing) (2)
84- 91 E8.3 mW/m2/arcsec2 SB [8e-19/1.5e-17] 5σ surface
brightness limits
in erg/s/cm2/arcsec2 units (2)
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Note (1): Flag on z as follows:
a = [CII] 158um redshift from Venemans+ (2013ApJ...779...24V 2013ApJ...779...24V).
b = [CII] 158um redshift from Mazzucchelli+ (2017ApJ...849...91M 2017ApJ...849...91M).
c = [CII] 158um redshift from Banados+ (2015ApJ...805L...8B 2015ApJ...805L...8B).
d = [CII] 158um redshift from Willott+ (2013ApJ...770...13W 2013ApJ...770...13W).
e = [CII] 158um redshift from Willott+ (2017ApJ...850..108W 2017ApJ...850..108W).
f = [CII] 158um redshift from Wang+ (2016ApJ...830...53W 2016ApJ...830...53W).
g = Redshift derived by De Rosa+ (2011ApJ...739...56D 2011ApJ...739...56D) from the fit of
the MgII broad emission line.
h = [CII] 158um redshift from Willott+ (2015ApJ...801..123W 2015ApJ...801..123W).
i = [CII] 158um redshift from Izumi+ (2018PASJ...70...36I 2018PASJ...70...36I).
j = [CII] 158um redshift from Wang+ (2013ApJ...773...44W 2013ApJ...773...44W).
k = The [CII] 158um emission of P340-18 was not detected in eight-minute ALMA
integration by Decarli+ (2018ApJ...854...97D 2018ApJ...854...97D). We report the redshift
inferred from the observed optical spectrum by
Banados+ (2016, J/ApJS/227/11).
l = Redshift derived by Roche+ (2014MNRAS.443.3795R 2014MNRAS.443.3795R) from the measurement
of the Lyα line.
m = Izumi+ (2018PASJ...70...36I 2018PASJ...70...36I) report a slightly different (but consistent
within the error) [CII] 158um redshift for J1152+0055: z=6.3637±0.0005.
Note (2): Seeing and 5σ surface brightness limits have been estimated
on pseudo-narrowband images obtained by collapsing five wavelength
channels (for a total of 6.25Å) at the expected location of the Lyα
emission of the quasars.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 20 A20 -- Name Common ID of the quasar or
of the Ly-Alpha nebula
22- 27 A6 -- Type Type of association for the nebula (1)
29- 34 F6.4 -- z [1.979/6.62] Redshift of the quasar
36- 40 F5.1 kpc dLya [11/460] Maximum diameter distance of
the Ly-Alpha emission
41 A1 --- f_dLya a: area of the source (2)
43- 48 F6.3 10+36W Lum [0.13/62.8]?=-1 Total Luminosity of the
Ly-Alpha extended emission in 1043erg/s units
50-114 A65 -- Ref References for the detection
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Note (1): The nebula is associated with:
QSO-RL = a radio-loud quasar (36 occurrences),
QSO = a radio-quiet quasar (120 occurrences), or
[234]*QSO = with a system of multiple quasars (5 occurrences).
Note (2): Flag as follows:
a = Value calculated assuming a circular source, i.e., dLyα is the
diameter of a circle with area equal to the area of the source.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 A18 -- Ref Reference code
21- 39 A19 -- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
41- 52 A12 -- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-May-2021