J/ApJ/887/20 Deep Chandra survey of the SMC. III. HMXBs (Antoniou+, 2019)
Deep Chandra survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud.
III. Formation efficiency of high-mass X-ray binaries.
Antoniou V., Zezas A., Drake J.J., Badenes C., Haberl F., Wright N.J.,
Hong J., Di Stefano R., Gaetz T.J., Long K.S., Plucinsky P.P., Sasaki M.,
Williams B.F., Winkler P.F.
<Astrophys. J., 887, 20 (2019)>
=2019ApJ...887...20A 2019ApJ...887...20A
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds; Binaries, X-ray; Photometry, VRI; Surveys
Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; High-mass X-ray binary stars ; Massive stars
Abstract:
We have compiled the most complete census of high-mass X-ray binaries
(HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud with the aim to investigate the
formation efficiency of young accreting binaries in its
low-metallicity environment. In total, we use 123 X-ray sources with
detections in our Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP), supplemented
by 14 additional (likely and confirmed) HMXBs identified by
Haberl & Sturm (2016, J/A+A/586/A81) that fall within the XVP area,
but are neither detected in our survey (nine sources) nor matched with
any of the 127 sources identified in the XVP data (five sources).
Specifically, we examine the number ratio of the HMXBs [N(HMXBs)] to
(a) the number of OB stars, (b) the local star formation rate (SFR),
and (c) the stellar mass produced during the specific star formation
burst, all as a function of the age of their parent stellar
populations. Each of these indicators serves a different role, but in
all cases we find that the HMXB formation efficiency increases as a
function of time (following a burst of star formation) up to
∼40-60Myr, and then gradually decreases. The formation efficiency
peaks at ∼30-40Myr with average rates of
N(HMXB)/SFR=339-83+78(M☉/yr)-1, and
N(HMXB)/M*=(8.74-0.92+1.0)x10-6M☉-1, in good agreement
with previous estimates of the average formation efficiency in the
broad ∼20-60Myr age range.
Description:
To study the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) populations in the Small
Magellanic Cloud (SMC) in detail, we have been awarded a deep Chandra
X-ray Visionary Project (XVP) Program to perform a comprehensive
survey of 11 fields, to a depth of 100ks exposure, selected to
represent young (<100Myr) stellar populations of different ages. These
observations were performed from 2012 December to 2014 February,
utilizing the ACIS-I imaging mode.
In addition, we also analyzed three archival observations reaching the
same 100ks depth. Two of these fields (PI A. Zezas; observed in 2006)
overlap partially with fields from the XVP survey, and the third is
centered on NGC 346 (PI M. Corcoran; observed in 2001).
To identify the HMXBs in the complete source catalog, we
cross-correlated the locations of 2393 X-ray sources with the
OGLE-III catalog of stars in the SMC (Udalski+ 2008AcA....58..329U 2008AcA....58..329U).
See Section 3.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 141 123 Optical photometric properties of the HMXB sample
detected in the Chandra XVP survey
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See also:
B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)
II/322 : OGLE-III. Magellanic Clouds stellar proper motions (Poleski+, 2012)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IX/57 : The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC), Release 2.0 (Evans+, 2019)
J/AcA/49/437 : BVI photometry of OGLE SMC Cepheids (Udalski+, 1999)
J/A+AS/142/41 : SMC X-ray sources ROSAT PSPC catalogue (Haberl+, 2000)
J/A+AS/147/75 : ROSAT HRI catalogue of SMC X-ray sources (Sasaki+, 2000)
J/AJ/123/855 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: SMC (Zaritsky+, 2002)
J/PASJ/55/161 : ASCA sources in the SMC (Yokogawa+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/1531 : Star formation history of SMC (Harris+, 2004)
J/ApJS/161/118 : byHα photometry in open clusters (McSwain+, 2005)
J/A+A/472/577 : NGC 330 Be stars and binaries (Martayan+, 2007)
J/A+A/462/683 : Velocities in SMC field of NGC 330 (Martayan+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/388/1198 : Be/X-ray binaries in Small Magellanic Cloud (McBride+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/330 : Chandra Small Magellanic Cloud Wing Survey (McGowan+, 2008)
J/ApJ/697/1695 : The Chandra survey of the SMC "Bar". II. (Antoniou+, 2009)
J/AJ/138/1003 : IR photometry of massive LMC stars (Bonanos+, 2009)
J/AJ/140/416 : IR photometry of massive stars in the SMC (Bonanos+, 2010)
J/ApJ/716/1217 : Chandra SMC deep field sources (Laycock+, 2010)
J/AcA/61/199 : OGLE3 Magellanic Clouds High PM stars (Poleski+, 2011)
J/A+A/545/A128 : SMC XMM-Newton images (Haberl+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)
J/AcA/63/323 : OGLE-III SMC eclipsing binary stars (Pawlak+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)
J/A+A/558/A3 : XMM-Newton point-source catalogue of the SMC (Sturm+, 2013)
J/A+A/562/A125 : OGLE-III SMC massive stars VI LCs (Kourniotis+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)
J/A+A/586/A81 : High-mass X-ray binaries in the SMC (Haberl+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/7 : Evolution of ∼6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)
J/ApJ/884/20 : OGLE-III Miras in the Magellanic Clouds (Bhardwaj+, 2019)
J/ApJ/886/61 : OGLE-III, MCPS and HST VI obs. of LMC & SMC (Yuan+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/123] Running sequence number
5- 11 A7 --- CField Chandra XVP field identifier
13- 15 I3 --- ID [3/281] Source identifier within Field
17- 34 A18 --- CXOU Chandra source name (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
36- 44 F9.6 deg RAXdeg X-ray right ascension (J2000)
46- 55 F10.6 deg DEXdeg X-ray declination (J2000)
57- 61 F5.2 arcsec errPos [0.29/17.6] Relative X-ray positional error
63- 65 I3 --- OField [100/125] OGLE-III field identifier
67 I1 --- OsF [1/8] OGLE-III subfield identifier
69- 73 I5 --- DB [4/65784] OGLE-III database number
75- 76 I2 h RAOh Optical hour of right ascension (J2000)
78- 79 I2 min RAOm Optical minute of right ascension (J2000)
81- 85 F5.2 s RAOs Optical second of right ascension (J2000)
87 A1 --- DEO- Optical sign of declination (J2000)
88- 89 I2 deg DEOd Optical degree of declination (J2000)
91- 92 I2 arcmin DEOm Optical arcminute of declination (J2000)
94- 97 F4.1 arcsec DEOs Optical arcsecond of declination (J2000)
99- 104 F6.3 mag Vmag [13.8/17.91] OGLE V band magnitude
106- 110 F5.3 mag e_Vmag [0.003/0.4] Uncertainty on the Vmag
112- 117 F6.3 mag Imag [13.99/18] OGLE I band magnitude
119- 123 F5.3 mag e_Imag [0.006/0.5] Uncertainty on the Imag
125- 130 F6.3 mag V-I [-0.3/0.6] V-I color index
132- 136 F5.3 mag e_V-I [0.007/0.6] V-I uncertainty
138- 141 F4.1 arcsec Sep [0.1/12] Offset between the X-ray and optical
source positions
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Hong et al. Paper II. 2017ApJ...847...26H 2017ApJ...847...26H
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-May-2021