J/ApJ/890/128 NGVS. XIV. Bona fide Virgo cluster members (Ferrarese+, 2020)
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS).
XIV. The Discovery of low-mass galaxies and a new galaxy catalog in the core of
the Virgo cluster.
Ferrarese L., Cote P., MacArthur L.A., Durrell P.R., Gwyn S.D.J., Duc P.-A.,
Sanchez-Janssen R., Santos M., Blakeslee J.P., Boselli A., Boyer F.,
Cantiello M., Courteau S., Cuillandre J.-C., Emsellem E., Erben T.,
Gavazzi G., Guhathakurta P., Huertas-Company M., Jordan A., Lancon A.,
Liu C., Mei S., Mihos J.C., Peng E.W., Puzia T.H., Roediger J., Schade D.,
Taylor J.E., Toloba E., Zhang H.
<Astrophys. J., 890, 128 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...890..128F 2020ApJ...890..128F
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Photometry, ugriz; Cross identifications;
Morphology
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo) ;
galaxies: distances and redshifts ;
galaxies: fundamental parameters ; galaxies: nuclei ;
galaxies: stellar content ; galaxies: structure
Abstract:
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) was designed to
provide a deep census of baryonic structures in the Virgo cluster. The
survey covers the 104deg2 area from the core of Virgo out to one
virial radius, in the u*griz bandpasses, to a point-source depth of
g∼25.9mag (10σ) and a single pixel surface brightness limit of
µg∼29mag/arcsec2 (2σ above the sky). Here we present the
final catalog of 404 Virgo galaxies located within a 3.71deg2
(0.3Mpc2) region centered on M87, Virgo's dominant galaxy. Of these,
154 were previously uncataloged and span the range 17.8mag<g<23.7mag
(-13.4mag<Mg<-7.4mag at the 16.5Mpc distance of Virgo). Extensive
simulations show that the NGVS catalog is complete down to g=18.6mag
(Mg=-12.5mag, corresponding to a stellar mass M∼1.6x107M☉
for an old stellar population), and 50% complete at g=22.0mag
(Mg=-9.1mag, M∼6.2x105M☉). The NGVS 50% completeness limit
is 3mag deeper than that of the Virgo Cluster Catalog (VCC), which has
served as Virgo's reference standard for over a quarter century, and
2mag deeper than the VCC detection limit. We discuss the procedure
adopted for the identification of objects and the criteria used to
assess cluster membership. For each of the 404 galaxies in the NGVS
Virgo Cluster core catalog, we present photometric and structural
parameters based on a nonparametric curve-of-growth and isophotal
analysis, as well as parametric (Sersic, double-Sersic, and/or
core-Sersic) fits to the one-dimensional surface brightness profiles
and two-dimensional light distributions.
Description:
A detailed description of the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey
(NGVS) --including field placement, observing strategy, data-reduction
pipeline, data quality and depth, as well as an exposition of the
survey's science goals and a discussion of imaging and spectroscopic
follow-up programs-- was provided in Paper I
(Ferrarese+ 2012ApJS..200....4F 2012ApJS..200....4F).
Briefly, the survey covers an area of 104deg2 and was tiled with 117
CFHT/MegaCam pointings overlapping by 3', each imaging (after stacking
multiple dithered exposures) an area of 1°x1°. Each field was
observed in four MegaCam filters (u*, g, i, z) whose bandpasses, with
the exception of u*, closely (but not exactly) resemble those of their
SDSS counterparts. See Section 2 for further details.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 108 404 NGVS Virgo core region galaxies: basic parameters
table5.dat 98 404 NGVS core region galaxies: photometric parameters
table6.dat 81 404 NGVS Virgo core region galaxies: structural
parameters
table7.dat 54 404 NGVS core region galaxies: galaxy colors
table8.dat 119 110 NGVS bona fide Virgo members and
spurious/background objects previously reported
in the literature cross identifications
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
J/AJ/90/1681 : The Virgo Cluster Catalog (VCC) (Binggeli+, 1985)
J/AJ/100/1091 : UBR photometry of 39 elliptical galaxies (Peletier+ 1990)
J/MNRAS/333/423 : Luminosity function of the Virgo Cluster (Trentham+, 2002)
J/MNRAS/335/712 : R magnitude of cluster of galaxies (Trentham+, 2002)
J/MNRAS/357/819 : Colours and HI line observations in Virgo (Sabatini+, 2005)
J/ApJS/164/334 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI (Ferrarese+, 2006)
J/A+A/470/821 : BLOX Cluster catalog (Dietrich+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/144 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. (Mei+, 2007)
J/A+A/538/A69 : Virgo early-type galaxies optical properties (Lieder+, 2012)
J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/22 : The Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC) (Kim+, 2014)
J/A+A/569/A124 : GUViCS. Ultraviolet Source Catalogs (Voyer+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/446/120 : ATLAS3D project. XXIX (Duc+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/34 : UCD candidates in M87/M49/M60 regions (Liu+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/456/1607 : LSBVCC galaxy sample (Davies+, 2016)
J/ApJ/878/18 : NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)
http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~lff/NGVS/ : NGVS home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
5- 23 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
25- 35 F11.7 deg RAdeg [186.58/188.54] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
37- 46 F10.7 deg DEdeg [11.50/13.45] Declination (J2000) (1)
48- 49 I2 h RACh [12/12] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
51- 52 I2 min RACm [26/34] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
54- 58 F5.2 s RACs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
60 A1 --- DEC- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000) (1)
61- 62 I2 deg DECd [11/13] Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
64- 65 I2 arcmin DECm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (1)
67- 70 F4.1 arcsec DECs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (1)
72 I1 --- Mm [0/2]? Membership class code (G1)
74- 77 I4 --- VCC [892/1541]? VCC identifier (2)
79- 84 F6.1 km/s Vel [-690/2585]? Systemic velocity
86- 90 F5.1 km/s e_Vel [0.9/730]? Uncertainty in Vel
92- 95 A4 --- r_Vel Reference for Vel (3)
97-101 F5.3 mag E(B-V) [0.019/0.05] Galactic reddening (4)
103-106 F4.2 arcsec FWHM [0.58/0.86] Full-Width at Half-Maximum
of PSF (5)
108 I1 --- Det [0/3]? Detection code (6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Of the isophotal center.
Note (2): For galaxies also catalogued by Binggeli, Sandage &
Tammann (1985, J/AJ/90/1681).
Note (3): When multiple sources of velocity are available, we quote, in order
of preference, the velocity from SDSS, Keck, MMT, and EVCC.
Code as follows:
Keck = Guhathakurta et al., in preparation;
MMT = Peng et al., in preparation;
SDSS = Data Release 10 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (see V/147);
EVCC = Kim+ 2014, J/ApJS/215/22
Note (4): Following Schlegel+ (1998ApJ...500..525S 1998ApJ...500..525S). The
extinction coefficients adopted to correct each band are
Ag/E(B-V)=3.560, A(u*)/E(B-V)=4.594, A(r)/E(B-V)=2.464,
A(i)/E(B-V)=1.813 and A(z)/E(B-V)=1.221.
Note (5): Determined at the location of the galaxy centre as described in
Section 4, step 4.
Note (6): Code as follows:
0 = galaxy detected and fitted by VCands;
1 = galaxy detected by VCands but for which the GalFit fit failed;
2 = galaxy identified visually but not detected by VCands;
field3 = galaxy brighter than g∼16mag, which are excluded a priori
by VCands (see Section 3).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
5- 23 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
25 I1 --- Mm [0/2]? Membership class code (G1)
27- 31 F5.2 mag gmagCG [8.88/23.71] Curve of Growth total
g band magnitude (7)
33- 36 F4.1 --- C80/20 [2/29.2]? Curve of Growth concentration (8)
38- 42 F5.1 arcsec reCG [1.3/105] Curve of Growth effective radius
44- 48 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mue [18.9/29.7] Curve of Growth surface
brightness at reCG (7)
50- 54 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mueMed [17.8/31] Median Curve of Growth surface
brightness within reCG (7)
56- 60 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mu0 [15.7/42.6] Curve of Growth surface
brightness at central location (7)
62- 66 F5.2 mag gmagS [8.5/23.8] Sersic fit g band magnitude;
integrated to infinity (7)
68- 70 F3.1 --- n [0.2/5.4] Sersic value
72- 77 F6.2 arcsec reS [1.2/214] Sersic fit effective radius
79- 83 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mueS [18.8/29.8] Sersic fit effective surface
brightness at reS (7)
85- 89 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mueSMed [17.5/29.1] Median Sersic fit effective
surface brightness with reS (7)
91- 91 I1 --- Nuc [0/2]? Nuclear identifier (9)
92- 92 A1 --- u_Nuc [:] Uncertainty flag on Nuc
94- 98 F5.2 mag gmagNuc [12.4/26.2]? Sersic fit g band nucleus
magnitude (10)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (7): Magnitudes and surface brightnesses are not corrected for
Galactic extinction.
Note (8): Defined as the ratio between the radii containing 80% and 20%
of the total light.
Note (9): Code as follows:
0 = non-nucleated galaxies (Sersic fit);
1 = nucleated galaxies (double Sersic fit);
2 = galaxies with a nucleus offset from the center of the
isophotes (double Sersic fit).
For nucleated galaxies, the Sersic index refers to the model best
fitting the main body of the galaxy, but gmagS, reS, mueS, and <mueS>
account for both components.
Note (10): When it can be reliably derived from the parametric fits.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
5- 23 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
26 I1 --- Mm [0/2]? Membership class code (G1)
28- 31 F4.2 --- epsT [0.03/0.7] Typhon average ellipticity
33- 36 F4.2 --- e_epsT [0.01/0.3]? Standard deviation in mean in epsT
38- 42 F5.1 deg thetaT [-89.8/89.1]? Typhon position angle
44- 47 F4.1 deg e_thetaT [0.1/87]? Standard deviation in mean in thetaT
49- 54 F6.2 --- B4T [-12.6/4.2]? Typhon average B4 coefficient *100
56- 60 F5.2 --- e_B4T [0.1/11]? Standard deviation in mean in B4T
62- 65 F4.2 --- epsGF [0.01/1]? GalFit average ellipticity (11)
67- 70 F4.2 --- e_epsGF [0.01/2]? Standard deviation in mean in epsGF
72- 76 F5.1 deg thetaGF [-89.5/90]? GalFit position angle (11)
78- 81 F4.1 deg e_thetaGF [0.1/90]? Standard deviation in mean in thetaGF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (11): Since GalFit does not allow for radial variations in either
parameter, the values are those best describing the overall luminosity
distribution and the errors are the formal errors returned by the
code.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
5- 23 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
25 I1 --- Mm [0/2]? Membership class code (G1)
27- 31 F5.2 mag gmag [8.88/23.71] The g band magnitude
33- 36 F4.2 mag u*-g [0.46/4.43] The (u*-g) color index
38- 42 F5.2 mag g-r [-0.2/1.1]? The (g-r) color index
44- 48 F5.2 mag g-i [-0.35/1.2] The (g-i) color index
50- 54 F5.2 mag g-z [-0.83/1.72]? The (g-z) color index
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [NGVS]
6- 24 A19 --- NGVS NGVS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
26- 27 I2 h RAh [12]? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
29- 30 I2 min RAm [26/34]? Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
32- 35 F4.1 s RAs ? Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
36 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000) (1)
37- 38 I2 deg DEd [11/13]? Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
40- 41 I2 arcmin DEm ? Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (1)
43- 44 I2 arcsec DEs ? Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (1)
46- 61 A16 --- OID Other identifier(s) (2)
66-119 A54 --- Note Note (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The objects reported without NGVS ID are not deemed to be Virgo
members (except for L42) based on our analysis and the coordinates are
as reported in the original publication.
Note (2): Reference to refereed papers that previously reported the same
galaxy, coded as:
V = Impey et al. (1988ApJ...330..634I 1988ApJ...330..634I),
L = Lieder et al. (2012, J/A+A/538/A69),
EVCC = Kim et al. (2014, J/ApJS/215/22),
TH = Trentham & Hodgkin (2002, J/MNRAS/333/423),
TT = Trentham & Tully (2002, J/MNRAS/335/712),
S = Sabatini et al. (2003MNRAS.341..981S 2003MNRAS.341..981S),
M- = Mihos et al. (2015ApJ...809L..21M 2015ApJ...809L..21M), and
VCC = Binggeli et al. (1985, J/AJ/90/1681); only for the three VCC Virgo
galaxies in the core region that we do not believe to be Virgo
members). Cross IDs between the NGVS and the VCC are given in Table 4.
Note (3): "Spurious" refers to objects at which location no sources at all
can be identified in the NGVS images.
"Background Source" refers to galaxies not classified as a Virgo
member based on the NGVS photometry and morphology. For six of these,
redshift information is available and confirms the background
classification, as shown in the table.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Membership code as follows:
0 = certain member (173 occurrences);
1 = likely member (103 occurrences);
2 = possible member (128 occurrences).
See Section 3 for further explanations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ferrarese et al. Paper I. 2012ApJS..200....4F 2012ApJS..200....4F
Paudel et al. Paper IV. 2013ApJ...767..133P 2013ApJ...767..133P
Zhu et al. Paper V. 2014ApJ...792...59Z 2014ApJ...792...59Z
Zhang et al. Paper VI. 2015ApJ...802...30Z 2015ApJ...802...30Z Cat. J/ApJ/802/30
Sanchez-Janssen et al. Paper VII. 2016ApJ...820...69S 2016ApJ...820...69S
Durrell et al. Paper VIII. 2014ApJ...794..103D 2014ApJ...794..103D
Grossauer et al. Paper IX. 2015ApJ...807...88G 2015ApJ...807...88G
Liu et al. Paper X. 2015ApJ...812...34L 2015ApJ...812...34L Cat. J/ApJ/812/34
Raichoor et al. Paper XI. 2014ApJ...797..102R 2014ApJ...797..102R
Guerou et al. Paper XII. 2015ApJ...804...70G 2015ApJ...804...70G
Ferrarese et al. Paper XIII. 2016ApJ...824...10F 2016ApJ...824...10F
Ferrarese et al. Paper XIV. 2020ApJ...890..128F 2020ApJ...890..128F This catalog
Raichoor et al. Paper XV. 2014ApJ...797..102R 2014ApJ...797..102R
Toloba et al. Paper XVI. 2016ApJ...822...51T 2016ApJ...822...51T
Sun et al. Paper XVII. 2019ApJ...885..145S 2019ApJ...885..145S
Cantiello et al. Paper XVIII. 2018ApJ...856..126C 2018ApJ...856..126C
Lokhorst et al. Paper XIX. 2016ApJ...819..124L 2016ApJ...819..124L
Licitra et al. Paper XX. 2016ApJ...829...44L 2016ApJ...829...44L Cat. J/ApJ/829/44
Parroni et al. Paper XXI. 2017ApJ...848..114P 2017ApJ...848..114P
Paudel et al. Paper XXII. 2017ApJ...834...66P 2017ApJ...834...66P
Sanchez-Janssen et al. Paper XXIII. 2019ApJ...878...18S 2019ApJ...878...18S Cat. J/ApJ/878/18
Roediger et al. Paper XXIV. 2017ApJ...836..120R 2017ApJ...836..120R
Powalka et al. Paper XXV. 2016ApJS..227...12P 2016ApJS..227...12P Cat. J/ApJS/227/12
Powalka et al. Paper XXVI. 2017ApJ...844..104P 2017ApJ...844..104P
Fantin et al. Paper XXVIII. 2017ApJ...843...53F 2017ApJ...843...53F
Lim et al. Paper XXX. 2020ApJ...899...69L 2020ApJ...899...69L
Longobardi et al. Paper XXXI. 2018ApJ...864...36L 2018ApJ...864...36L
Powalka et al. Paper XXXII. 2018ApJ...856...84P 2018ApJ...856...84P
Liu et al. Paper XXXIV. 2020ApJS..250...17L 2020ApJS..250...17L Cat. J/ApJS/250/17
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Nov-2020