J/ApJ/892/31 Teff and metallicities of M dwarfs in APOGEE DR14 (Birky+, 2020)
Temperatures and metallicities of M dwarfs in the APOGEE survey.
Birky J., Hogg D.W., Mann A.W., Burgasser A.
<Astrophys. J., 892, 31 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...892...31B 2020ApJ...892...31B
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Stars, double and multiple; Spectra, infrared;
Surveys; Abundances; Effective temperatures; Spectral types;
Photometry; Optical; Magnitudes, absolute; Radial velocities
Keywords: M dwarf stars; Stellar abundances; Surveys; Astronomy data analysis;
High resolution spectroscopy
Abstract:
M dwarfs have enormous potential for our understanding of structure
and formation on both Galactic and exoplanetary scales through their
properties and compositions. However, current atmosphere models have
limited ability to reproduce spectral features in stars at the coolest
temperatures (Teff<4200K) and to fully exploit the information content
of current and upcoming large-scale spectroscopic surveys. Here we
present a catalog of spectroscopic temperatures, metallicities, and
spectral types for 5875 M dwarfs in the Apache Point Observatory
Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and Gaia-DR2 surveys using
The Cannon (Ness+ 2015, J/ApJ/808/16 ; Casey+ 2016, arXiv:1603.03040;
Ho+ 2017, J/ApJ/836/5; Behmard+ 2019ApJ...876...68B 2019ApJ...876...68B): a flexible,
data-driven spectral-modeling and parameter-inference framework
demonstrated to estimate stellar-parameter labels (Teff, logg, [Fe/H],
and detailed abundances) to high precision. Using a training sample of
87 M dwarfs with optically derived labels spanning 2860K<Teff<4130K
calibrated with bolometric temperatures, and -0.5<[Fe/H]<0.5dex
calibrated with FGK binary metallicities, we train a two-parameter
model with predictive accuracy (in cross-validation) to 77K and
0.09dex respectively. We also train a one-dimensional spectral
classification model using 51 M dwarfs with Sloan Digital Sky Survey
optical spectral types ranging from M0 to M6, to predictive accuracy
of 0.7 types. We find Cannon temperatures to be in agreement to within
60 K compared to a subsample of 1702 sources with color-derived
temperatures, and Cannon metallicities to be in agreement to within
0.08 dex metallicity compared to a subsample of 15 FGK+M or M+M
binaries. Finally, our comparison between Cannon and APOGEE pipeline
(ASPCAP DR14) labels finds that ASPCAP is systematically biased toward
reporting higher temperatures and lower metallicities for M dwarfs.
Description:
Out of the total APOGEE DR14 catalog of 258475 sources, we selected
254478 sources that were in the cross-match of Gaia-DR2 (I/345) and
applied Gaia color-magnitude cuts of 1<BP-RP<6 and 7.5<MG<20 for
sources with only positive parallaxes, yielding a sample of 14828
sources.
From there we applied 5 additional selection criteria described in
Section 5.3 to identify a sample of single, main-sequence M stars,
with minimal contamination from reddened K dwarfs, pre-main-sequence
stars, and binaries; see the 5875 "Safe" sources in Table 6.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 79 15 Metallicities of APOGEE M dwarfs in wide binaries
table2.dat 85 87 Cannon results for Temperature/Metallicity model
table3.dat 34 53 Strong Teff-correlated atomic and molecular lines
for all features with significance greater than
2σjackknife
table4.dat 34 19 Strong [Fe/H]-correlated atomic and molecular lines
for all features with significance greater than
2σjackknife
table5.dat 58 51 Cannon results for Spectral Type model
table6.dat 425 14828 Test sample results for 14828 sources
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)
J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007)
J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/AJ/146/156 : APOGEE M-dwarf survey. I. 1st-yr velocities (Deshpande+, 2013)
J/AJ/145/52 : Abundances of late K&M dwarfs in binary systems (Mann+, 2013)
J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)
J/ApJ/795/23 : Line list for stellar chemical abundances (Bedell+, 2014)
J/ApJ/794/125 : IN-SYNC. I. APOGEE stellar parameters (Cottaar+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/other/RAA/15.1182 : M Dwarf catalog of LAMOST DR1 (Guo+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/808/16 : Cannon: a new approach to determine abundances (Ness+, 2015)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/ApJ/836/5 : Abundances of LAMOST giants from APOGEE DR12 (Ho+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/38 : The rotation of M dwarfs observed by APOGEE (Gilhool+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/45 : M-dwarf multiples in the SDSS-III/APOGEE (Skinner+, 2018)
J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaM Mdwarf Gaia DR2 Identifier
21- 39 I19 --- GaiaC Companion Gaia DR2 Identifier
41- 45 F5.2 [-] [M/H]M [-0.34/0.06] Mdwarf, [M/H], ASPCAP
47- 51 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H]M [-0.25/0.2] Mdwarf, [Fe/H], Cannon
53- 57 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H]C [-0.34/0.32] Companion, [Fe/H], Cannon
59- 73 A15 --- Source Companion metallicity/spectral type source
75- 79 I5 au Sep [1043/16091] Separation
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- 2MASS 2MASS designation (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
20- 28 F9.5 deg RAdeg [4.5/357.4] Right Ascension (J2000)
30- 38 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-13.82/68.4] Declination (J2000)
40- 43 I4 K TeffTr [2859/4131] Training Effective temperature (1)
45- 48 I4 K TeffTest [2804/4012] Tested Effective temperature (2)
50- 53 I4 K Teffl [2878/3957] LOOCV Effective temperature (G1)
55- 59 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H]Tr [-0.48/0.49] Training Metallicity (1)
61- 65 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H]Test [-0.48/0.5] Tested Metallicity (2)
67- 71 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H]l [-0.42/0.36] LOOCV Metallicity (G1)
73- 78 I6 --- Chi2Test [5743/379921] Test χ2
80- 85 I6 --- Chi2l [5743/379921] LOOCV χ2 (G1)
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Note (1): Reported uncertainties for the M15 (Mann+ 2015ApJ...804...64M 2015ApJ...804...64M)
training sample labels are ±60K/0.08dex,
Note (2): Reported uncertainties for The Cannon model based on the
cross-validation scatter are ±77K/0.09dex.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[34].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Sp Species
6- 14 F9.3 0.1nm lambda [15159/16935] Wavelength in Angstrom units
16- 21 F6.3 --- delta [-0.014/0.012] Derivative
23- 27 F5.3 --- e_delta [0.001/0.004] Derivative Error
29- 34 F6.3 --- Sig [-5.81/5.14] Significance
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- 2MASS 2MASS designation (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
20- 29 F10.6 deg RAdeg [47.9/352.5] Right Ascension (J2000)
31- 39 F9.6 deg DEdeg [-6.8/56.5] Declination (J2000)
41- 41 I1 --- SpTt [0/9] Training Spectral type (1)
43- 46 F4.1 --- SpTtest [-1.0/8.9] Test Spectral type (1)
48- 51 F4.1 --- SpTl [-1.2/6.7] LOOCV Spectral type (1)(G1)
53- 58 I6 --- Chi2test [7933/429256] Test χ2
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Note (1): Spectral type running number 0-9 ≡ M0-M9
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- 2MASS APOGEE 2MASS designation
(2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000) (APOGEE_ID)
20- 38 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR2 identification number (GAIA_ID)
40- 43 I4 K Teff [2485/4158] Mann-trained Cannon effective
temperature
45- 49 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-0.63/1.42] Mann-trained Cannon [Fe/H] (FE_H)
51- 54 F4.1 --- SpT [-1.7/8.9] West-trained Cannon spectral
subtype ( M0-M9 )
56- 60 I5 K TeffA [2500/7998]?=-9999 ASPCAP pipeline effective
temperature (TEFF_APOGEE)
62- 69 F8.2 [-] [M/H]A [-2.5/0.75]?=-9999 ASPCAP pipeline [M/H]
(MHAPOGEE)
71- 77 I7 --- Chi2M [3696/6648141] Chi-squared fit of
Mann-trained Cannon model (CHI_MANN)
79- 85 I7 --- Chi2W [3666/5606271] Chi-squared fit of
West-trained Cannon model (CHI_WEST)
87- 92 F6.3 mag Jmag [3.89/16.65] APOGEE J band photometry (J_MAG)
94- 99 F6.3 mag Hmag [3.29/15.52] APOGEE H band photometry (H_MAG)
101- 109 F9.3 mag Kmag [2.96/15.34]?=-9999.99 APOGEE K band
photometry (K_MAG)
111- 116 F6.3 mag Gmag [-1.6/17.24] Gaia DR2 G band photometry (G_MAG)
118- 123 F6.3 mag BPmag [6.8/22.9] Gaia DR2 BP band photometry (BP_MAG)
125- 130 F6.3 mag RPmag [6.8/22.9] Gaia DR2 RP band photometry (RP_MAG)
132- 137 F6.3 mag JMag [-4.11/12.13] APOGEE J band absolute
magnitude (J_ABS)
139- 144 F6.3 mag HMag [-4.98/11.24] APOGEE H band absolute
magnitude (H_ABS)
146- 155 F10.3 mag KMag [-5.22/10.8]?=-9999.99 APOGEE K band absolute
magnitude (K_ABS)
157- 162 F6.3 mag GMag [-1.55/17.24] Gaia DR2 G band absolute
magnitude (G_ABS)
164- 168 F5.3 mag BP-RP [1.007/5.64] Gaia DR2 BP-RP color (BP_RP)
170- 187 F18.14 deg RAdeg APOGEE radial ascension angle (J2000) (RA)
189- 206 F18.14 deg DEdeg [-32.6/87.6] APOGEE declination
angle (J2000) (DEC)
208- 215 F8.2 mas/yr pmRA [-1574/2892] Gaia DR2 radial ascension proper
motion
217- 220 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.01/4.3] Gaia DR2 radial ascension proper
motion uncertainty (PMRA_ERR)
222- 229 F8.2 mas/yr pmDE [-1157/542]?=-9999.99 Gaia DR2 declination
proper motion (PMDEC)
231- 234 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.02/5] Gaia DR2 declination proper motion
uncertainty (PMDEC_ERR)
236- 241 F6.2 mas plx [0.05/297] Gaia DR2 parallax
243- 246 F4.2 mas e_plx [0.01/3] Gaia DR2 parallax uncertainty
(PLX_ERR)
248- 265 F18.15 kpc Dist [0.003/22.3] Distance (1/parallax)
267- 275 F9.3 km/s RVA [-1013/1513] APOGEE radial velocity (RV_APOGEE)
277- 282 F6.3 km/s e_RVA [0.001/63] APOGEE radial velocity uncertainty
(RVAPOGEEERR)
284- 291 F8.3 km/s RVG [-211/110]? Gaia DR2 radial velocity (RV_GAIA)
293- 298 F6.3 km/s e_RVG [0.1/17]? Gaia DR2 radial velocity
uncertainty (RVGAIAERR)
300- 319 F20.15 km/s Vx [-655/819] Cartesian x velocity in
Galactocentric coordinates
321- 339 F19.14 km/s Vy [-582/1219] Cartesian y velocity in
Galactocentric coordinates
341- 360 F20.15 km/s Vz [-866/1153] Cartesian z velocity in
Galactocentric coordinates
362- 379 F18.14 kpc X [-24/-5] Cartesian x position in
Galactocentric coordinates
381- 398 F18.15 kpc Y [-1.3/4.1] Cartesian y position in
Galactocentric coordinates
400- 418 F19.15 kpc Z [-16/1.2] Cartesian z position in
Galactocentric coordinates
420- 423 I4 --- SNR [0/1737] Signal-to-noise ratio of the APOGEE
spectrum
425 I1 --- Safe [0/1] 0=Full test sample; 1=Sources from
selections 1-5 in Section 5.3 (5875 sources)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): LOOCV = leave-one-out cross validation test value (see Section 5.1).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Oct-2021