J/ApJ/898/171 CLEAR. II. SFRs of quiescent galaxies (Estrada-Carpenter+, 2020)
CLEAR.
II. Evidence for early formation of the most compact quiescent galaxies
at high redshift.
Estrada-Carpenter V., Papovich C., Momcheva I., Brammer G., Simons R.,
Bridge J., Cleri N.J., Ferguson H., Finkelstein S.L., Giavalisco M.,
Jung I., Matharu J., Trump J.R., Weiner B.
<Astrophys. J., 898, 171 (2020)>
=2020ApJ...898..171E 2020ApJ...898..171E
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, spectra; Photometry, HST; Redshifts
Keywords: Compact galaxies ; Galaxy evolution ; Quenched galaxies ;
Galaxy quenching
Abstract:
The origin of the correlations between mass, morphology, quenched
fraction, and formation history in galaxies is difficult to define,
primarily due to the uncertainties in galaxy star formation histories
(SFHs). SFHs are better constrained for higher redshift galaxies,
observed closer to their formation and quenching epochs. Here we use
"nonparametric" SFHs and a nested sampling method to derive
constraints on the formation and quenching timescales of quiescent
galaxies at 0.7<z<2.5. We model deep HST grism spectroscopy and
photometry from the CLEAR (CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization)
survey. The galaxy formation redshifts, z50 (defined as the point
where they had formed 50% of their stellar mass) range from z50∼2
(shortly prior to the observed epoch) up to z50∼5-8. We find that
early formation redshifts are correlated with high stellar-mass
surface densities, logΣ1/(M☉kpc-2)>10.25, where
Σ1 is the stellar mass within 1pkpc (proper kpc). Quiescent
galaxies with the highest stellar-mass surface density,
logΣ1/(M☉kpc-2)>10.25, show a minimum formation
redshift: all such objects in our sample have z50>2.9. Quiescent
galaxies with lower surface density,
logΣ1/(M☉kpc-2)=9.5-10.25, show a range of formation
epochs (z50∼1.5-8), implying these galaxies experienced a range of
formation and assembly histories. We argue that the surface density
threshold logΣ1/(M☉kpc-2)>10.25 uniquely identifies
galaxies that formed in the first few Gyr after the big bang, and we
discuss the implications this has for galaxy formation models.
Description:
We use data from the CLEAR (CANDELS Lyα Emission at
Reionization) survey (a Cycle 23 HST program, PI: Papovich), which
consists of deep (12 orbit) HST/WFC3 G102 slitless grism spectroscopy
covering 0.8-1.2um within 12 fields split between the CANDELS
GOODS-North (GOODS-N) and GOODS-South (GOODS-S) fields (see, Grogin+
2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G ; Koekemoer+ 2011ApJS..197...36K 2011ApJS..197...36K and
Estrada-Carpenter+ 2019ApJ...870..133E 2019ApJ...870..133E).
We also utilize the broadband photometry available using an updated
catalog from Skelton+ 2014, J/ApJS/214/24 that includes photometry in
the Y-band from HST/WFC3 in F098M or F105W.
For our analysis, we also make use of MIPS 24um data for the GOODS-N
and GOODS-S fields from the GOODS Spitzer Legacy program
(PI: M. Dickinson, see, Magnelli+ 2011, J/A+A/528/A35).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 67 98 Catalog properties of quiescent galaxy sample
table2.dat 112 98 *Derived properties of quiescent galaxy sample
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Note on table2.dat: All quantities are derived from the model fits to the full
grism and photometric dataset. Note that we are using a highest
density region to estimate our parameter fits, this reports the mode
and smallest region containing 68% of the probability
(Bailer-Jones+ 2018, I/347). Therefore if the mode of the probability
distribution function is peaked at the bounds on the parameter, then
the uncertainty will also be zero beyond that bound. This is the case
for some values of AV , for example, where the mode of the
distribution function is AV=0.0mag (and the lower 68%-tile
uncertainty is likewise 0.0mag).
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See also:
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
J/ApJ/621/673 : Line indices for 124 early-type galaxies (Thomas+, 2005)
J/ApJS/172/615 : GALFIT result for GEMS galaxies (Haussler+, 2007)
J/A+A/528/A35 : Infrared luminosity in GOODS fields (Magnelli+, 2011)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/ApJ/763/73 : Surface density profiles of GOODS-South gal. (Szomoru+, 2013)
J/ApJ/788/72 : Observed sample of z∼0.7 massive galaxies (Gallazzi+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/24 : 3D-HST+CANDELS catalog (Skelton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/225/27 : 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master catalog (Momcheva+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/51 : FourStar galaxy evolution survey (ZFOURGE) (Straatman+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/15 : Improved 2Ms and 250ks Chandra catalogs (Xue+, 2016)
J/ApJS/228/2 : Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources (Luo+, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A85 : Spectroscopy of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies (Schreiber+ 2018)
J/A+A/611/A22 : Jekyll & Hyde galaxies ALMA cube & spectrum (Schreiber+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Field Field ("GND"=GOODS-North or "GSD"=GOODS-South)
4 A1 --- --- [-]
5- 9 I5 --- ID Galaxy ID number within Field (G1)
11- 20 F10.6 deg RAdeg [53/189.4] Right Ascension (J2000)
22- 31 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-28/62.4] Declination (J2000)
33- 36 F4.2 --- zphot [0.69/2.34] Photometric redshift
38- 41 F4.2 --- e_zphot [0.01/0.08] Lower uncertainty on zphot
43- 46 F4.2 --- E_zphot [0.01/0.06] Upper uncertainty on zphot
48- 51 F4.1 [Msun] logMphot [10.4/11.7] log of photometric mass
from Easy-py
53- 57 F5.2 kpc Reff [0.36/13.68] Circularized radii (1)
59- 62 F4.2 kpc e_Reff [0.01/0.24] Lower uncertainty on Reff
64- 67 F4.2 kpc E_Reff [0.04/0.93] Upper uncertainty on Reff
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Note (1): Circularized effective radius (derived from
van der Wel+ 2014ApJ...788...28V 2014ApJ...788...28V) and defined as r*sqrt(b/a), where
r is the radius of the semi-major axis in kpc, b/a is the axis ratio.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Field Field ("GND"=GOODS-North or
"GSD"=GOODS-South)
4 A1 --- --- [-]
5- 9 I5 --- ID Galaxy ID number within Field (G1)
11- 15 F5.3 --- zgrism [0.71/2.35] Grism redshift
17- 21 F5.3 --- e_zgrism [0.001/0.06] Lower uncertainty on zgrism
23- 27 F5.3 --- E_zgrism [0.001/0.04] Upper uncertainty on zgrism
29- 33 F5.2 [Msun] logMgrism [10.5/11.7] log of stellar mass
35- 38 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMgrism [0.01/0.08] Lower uncertainty
on logMgrism
40- 43 F4.2 [Msun] E_logMgrism [0.01/0.05] Upper uncertainty
on logMgrism
45- 49 F5.1 [yr-1] logsSFR [-12.9/-10.3] log of specific
star-formation rate (2)
51- 53 F3.1 [yr-1] e_logsSFR [0.1/0.7] Lower uncertainty on logsSFR
55- 57 F3.1 [yr-1] E_logsSFR [0.1/1.1] Upper uncertainty on logsSFR
59- 62 F4.2 mag Avmag [0/0.87] Dust attenuation value for
a Milky Way dust law
64- 67 F4.2 mag e_Avmag [0/0.73] Lower uncertainty on Avmag
69- 72 F4.2 mag E_Avmag [0.01/0.93] Upper uncertainty on Avmag
74- 78 F5.2 [Msun/kpc2] logS1 [9.6/10.5] log of stellar mass surface
density within 1 kpc
80- 83 F4.2 [Msun/kpc2] e_logS1 [0.02/0.08] Lower uncertainty on logS1
85- 88 F4.2 [Msun/kpc2] E_logS1 [0.02/0.08] Upper uncertainty on logS1
90- 92 F3.1 Gyr tQ [0.3/2.5] Quenching timescale (3)
94- 96 F3.1 Gyr e_tQ [0.2/1.8] Lower uncertainty on tQ
98-100 F3.1 Gyr E_tQ [0.1/1] Upper uncertainty on tQ
102-104 F3.1 --- z50 [1.6/9.3] Formation redshift (4)
106-108 F3.1 --- e_z50 [0.1/1.8] Lower uncertainty on z50
110-112 F3.1 --- E_z50 [0.1/2.3] Upper uncertainty on z50
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Note (2): Specific star-formation rate (where the SFR is the time averaged over
the previous 100 Myr of the SFH.
Note (3): The quenching timescale defined as t50-t90, the difference
between the time when the galaxy had formed 50% (t50) and 90% (t90) of
its stellar mass.
Note (4): Where the galaxy had formed 50% of its stellar mass.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Identifiers from Skelton+ (2014, J/ApJS/214/24);
<[SWM2014] GOODS-S NNNNN> or <[SWM2014] GOODS-N NNNNN> in Simbad
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Estrada-Carpenter et al. Paper I. 2019ApJ...870..133E 2019ApJ...870..133E
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 30-Nov-2021