J/ApJ/912/112 Red supergiants in M31 & M33. II. Mass-loss rate (Wang+, 2021)
Red supergiants in M31 and M33.
II. The mass-loss rate.
Wang T., Jiang B., Ren Y., Yang M., Li J.
<Astrophys. J., 912, 112 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...912..112W 2021ApJ...912..112W
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant; Photometry, infrared; Effective temperatures;
Stars, masses; Models
Keywords: Red supergiant stars ; Stellar mass loss ; Circumstellar dust
Abstract:
Mass loss is an important activity for red supergiants (RSGs) and can
influence their evolution and final fate. Previous estimations of
mass-loss rates (MLRs) of RSGs exhibit significant dispersion due to
differences in method and the incompleteness of samples. With the
improved quality and depth of surveys including the UKIRT/WFCAM
observations in the near-infrared, and LGGS and PS1 in the optical, a
rather complete sample of RSGs is identified in M31 and M33 according
to their brightness and colors. For about 2000 objects in either
galaxy from this largest ever sample, the MLR is derived by fitting
the observational optical-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distribution
with the DUSTY code of a 1D dust radiative transfer model. The average
MLR of RSGs is found to be around 2.0x10-5M☉/yr with a
gas-to-dust ratio of 100, which yields a total contribution to the
interstellar dust from RSGs of about 1.1x10-3M☉/yr in M31 and
6.0x10-4M☉/yr in M33, a non- negligible source in comparison
with evolved low-mass stars. The MLRs are divided into three types by
the dust species, i.e., amorphous silicate, amorphous carbon, and
optically thin, and the relations between MLR and stellar parameters,
infrared flux, and colors are discussed and compared with previous
works for the silicate and carbon dust groups.
Description:
The initial sample of red supergiants (RSGs) in M31 and M33 is taken
from Paper I (Ren+ 2021, J/ApJ/907/18) which uses the deep UKIRT/WFCAM
photometry in the JHK bands and Gaia astrometric information.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 88 1733 Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters
for red supergiants in M31
table2.dat 88 1979 Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters
for red supergiants in M33
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See also:
J/A+A/390/511 : Millimetre obs. of carbon stars. II. (Groenewegen+, 2002)
J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)
J/A+A/532/A54 : GRAMS carbon-star model grid (Srinivasan+, 2011)
J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)
J/A+A/540/A135 : AGB population of NGC 6822 (Sibbons+, 2012)
J/ApJ/825/50 : Var. stars in M31 & M33. III. YSGs & RSGs (Gordon+, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/224 : RSG and foreground candidates in M31 (Massey+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/466/1963 : Silicate crystallinities of O-rich stars (Liu+, 2017)
J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB stars & red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A175 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. II. (Yang+, 2018)
J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)
J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)
J/A+A/639/A116 : RSGs in the SMC (Yang+, 2020)
J/ApJ/907/18 : Red Supergiants in M31 & M33. I. (Ren+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[12].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- Seq [0/3711] Running sequence number
6- 14 F9.6 deg RAdeg [9.5/24] Right Ascension (J2000)
16- 24 F9.6 deg DEdeg [30/42.5] Declination (J2000)
26- 29 A4 --- Gal Galaxy name
31- 36 F6.3 mag Kmag [11.8/18.1] UKIRT apparent K-band magnitude
38- 42 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.01/0.1] Standard error in Kmag
44- 48 F5.3 [Lsun] Lum [3.4/5.9] Luminosity
50- 53 I4 K Teff [3116/4546] Effective Temperature
55- 62 A8 Msun/yr dM/dt Mass Loss Rate
64- 67 I4 K Tin [750/1200] Inner Shell Temperature
69- 73 F5.3 --- tau [0.001/6] Optical depth
75- 79 F5.3 --- chi2 [0.003/0.4] chi square
81- 88 A8 --- Type RSG Type (1)
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Note (1): According to the property of the circumstellar dust, i.e either
"carbon" or "silicate" dust or optically thin ("op-thin")
with τV<0.1.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ren et al. Paper I. 2021ApJ...907...18R 2021ApJ...907...18R Cat. J/ApJ/907/18
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Nov-2022