J/ApJ/912/126 B and JHKL light curves of NGC 4151 (Lyu+, 2021)
The dusty heart of NGC 4151 revealed by λ∼1.40um reverberation mapping
and variability: a challenge to current clumpy torus models.
Lyu J., Rieke G.H.
<Astrophys. J., 912, 126 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...912..126L 2021ApJ...912..126L
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; Photometry, infrared; Optical
Keywords: Active galactic nuclei ; Dust continuum emission ;
Reverberation mapping ; Galaxy nuclei ; Interstellar dust ;
Extragalactic astronomy ; Seyfert galaxies
Abstract:
We probe the dusty environment of the archetypical Type 1 active
galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4151 with comprehensive IR reverberation
mapping over several decades, in the J (∼1.22µm), H (∼1.63µm),
K (∼2.19µm), L (∼3.45µm), and N bands (∼10.6µm), plus
multiple measurements at 20-40µm. At 1-4µm, the hot dust
reverberation signals come from two distinct dust populations at
separate radii (∼0.033pc and ∼0.076pc), with temperatures of
∼1500-2500K and ∼900-1000K, consistent with the expected properties of
sublimating graphite and silicate dust grains. The domination of the
torus infrared output by carbon and silicate grains near their
sublimation temperatures and radii may account for the general
similarity of AGN near-IR spectral energy distributions. The torus
inner edge defined by the hottest dust remains at roughly the same
radius independent of the AGN optical luminosity over ∼25yr. The
emission by hot dust warmed directly by the optical/UV AGN output has
increased gradually by ∼4% yr-1, indicating a possibly growing torus.
A third dust component at ∼700K does not seem to participate directly
in the IR reverberation behavior, and its emission may originate deep
in the circumnuclear torus. We find a reverberation signal at ∼10µm
with an inferred radius for the warm dust of ∼2.2-3.1pc. The lack of
variability at 20-40µm indicates that the far-IR emission comes
from even more extended regions. The torus properties revealed by dust
reverberation analysis are inconsistent with predictions from pure
clumpy torus models. Instead, the longer-wavelength emission possibly
originates in a flared torus or the polar wind.
Description:
NGC 4151 was extensively monitored in the J, H, K, and L bands at the
Crimean Observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI)
between 1994/05 and 2018/08; the measurements are available at
http://www.sai.msu.ru/basa/inf.html, and the observations are
described in Lyuty+ (1998AstL...24..199L 1998AstL...24..199L),
Shenravrin+ (2011, J/AZh/88/34),
Taranova & Shenavrin (2013ARep...57...71T 2013ARep...57...71T), and
Oknyansky+ (2018OAP....31...94O 2018OAP....31...94O).
NGC 4151 was also monitored in the V and K bands between 2001/03 and
2007/07 in the Multicolor Active Galactic Nuclei Monitoring (MAGNUM)
project (see Koshida+ 2014, J/ApJ/788/159 and references therein).
In addition, Schnulle+ (2015A&A...578A..57S 2015A&A...578A..57S) monitored the near-IR
emission of NGC 4151 from 2010 January to June and from 2012 February
to 2014 June. We collected this J-, H-, K-band photometry from their
paper. We also collected K-band photometry of NGC 4151 from 1975 to
1980 from several papers (see Table 1).
See Section 2 for further details.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
12 10 32.58 +39 24 21.1 NGC 4151 = CASG 1530
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 54 3304 Galaxy-subtracted B, J, H, K, L light curves
of NGC 4151
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See also:
J/ApJS/95/1 : Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions (Elvis+ 1994)
J/AJ/126/1607 : IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders+, 2003)
J/ApJ/622/129 : Lag-luminosity relationship in AGN (Sergeev+, 2005)
J/ApJS/166/470 : SDSS-Spitzer type I QSOs IR photometry (Richards+, 2006)
J/ApJ/692/556 : Star forming galaxy templates (Rieke+, 2009)
J/A+A/558/A149 : VLTI/MIDI AGN Large Program observations (Burtscher+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/14 : The Swift/BAT hard X-ray transient monitor (Krimm+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/439/1648 : Subarcsecond mid-infrared atlas of local AGN (Asmus+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/159 : 17 Seyfert 1 galaxies light curves (Koshida+, 2014)
J/A+A/583/A120 : AGN torus models. SED library (Siebenmorgen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/840/41 : X-ray/UV Swift monitoring of NGC 4151 (Edelson+, 2017)
J/ApJ/841/76 : Intrinsic far-IR SED of luminous AGNs (Lyu+, 2017)
J/A+A/632/A61 : NGC1068 CO and HCO images (Garcia-Burillo+, 2019)
J/ApJ/884/11 : 6 AGN dusty torus models. II. (Gonzalez-Martin+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/A42 : H2O megamaser galaxies radio continuum 5GHz (Kamali+, 2019)
J/ApJ/886/33 : MIR reverberation mapping of z<0.5 PG AGNs (Lyu+, 2019)
J/ApJ/886/150 : VRI and K-band light curves of type 1 AGNs (Minezaki+, 2019)
J/ApJ/902/26 : HST opt. & H-band obs. of Cepheids in NGC4151 (Yuan+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.1 d JD [2439941.4/2458332.3] Julian Date
11 A1 --- Band [BJHKL] Band (B, J, H, K, L)
13- 19 F7.3 mJy Flux [-7.5/551.8] Flux density in Band
21- 54 A34 --- r_Flux Reference source for Flux (1)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
Allen (1976) = 1976ApJ...207..367A 1976ApJ...207..367A
Cutri et al. (1981) = 1981ApJ...245..818C 1981ApJ...245..818C
Doroshenko et al. (2001) = 2001AstL...27..691D 2001AstL...27..691D
Kemp et al. (1977) = 1977ApJ...215L.107K 1977ApJ...215L.107K
Koshida et al. (2014) = 2014ApJ...788..159K 2014ApJ...788..159K
Lebofsky and Rieke (1980) = 1980Natur.284..410L 1980Natur.284..410L
Lyuty (2005) = 2005AstL...31..645L 2005AstL...31..645L
Lyuty and Doroshenko (1999) = 1999AstL...25..341L 1999AstL...25..341L
O'Dell et al (1978) = 1978ApJS...38..267O 1978ApJS...38..267O
Oknyansky et al. (2013, 2018) = 2013OAP....26..212O 2013OAP....26..212O , 2018OAP....30...94O 2018OAP....30...94O
Roberts and Rumstay (2012) = 2012JSARA...6...47R 2012JSARA...6...47R
SAI data = the Sternberg Astronomical Institute;
http://www.sai.msu.ru/basa/inf.html
Schnulle et al. (2015) = 2015A&A...578A..57S 2015A&A...578A..57S
Sergeev et al. (2005) = 2005ApJ...622..129S 2005ApJ...622..129S
Shomshekova et al. (2019) = 2019Ap.....62..163S 2019Ap.....62..163S
Stein and Weedman (1976) = 1976ApJ...205...44S 1976ApJ...205...44S
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Nov-2022