J/ApJ/921/167 Rotators in Praesepe with K2 LCs and Gaia EDR3 (Rampalli+, 2021)
Three K2 campaigns yield rotation periods for 1013 stars in Praesepe.
Rampalli R., Agueros M.A., Curtis J.L., Douglas S.T., Nunez A.,
Cargile P.A., Covey K.R., Gosnell N.M., Kraus A.L., Law N.M., Mann A.W.
<Astrophys. J., 921, 167-167 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...921..167R 2021ApJ...921..167R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Stars, late-type; Photometry; Optical;
Infrared sources; Radial velocities; Proper motions; Stars, masses
Keywords: Stellar rotation; Open star clusters; Late-type stars
Abstract:
We use three campaigns of K2 observations to complete the census of
rotation in low-mass members of the benchmark, ~=670Myr old open
cluster Praesepe. We measure new rotation periods (Prot) for 220
~<1.3M☉ Praesepe members and recovery periods for 97% (793/812)
of the stars with a Prot in the literature. Of the 19 stars for which
we do not recover a Prot, 17 were not observed by K2. As K2's three
Praesepe campaigns took place over the course of 3yr, we test the
stability of our measured Prot for stars observed in more than one
campaign. We measure Prot consistent to within 10% for >95% of the 331
likely single stars with ≥2 high-quality observations; the median
difference in Prot is 0.3%, with a standard deviation of 2%. Nearly
all of the exceptions are stars with discrepant Prot measurements in
Campaign 18, K2's last, which was significantly shorter than the
earlier two (~=50 days rather than ~=75 days). This suggests that,
despite the evident morphological evolution we observe in the light
curves of 38% of the stars, Prot measurements for low-mass stars in
Praesepe are stable on timescales of several years. A Prot can
therefore be taken to be representative even if measured only once.
Description:
K2 observed Praesepe during three separate campaigns (C5 -- start date
2015-Apr-27, C16 -- Star date 2017-Dec-07, and C18 -- Start date
2018-May-12, K2's last campaign). Douglas+ 2017, J/ApJ/842/83 (D17)
published Prot measured from C5 data, but Prot have not been published
using data from C16 and C18. We successfully proposed Praesepe targets
for observation during C16 and C18 (Proposals K2GO52-0060 and
K2GO6-0040). See Section 3.2.
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
-----------------------------------------------------------
08 40 12.96 +19 37 15.5 Praesepe = NAME Praesepe Cluster
-----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 291 1013 Lomb-Scargle outputs for the Praesepe rotators
table4.dat 271 1030 Rotators in Praesepe
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
J/AJ/134/2340 : Membership of Praesepe & Coma Berenices (Kraus+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/413/2218 : Stellar rotation in Hyades and Praesepe (Delorme+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/426/3419 : UKIDSS GCS Praesepe members (Boudreault+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A4 : Rotation periods of active Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2013)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/442/2081 : Praesepe members light curves (Kovacs+, 2014)
J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & the Hyades (Douglas+, 2014)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/A+A/583/A65 : Active Kepler stars differential rotation (Reinhold+, 2015)
J/ApJ/822/47 : K2 rotation periods for 65 Hyades members (Douglas+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/81 : PTF stellar Prot for Pleiades members (Covey+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/115 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. III. (Stauffer+, 2016)
J/ApJ/839/92 : Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)
J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members Prot from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar Prot (Angus+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/621/L3 : Hyades tidal tails with Gaia DR2 (Meingast+, 2019)
J/A+A/627/A4 : Praesepe (NGC 2632) and its tidal tails (Roeser+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rot. periods for Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A66 : alpha Persei, Pleiades and Praesepe clusters (Lodieu+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/77 : Members of the Pisces-Eridanus stream (Curtis+, 2019)
J/A+A/635/A43 : Stellar rotation periods from K2 C0-18 (Reinhold+, 2020)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 members & Prot for 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC [211354787/251381414] K2 EPIC identifier
11- 19 A9 --- --- [Gaia EDR3]
21- 38 I18 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier
40- 66 A27 --- OName 2MASS or Gaia DR2 identifier
68- 76 F9.5 deg RAdeg [123.27/140.8] Right Ascension (J2000)
78- 85 F8.5 deg DEdeg [10.9/25.1] Declination (J2000)
87- 91 F5.2 d Prot [0.13/40.2] Adopted rotation period
93- 97 F5.2 d C5Prot [0.17/40.2]? K2 C5 campaign primary measured
Prot
99- 102 F4.2 --- C5PLS [0.01/0.98]? K2 C5 campaign LS power (1)
104- 111 F8.2 d C5SProt [-9999/39]? K2 C5 campaign secondary
measured Prot (2)
113- 120 F8.2 --- C5SPLS [-9999/0.5]? K2 C5 campaign power for
C5SProt (2)
122- 124 F3.1 --- C5Clean [0/1]? K2 C5 campaign light curve clean
detection (1=yes)
126- 128 F3.1 --- C5Q [0/3]? K2 C5 campaign assigned quality flag
130- 134 F5.3 --- C5Rvar [0/0.4]? K2 C5 campaign Rvar value (3)
136- 140 F5.3 --- C5thresh [0.007/0.011]? K2 C5 campaign minimum LS
power for Prot detection
142- 147 F6.1 --- C5SNR [6/2129]? K2 C5 campaign lightcurve SNR
149- 156 F8.2 d C16Prot [-9999/38.5]? K2 C16 campaign primary
measured Prot (2)
158- 165 F8.2 --- C16PLS [-9999/0.97]? K2 C16 campaign LS power (2)
167- 174 F8.2 d C16SProt [-9999/39]? K2 C16 campaign secondary
measured Prot (2)
176- 183 F8.2 --- C16SPLS [-9999/0.42]? K2 C16 campaign power for
C5SProt (2)
185- 187 F3.1 --- C16Clean [0/1]? K2 C16 campaign light curve clean
detection (1=yes)
189- 191 F3.1 --- C16Q [0/3]? K2 C16 campaign assigned quality flag
193- 197 F5.3 --- C16Rvar [0/0.3]? K2 C16 campaign Rvar value (3)
199- 203 F5.3 --- C16thresh [0.007/0.01]? K2 C16 campaign minimum LS
power for Prot detection
205- 210 F6.1 --- C16SNR [8/3762]? K2 C16 campaign lightcurve SNR
212- 219 F8.2 d C18Prot [-9999/30.4]? K2 C18 campaign primary
measured Prot (2)
221- 228 F8.2 --- C18PLS [-9999/0.98]? K2 C18 campaign LS power (2)
230- 237 F8.2 d C18SProt [-9999/24.6]? K2 C18 campaign secondary
measured Prot (2)
239- 246 F8.2 --- C18SPLS [-9999/0.5]? K2 C18 campaign power for
C5SProt (2)
248- 250 F3.1 --- C18Clean [0/1]? K2 C18 campaign light curve clean
detection (1=yes)
252- 254 F3.1 --- C18Q [0/3]? K2 C18 campaign assigned quality flag
256- 260 F5.3 --- C18Rvar [0/0.5] K2 C18 campaign Rvar value (3)
262- 266 F5.3 --- C18thresh [0.008/0.015]? K2 C18 campaign minimum LS
power for Prot detection
268- 273 F6.1 --- C18SNR [7/2576]? K2 C18 campaign lightcurve SNR
275 I1 --- Clean [0/1] High-quality flag, Q=0, for LC(s)
(1=yes)
277 I1 --- Mult [0/1] Multiple periods found in LC(s) (1=yes)
279 I1 --- Nb [0/1] Possible neighboring star in aperture
contamination (1=yes)
281 I1 --- Harm [0/1] Strong harmonics found within and/or
LC(s) (1=yes)
283 I1 --- Evol [0/1] LC evolution found in LC(s) (1=yes)
285- 289 F5.2 --- pProt [0.13/38.1]? Previous Prot for star
291 I1 --- Bin [0/1] Binary flag
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Note (1): To assess the robustness of the Prot we measure, we use
a normalized power PLS for each periodogram. The closer PLS is to 1,
the more likely the signal is sinusoidal, as opposed to noise.
See Section 3.4.
Note (2): A -9999 indicates the periodogram was unable to converge on a
solution that was above the bootstrapping threshold for that
particular campaign.
Note (3): We measure the amplitude (Rvar) using the difference between the 5th
and 95th percentiles of the (sorted) light-curve flux.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- EPIC [211354787/251381414] K2 EPIC identifier
11- 19 A9 --- --- [Gaia EDR3]
21- 38 I18 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier
40- 66 A27 --- OName 2MASS or Gaia DR2 identifier
68- 76 F9.5 deg RAdeg [123.27/140.8] Gaia EDR3 right Ascension (J2000)
78- 85 F8.5 deg DEdeg [10.9/25.1] Gaia EDR3 Declination (J2000)
87- 93 F7.3 mas pmRA [-53.2/-10.8]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion along RA
95- 101 F7.3 mas pmDE [-23.5/10.8]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion along DE
103- 107 F5.3 mas e_pmRA [0.01/10]? Uncertainty in pmRA
109- 113 F5.3 mas e_pmDE [0.01/10]? Uncertainty in pmDE
115- 120 F6.3 mas plx [1.56/11.2]? Gaia EDR3 parallax
122- 126 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.01/1.5]? Uncertainty in plx
128- 134 F7.3 pc Dist [89/641]? Bailer-Jones+ 2021 (I/352) distance
136- 141 F6.3 pc e_Dist [0.03/29]? Uncertainty in Dist
143- 148 F6.3 --- epsi [0/69.6] Astrometric excess noise
150- 160 F11.3 --- sepsi [0/1.8e+6]? Significance of astrometric excess
noise
162- 167 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.7/23]? Re-normalised Unit-Weight Error
169- 172 F4.2 mag Bp-Rp [0.5/3.7]? Gaia EDR3 Blue-Red passband color
174- 178 F5.2 mag Gmag [8.6/20.4] Gaia EDR3 G band magnitude
180- 184 F5.2 mag Ksmag [7.6/16.6] 2MASS Ks band magnitude
186- 190 F5.2 km/s RVel [-8.4/56.1]? Gaia EDR3 radial velocity
192- 196 F5.2 km/s e_RVel [0.16/19]? Uncertainty in RVel
198 I1 --- Flag [0/1] Missing Gaia EDR3 measurement flag
200- 204 F5.2 mas/yr dPM [0.05/27.6]? Proper motion deviation from
cluster
206- 211 F6.3 mag dbprp [-4.8/3.2]? Photometric excess in MG vs G-RP
213- 219 F7.3 mag dgrp [-48.6/7.1]? Photometric excess in MG vs BP-RP
221- 225 F5.2 km/s dRV [0/43.4]? Radial velocity deviation from cluster
227 I1 --- mPer [0/1]? Multiple periods found in LC? (1=yes)
229 I1 --- aBin [0/1] Astrometric binary flag; dPM≥2.5mas
(1=yes)
231 I1 --- pBin [0/1] Photometric binary flag; dbprp or dgrp
≥0.375 (1=yes)
233 I1 --- lBin [0/1] Literature binary flag (1=yes)
235 I1 --- WBin [0/1] Wide binary flag; RUWE ≥1.2 (1=yes)
237 I1 --- Bin [0/1] Binary flag (1=yes)
239 I1 --- Tail [0/1] Member of tidal tails? (1=yes)
241 I1 --- K2 [0/1] Observed by K2? (1=yes)
243- 246 I4 K Teff [3002/6620]? Effective temperature
248- 250 F3.1 Msun Mass [0.1/1.6]? Mass
252- 255 A4 --- SpT Spectral type
257- 261 F5.2 d Prot [0.13/40.2] This work's rotation period
263 I1 --- Qual [0/1]? High-quality flag for LC(s)
(0=questionable detections, 65 occurrences)
265- 269 F5.2 --- pProt [0.13/38.1]? Previous Prot for star
271 I1 --- Evol [0/1]? LC evolution found in LC(s) (1=yes)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Feb-2023