J/ApJ/922/267 Dwarf galaxies photometry & structures (Carlsten+, 2021)
Structures of dwarf satellites of Milky Way-like galaxies: morphology, scaling
relations, and intrinsic shapes.
Carlsten S.G., Greene J.E., Greco J.P., Beaton R.L., Kado-Fong E.
<Astrophys. J., 922, 267 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...922..267C 2021ApJ...922..267C
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, dwarf; Photometry; Optical; Morphology; Surveys
Keywords: Dwarf galaxies ; Galaxy structure ; Galaxy environments ;
Galaxy evolution
Abstract:
The structure of a dwarf galaxy is an important probe of the effects
of stellar feedback and environment. Using an unprecedented sample of
223 low-mass satellites from the ongoing Exploration of Local Volume
Satellites survey, we explore the structures of dwarf satellites in
the mass range 105.5<M*<108.5M☉. We survey satellites
around 80% of the massive, MK<-22.4mag, hosts in the Local Volume
(LV). Our sample of dwarf satellites is complete to luminosities of
MV<-9mag and surface brightness µ0,V<26.5mag/arcsec2 within
at least ∼200 projected kpc of the hosts. For this sample, we find a
median satellite luminosity of MV=-12.4mag, median size of
re=560pc, median ellipticity of ε=0.30, and median Sersic
index of n=0.72. We separate the satellites into late- and early-type
(29.6% and 70.4%, respectively). The mass-size relations are very
similar between them within ∼5%, which indicates that the quenching
and transformation of a late-type dwarf into an early-type one
involves only very mild size evolution. Considering the distribution
of apparent ellipticities, we infer the intrinsic shapes of the early-
and late-type samples. Combining with literature samples, we find that
both types of dwarfs are described roughly as oblate spheroids that
get more spherical at fainter luminosities, but early-types are always
rounder at fixed luminosity. Finally, we compare the LV satellites
with dwarf samples from the cores of the Virgo and Fornax clusters. We
find that the cluster satellites show similar scaling relations to the
LV early-type dwarfs but are roughly 10% larger at fixed mass, which
we interpret as being due to tidal heating in the cluster
environments. The dwarf structure results presented here are a useful
reference for simulations of dwarf galaxy formation and the
transformation of dwarf irregulars into spheroidals.
Description:
For our primary observational sample we use results from the ongoing
Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) survey to obtain a
nearly volume-limited sample of many well-surveyed satellites systems
in the Local Volume (LV; D<12Mpc).
For much of the survey, we are making use of the DESI Legacy Imaging
Surveys (Dey+ 2019AJ....157..168D 2019AJ....157..168D), which includes both the
Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS; Zou+ 2017PASP..129f4101Z 2017PASP..129f4101Z &
2018ApJS..237...37Z 2018ApJS..237...37Z) and the DECam Legacy Survey (henceforth we refer
to all these surveys together as DECaLS). We then use deeper
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) MegaCam, Subaru Hyper
Suprime-Cam (HSC), or Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) imaging
to measure the dwarf distances via SB fluctuations (SBFs). We include
results using Gemini programs FT-2020A-060 and US-2020B-037
(PI: S. Carlsten). The rest of the data used are all archival.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 95 24 ELVES host information
table4.dat 147 128 The Local Volume (LV) field dwarf photometry
table5.dat 159 223 Main LV satellite dwarf photometry
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See also:
B/cfht : Log of CFHT Exposures (CADC, 1979-)
VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 (Duncan, 2022)
J/AJ/127/2031 : Catalog of neighboring galaxies (Karachentsev+, 2004)
J/ApJS/164/334 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI (Ferrarese+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/504 : Galaxies around CenA/M83 (Karachentsev+, 2007)
J/ApJ/660/1186 : VCC galaxies classification with SDSS (Lisker+, 2007)
J/A+A/486/697 : Hydra I Cluster Catalogue (HCC) (Misgeld+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/386/2311 : CT1 photometry of Antlia early-type galaxies (Smith+, 2008)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/413/971 : Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) DR1 (Driver+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/414/3699 : Study of hot stellar systems and galaxies (Misgeld+, 2011)
J/A+A/526/A114 : Kinematic profiles of Virgo galaxies (Toloba+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey. II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)
J/ApJ/857/104 : Low surface brightness galaxies from HSC-SSP (Greco+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A96 : VI photometry in 3 dwarf galaxies (Mueller+, 2018)
J/ApJ/859/52 : NGFS. III. Dwarf gal. in outer reg. (Ordenes-Briceno+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A165 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IV. (Venhola+, 2018)
J/A+A/629/A18 : Deep VI phot. of 15 dwarf galaxy candidates (Mueller+, 2019)
J/ApJ/878/18 : NGVS. XXIII. Nuclear star clusters (Sanchez-Janssen+, 2019)
J/ApJ/890/128 : NGVS. XIV. Virgo cluster members (Ferrarese+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/103 : SDSS and GAMA dwarf gal. mergers (Kado-Fong+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A135 : Galaxies around M87 (Kashibadze+, 2020)
J/ApJ/906/96 : Dwarfs galaxies in Simulations (Applebaum+, 2021)
J/ApJ/907/85 : The SAGA Survey. II. Satellite systems (Mao+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A100 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. XI. (Su+, 2021)
J/ApJS/252/18 : Low-surface-brightness gal. from DES Y3 (Tanoglidis+, 2021)
http://www.legacysurvey.org/ : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- Host Host name
9- 13 F5.2 Mpc Dist [0/11.9] Distance
15- 21 A7 --- r_Dist Distance reference(s) (1)
23- 24 I2 --- Nsat [0/29] Number of satellites (2)
26- 27 I2 --- Nun [0/16] Number of unconfirmed satellites (2)
29- 31 I3 kpc Rcov [150/300] Coverage radius
33- 51 A19 --- Det Imaging data used for dwarf detection (3)
53- 75 A23 --- Conf Candidate confirmation (3)
77- 95 A19 --- Phot Photometry used (3)
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Note (1): References as follows:
Beat19 = Beaton et al. (2019ApJ...885..141B 2019ApJ...885..141B)
CF = Kourkchi & Tully (2017, J/ApJ/843/16) and Tully+ (2016, J/AJ/152/50)
RS11 = Radburn-Smith et al. (2011ApJS..195...18R 2011ApJS..195...18R)
H13 = Humphreys et al. (2013ApJ...775...13H 2013ApJ...775...13H)
K13 = Karachentsev et al. (2013, J/AJ/145/101)
K14 = Karachentsev et al. (2014ApJ...782....4K 2014ApJ...782....4K)
K15 = Karachentsev et al. (2015ApJ...805..144K 2015ApJ...805..144K)
T19 = Tully et al. (2019hst..prop15922T)
Pea15 = Peacock et al. (2015ApJ...800...13P 2015ApJ...800...13P)
McQ16a = McQuinn et al. (2016ApJ...826...21M 2016ApJ...826...21M)
McQ16b = McQuinn et al. (2016AJ....152..144M 2016AJ....152..144M)
McQ17 = McQuinn et al. (2017AJ....154...51M 2017AJ....154...51M)
Lee13 = Lee & Jang (2013ApJ...773...13L 2013ApJ...773...13L)
M18 = Muller et al. (2018A&A...615A.105M 2018A&A...615A.105M)
Note (2): Number of satellites (confirmed and unconfirmed) in the mass range
5.5<log(M*)<8.5 and with MV<-9mag and µ0,V<26.5mag/arcsec2.
Note (3): The sources listed in the last three columns are:
S18 = Smercina et al. (2018ApJ...863..152S 2018ApJ...863..152S),
B19 = Bennet et al. (2019ApJ...885..153B 2019ApJ...885..153B),
M12 = McConnachie (2012, J/AJ/144/4),
C13 = Chiboucas et al. (2013AJ....146..126C 2013AJ....146..126C),
M15 = Muller et al. (2015A&A...583A..79M 2015A&A...583A..79M),
M17 = Muller et al. (2017A&A...597A...7M 2017A&A...597A...7M),
M18 = Muller et al. (2018A&A...615A..96M 2018A&A...615A..96M),
M19 = Muller et al. (2019, J/A+A/629/A18),
C19 = Crnojevic et al. (2019ApJ...872...80C 2019ApJ...872...80C).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Dwarf name
17- 21 A5 --- Host Host type ("FIELD" or "LG")
23- 30 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
32- 39 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-61.4/80.2] Declination (J2000)
41- 45 F5.2 mag gmag [10.5/19.3]? Apparent g-band magnitude
47- 50 F4.2 mag e_gmag [0.08/0.12]? Uncertainty in gmag
52- 56 F5.2 mag rimag [10.2/19.1]? Apparent r- or i- band
magnitude (G1)
58- 61 F4.2 mag e_rimag [0.09/0.12]? Uncertainty in rimag
63- 68 F6.2 mag gMag [-16.3/-10.3]? Absolute g-band magnitude
70- 73 F4.2 mag e_gMag [0.08/0.12]? Uncertainty in gMag
75- 80 F6.2 mag VMag [-16.5/-10.4] Absolute V-band
magnitude (G2)
82- 85 F4.2 mag e_VMag [0.09/0.2] Uncertainty in VMag
87- 90 F4.2 [Msun] logMs [5.5/8.5] Log of stellar mass
92- 95 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMs [0.06/0.2] Uncertainty in logMs
97- 101 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mu0V [19.1/26.18] V-band central surface
brightness
103- 106 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_mu0V [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty in mu0V
108- 113 F6.1 pc Re [157/4299] Effective radius of galaxy model
115- 119 F5.1 pc e_Re [12/208]? Uncertainty in Re
121- 124 F4.2 --- ell [0.05/0.87] Measured ellipticity
126- 129 F4.2 --- e_ell [0.02/0.1] Uncertainty in ell
131- 135 A5 --- ETG Early-type galaxy? (always "False")
137- 140 A4 --- Filt Filters used ("gi", "gr" or "None")
142- 147 A6 --- Tel Instrument+Telescope used ("DECALS",
"CFHT" or "MCCONN")
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Dwarf name
17- 23 A7 --- Host Host name
25- 32 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
34- 41 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-64.3/71.5] Declination (J2000)
43- 47 F5.2 mag gmag [12.26/21]? Apparent g-band magnitude
49- 52 F4.2 mag e_gmag [0.01/0.64]? Uncertainty in gmag
54- 58 F5.2 mag rimag [11.8/20.54]? Apparent r- or i- band
magnitude (G1)
60- 63 F4.2 mag e_rimag [0.01/0.42]? Uncertainty in rimag
65- 70 F6.2 mag gMag [-16.49/-8.76]? Absolute g-band magnitude
72- 75 F4.2 mag e_gMag [0.01/0.7]? Uncertainty in gMag
77- 82 F6.2 mag VMag [-16.7/-9] Absolute V-band magnitude (2)
84- 87 F4.2 mag e_VMag [0.01/0.7] Uncertainty in VMag
89- 92 F4.2 [Msun] logMs [5.57/8.5] Log of stellar mass
94- 97 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMs [0.1/0.22] Uncertainty in logMs
99- 103 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mu0V [19.8/26.5] V-band central surface
brightness
105- 108 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_mu0V [0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in mu0V
110- 115 F6.1 pc Re [119/4075] Effective radius of galaxy model
117- 121 F5.1 pc e_Re [0/685]? Uncertainty in Re
123- 127 F5.2 --- ell [-0.1/0.78]? Measured ellipticity
129- 132 F4.2 --- e_ell [0/0.15]? Uncertainty in ell
134- 139 A6 --- ETG Early-type galaxy? (1)
141- 144 A4 --- Filt Filters used ("gi", "gr" or "None")
146- 157 A12 --- Tel Instrument+Telescope used
159 A1 --- Bad y=Bad photometry? (2)
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Note (1): Dwarf ETG values marked with "False?" or "True?" had ambiguous
ETG/LTG visual classification and were classified based on the dwarf
color and magnitude.
Note (2): Dwarfs marked with a "y" (9 occurrences) had significant
contamination from bright, nearby stars or other galaxies, and the
photometry might be biased.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): rimag is the apparent magnitude measured in either the r or i band,
depending on which is used for that dwarf. Standardization of mixed
photometry was done using Equation 1: g-i=1.53(g-r)-0.032
Note (G2): Absolute V-band magnitude converted from SDSS filters using
Equation 2: V=g-0.5784(g-r)-0.0038. See Section 2.4.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 31-Mar-2023