J/ApJ/923/232 Red supergiants in 12 Local Group galaxies (Ren+, 2021)
The sample of red supergiants in 12 low-mass galaxies of the Local Group.
Ren Y., Jiang B., Yang M., Wang T., Ren T.
<Astrophys. J., 923, 232 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...923..232R 2021ApJ...923..232R
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant; Local group; Magellanic Clouds; Photometry, ugriz;
Photometry, infrared; Extinction; Proper motions
Keywords: Massive stars ; Red supergiant stars ; Galaxy stellar content ;
Local Group ; Dwarf galaxies ; Magellanic Clouds ; Catalogs
Abstract:
This work establishes the most complete sample of red supergiants
(RSGs) in 12 low-mass galaxies (WLM, IC 10, NGC 147, NGC 185, IC 1613,
Leo A, Sextans B, Sextans A, NGC 6822, Pegasus Dwarf, SMC, and LMC) of
the Local Group, which forms a solid basis to study the properties of
RSGs as well as the star formation rate and initial mass function of
the galaxies. After removing the foreground dwarf stars by their
obvious branch in the near-infrared color-color diagram
((J-H)0/(H-K)0) with the UKIRT/WFCAM and 2MASS photometry as well
as the Gaia/EDR3 measurements of proper motion and parallax, RSGs are
identified from their location in the color-magnitude diagram
(J-K)0/K0 of the member stars of the specific galaxy. A total of
2190 RSGs are found in 10 dwarf galaxies, and additionally, 4823 and
2138 RSGs are found in LMC and SMC, respectively. The locations of the
tip of the red giant branch in the (J-K)0/K0 diagram are
determined to serve as an indicator of the metallicity and distance
modulus of the galaxies.
Description:
For the 10 dwarf galaxies, the JHK photometry is performed for the
images taken with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) from 2005 mid
September to 2007 August on the 3.8m United Kingdom Infra-Red
Telescope (UKIRT) located in Hawaii. In the case of SMC and LMC, the
JHK magnitudes are taken from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS).
Before using the (J-H)0 versus (H-K)0 and (r-z)0 versus (z-H)0
CCDs, the astrometric information from the Gaia early data release 3
(EDR3) is taken to remove some foreground dwarf stars to suppress the
dispersion in the CCDs.
The optical photometry in the r and z bands is taken from the PS1/DR2
catalog for all but the MC galaxies limited by its coverage.
See Section 4.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 82 12 Basic information of the 12 studied galaxies
table5.dat 332 2190 Catalog of red supergiants in the 10 dwarf galaxies
table6.dat 165 6961 Catalog of red supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
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See also:
II/236 : UBVR CCD survey of the Magellanic clouds (Massey+, 2002)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/ApJ/501/153 : VRB photometry of red supergiants (Massey 1998)
J/AJ/124/3222 : VI photometry of Draco and UMi galaxies (Bellazzini+, 2002)
J/AJ/126/2867 : Red supergiants in Magellanic Clouds (Massey+, 2003)
J/ApJ/659/1198 : ARAUCARIA project: NGC 3109 blue supergiants (Evans+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)
J/ApJ/703/420 : Red supergiants in M31 (Massey+, 2009)
J/ApJ/719/1784 : Yellow supergiants in the SMC (Neugent+, 2010)
J/AJ/140/1475 : ARAUCARIA: NGC 7793 Cepheids (Pietrzynski+, 2010)
J/ApJ/727/53 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. I. (Yang+, 2011)
J/ApJ/750/97 : The yellow and red supergiants of M33 (Drout+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/421/2998 : NGC 6822 Cepheids JHKs light curves (Feast+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/134 : LITTLE THINGS survey of nearby dwarf galaxies (Hunter+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/177 : Yellow and red supergiants in the LMC (Neugent+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/35 : Red supergiant stars in the SMC. II. (Yang+, 2012)
J/A+A/562/A75 : Sp. of 8 supergiants in nearby galaxies (Britavskiy+, 2014)
J/ApJ/780/59 : Araucaria project: eclipsing binaries in SMC (Graczyk+, 2014)
J/ApJ/794/107 : Distance to NGC6822 with Spitzer/FourStar Phot. (Rich+, 2014)
J/A+A/578/A3 : New survey of supergiants in MCs (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)
J/ApJ/825/50 : Variable stars in M31 & M33. III. YSGs & RSGs (Gordon+, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/224 : RSG and foreground candidates in M31 (Massey+, 2016)
J/ApJ/816/49 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of SMC Cepheids (Scowcroft+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/9 : Spectroscopy obs. of LeoA, Aqr & Sgr dwarf gal. (Kirby+, 2017)
J/ApJ/859/73 : Variability of RSGs in M31 from iPTF survey (Soraisam+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/487/4832 : Per-Lum relation of red supergiants (Chatys+, 2019)
J/ApJS/241/35 : Period-luminosity relations of RSGs in M33 & M31 (Ren+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)
J/ApJ/898/24 : Red supergiants from ASAS-SN & iPTF (Ren+, 2020)
J/A+A/639/A116 : RSGs in the SMC (Yang+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/507/5106 : NGC 6822 massive young stellar objects (Kinson+, 2021)
J/ApJ/922/177 : 2MASS red supergiants in the SMC (Massey+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/79 : Red supergiant stars in M31 and M33 (Massey+, 2021)
J/ApJ/907/18 : Red Supergiants in M31 and M33. I. (Ren+, 2021)
J/ApJS/252/23 : Reddening map of MCs from OGLE-IV RC stars (Skowron+, 2021)
J/ApJ/912/112 : Red supergiants in M31 & M33. II. Mass-loss rate (Wang+, 2021)
J/A+A/646/A141 : A source catalog for the LMC (Yang+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A167 : Using H-bump to identify RSGs in NGC6822 (Yang+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Gal Galaxy name
15- 22 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
24- 31 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
33- 40 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
42- 49 F8.4 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
51- 59 A9 --- Type Galaxy type
61- 68 F8.2 arcsec Diam [307/41510] Diameter
70- 74 F5.3 mag Av [0.05/4.3] Galactic foreground extinction
76- 80 F5.2 mag mu [18.49/25.78] Distance modulus, µ
82 A1 --- r_mu Distance modulus reference (1)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
a = McConnachie (2012, J/AJ/144/4).
b = Feast et al. (2012, J/MNRAS/421/2998); Rich et al. (2014, J/ApJ/794/107).
c = Graczyk et al. (2014, J/ApJ/780/59, Scowcroft et al. (2016, J/ApJ/816/49).
d = Pietrzynski et al. (2013Natur.495...76P 2013Natur.495...76P).
e = NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -- http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Gal Name of Galaxy
15- 24 F10.6 deg RAdeg Degree of Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 35 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-15.6/59.5] Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 42 F6.3 mag Jmag [13.2/20] Apparent J-band magnitude
44- 48 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.2] Standard error in Jmag
50- 51 I2 --- Type-J [-7/1] Source classification flag in Jmag (1)
53- 58 F6.3 mag Hmag [12.44/27.85] Apparent H-band magnitude
60- 64 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/8] Standard error in Hmag
66- 67 I2 --- Type-H [-7/1] Source classification flag in Hmag (1)
69- 74 F6.3 mag Kmag [12.19/19.1] Apparent K-band magnitude
76- 80 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.01/0.2] Standard error in Kmag
82- 83 I2 --- Type-K [-7/1] Source classification flag in Kmag (1)
85 I1 --- Nb [2/3] Number of bands source identified as
a stellar source
87- 95 A9 --- --- [Gaia EDR3]
97- 115 I19 --- Gaia ? Unique source designation of Gaia EDR3
117- 123 F7.4 mas plx [-5.62/9.6]? Absolute stellar parallax from
Gaia EDR3
125- 130 F6.4 mas e_plx [0.04/4]? Standard error in plx
132- 138 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-16.5/10.1]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion along
RA; pmRA*cosDE
140- 144 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.04/3]? Standard error in pmRA
146- 152 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-16.7/4.1]? Gaia EDR3 Proper motion along DE
154- 158 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.03/3]? Standard error in pmDE
160- 177 I18 --- PS1 ? Unique object identifier of PS1 DR2 (objID)
179- 185 F7.4 mag gFPSFmag [16.8/29.2]? Forced mean PSF magnitude in g
band
187- 195 F9.5 mag e_gFPSFmag [0.002/148]? Standard error in gFPSFmag
197- 203 F7.4 mag rFPSFmag [15.99/26.8]? Forced mean PSF magnitude in
r band
205- 212 F8.5 mag e_rFPSFmag [0.0018/31]? Standard error in e_rFPSFmag
214- 220 F7.4 mag iFPSFmag [15.44/29.61]? Forced mean PSF magnitude in
i band
222- 229 F8.5 mag e_iFPSFmag [0.001/57]? Standard error in iFPSFmag
231- 237 F7.4 mag zFPSFmag [15/24.6]? Forced mean PSF magnitude in z
band
239- 245 F7.5 mag e_zFPSFmag [0.0014/2]? Standard error in zFPSFmag
247- 253 F7.4 mag yFPSFmag [14.89/25.24]? Forced mean PSF magnitude in
y band
255- 261 F7.5 mag e_yFPSFmag [0.002/7]? Standard error in yFPSFmag
263- 266 A4 --- Ext "Ext" = extended source (293 occurrences);
or "None"
268- 271 F4.2 mag EBV [0.02/1.6] Color excess
273- 278 F6.3 mag Jmag0 [13/19.81] Extinction corrected magnitude
in Jmag
280- 285 F6.3 mag Hmag0 [12.32/27.75] Extinction corrected
magnitude in Hmag
287- 292 F6.3 mag Kmag0 [12.1/19.1] Extinction corrected magnitude
in Kmag
294- 300 F7.4 mag gFPSFmag0 [16.8/29.2]? Extinction corrected magnitude
in gFPSFmag
302- 308 F7.4 mag rFPSFmag0 [15.99/26.8]? Extinction corrected
magnitude in rFPSFmag
310- 316 F7.4 mag iFPSFmag0 [15.44/29.61]? Extinction corrected
magnitude in iFPSFmag
318- 324 F7.4 mag zFPSFmag0 [15.06/24.53]? Extinction corrected
magnitude in zFPSFmag
326- 332 F7.4 mag yFPSFmag0 [14.89/25.24]? Extinction corrected
magnitude in yFPSFmag
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Note (1): Classification flag as follows:
-1 = stellar source;
-2 = probably-stellar source;
-7 = source with bad pixels.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Gal Name of Galaxy
5- 13 F9.6 deg RAdeg [2/98] Degree of Right Ascension (J2000)
15- 24 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-78/-59] Degree of Declination (J2000)
26- 31 F6.3 mag Jmag [7.75/13.61] Apparent J-band magnitude (1)
33- 38 F6.4 mag e_Jmag [0.005/0.1] Standard error in Jmag
40- 45 F6.3 mag Hmag [6.96/12.92] Apparent H-band magnitude (1)
47- 52 F6.4 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.2] Standard error in Hmag
54- 59 F6.3 mag Kmag [6.55/12.73] Apparent K-band magnitude (1)
61- 66 F6.4 mag e_Kmag [0.007/0.1] Standard error in Kmag
68- 76 A9 --- --- [Gaia EDR3]
78- 96 I19 --- Gaia ? Unique source designation of Gaia EDR3
98- 104 F7.4 mas plx [-3.5/17.1]? Absolute stellar parallax from
Gaia EDR3
106- 111 F6.4 mas e_plx [0.009/0.7]? Standard error in plx
113- 119 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-60.31/18.11]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion along
RA; pmRA*cosDE
121- 125 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.01/0.8]? Standard error in pmRA
127- 133 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-35.7/113]? Gaia EDR3 Proper motion along
Declination
135- 139 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.01/0.8]? Standard error in pmDE
141- 144 F4.2 mag EBV [0/0.52]? The (B-V) color excess
146- 151 F6.3 mag Jmag0 [7.63/13.5] Extinction corrected magnitude in
Jmag (2)
153- 158 F6.3 mag Hmag0 [6.96/12.92] Extinction corrected magnitude in
Hmag (2)
160- 165 F6.3 mag Kmag0 [6.54/12.71] Extinction corrected magnitude in
Kmag (2)
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Note (1): 2MASS photometric system.
Note (2): UKIRT photometric system.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ren et al. Paper I (M31+M33) 2021ApJ...907...18R 2021ApJ...907...18R Cat. J/ApJ/907/18
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Jun-2023