J/ApJ/924/55 UV and optical obs. of type Ic SN 2020oi (Gagliano+, 2022)
An early-time optical and ultraviolet excess in the type-Ic SN 2020oi.
Gagliano A., Izzo L., Kilpatrick C.D., Mockler B., Jacobson-Galan W.V.,
Terreran G., Dimitriadis G., Zenati Y., Auchettl K., Drout M.R.,
Narayan G., Foley R.J., Margutti R., Rest A., Jones D.O., Aganze C.,
Aleo P.D., Burgasser A.J., Coulter D.A., Gerasimov R., Gall C., Hjorth J.,
Hsu C.-C., Magnier E.A., Mandel K.S., Piro A.L., Rojas-Bravo C.,
Siebert M.R., Stacey H., Stroh M.C., Swift J.J., Taggart K., Tinyanont S.,
Young Supernova Experiment
<Astrophys. J., 924, 55 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...924...55G 2022ApJ...924...55G
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae; Spectra, optical; Photometry, ultraviolet
Keywords: Core-collapse supernovae ; Type Ic supernovae ; Galaxy spectroscopy ;
Hubble Space Telescope ; Explosive nucleosynthesis ;
Circumstellar envelopes ; Spiral galaxies
Abstract:
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of Supernova
2020oi (SN 2020oi), a nearby (∼17Mpc) type-Ic supernova (SNIc) within
the grand-design spiral M100. We undertake a comprehensive analysis to
characterize the evolution of SN 2020oi and constrain its progenitor
system. We detect flux in excess of the fireball rise model
δt∼2.5d from the date of explosion in multiband optical and UV
photometry from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Neil Gehrels Swift
Observatory, respectively. The derived SN bolometric luminosity is
consistent with an explosion with Mej=0.81±0.03M☉,
Ek=0.79+/_0.09x1051erg/s, and MNi56=0.08±0.02M☉.
Inspection of the event's decline reveals the highest Δm15,bol
reported for a stripped-envelope event to date. Modeling of optical
spectra near event peak indicates a partially mixed ejecta comparable
in composition to the ejecta observed in SN1994I, while the earliest
spectrum shows signatures of a possible interaction with material of a
distinct composition surrounding the SN progenitor. Further, Hubble
Space Telescope pre-explosion imaging reveals a stellar cluster
coincident with the event. From the cluster photometry, we derive the
mass and age of the SN progenitor using stellar evolution models
implemented in the BPASS library. Our results indicate that SN 2020oi
occurred in a binary system from a progenitor of mass
MZAMS∼9.5±1.0M☉, corresponding to an age of 27±7Myr.
SN2020oi is the dimmest SN Ic event to date for which an early-time
flux excess has been observed, and the first in which an early excess
is unlikely to be associated with shock cooling.
Description:
We obtained archival HST images of the central region of M100 using
the Hubble Legacy Archive and the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes (MAST). These observations span nearly three decades.
We present a detailed summary of the HST observations in Table 1.
We observed SN 2020oi with the Las Cumbres Observatory Global
Telescope Network (LCO) 1m telescopes and LCO imagers from 2020-Jan-8
to Feb-05 in g'r'i' bands.
SN 2020oi was also observed with the Nickel 1m telescope at Lick
Observatory, Mt Hamilton, California, in BVr'i' bands from 2020-Jan-31
to Aug-08.
Observations of SN 2020oi were also obtained with the Thacher 0.7m
telescope located at Thacher Observatory, Ojai, California, from
2020-Jan-14 to Dec-21 in griz bands.
We further observed SN 2020oi with the Swope 1m telescope at Las
Campanas Observatory, Chile, starting on 2020-Jan-21 through Mar-15 in
uBVgri bands.
In addition to the photometry listed above, we include observations
obtained from the forced-photometry service of the Zwicky Transient
Facility (ZTF). These data, which began on 2020-Jan-07
(δt=2days) and continued through 2020-Apr-26 (δt=111days),
were obtained using the Palomar 48 inch telescope.
See Section 2.2.
To obtain ultraviolet (UV) photometry for SN 2020oi, we leverage the
extensive observations made of M100 by the Neil Gehrels Swift
Observatory. The earliest of these was obtained in 2005-Nov.
Observations were collected for SN 2020oi from 2 to 53 days
post-explosion. See Section 2.3.
We obtained deep X-ray observations of SN 2020oi with the Advanced CCD
imaging spectrometer (ACIS) instrument on board the Chandra X-ray
Observatory (CXO) on 2020 February 15 and March 13, 40 and 67 days
since explosion, respectively, (PI Stroh, IDs 23140, 23141) under an
approved DDT program 21508712. We do not find evidence for
statistically significant X-ray emission at the location of the SN in
either observations or in the co-added exposure. We note the presence
of diffuse soft X-ray emission from the host galaxy at the SN site.
See Section 2.4.
We have obtained 12 spectra from δt∼3.3 to δt∼41days
post-explosion. Two spectra were obtained with the Goodman High
Throughput Spectrograph at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR)
Telescope. Six were obtained with the FLOYDS spectrograph on the
Faulkes 2m telescopes of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Network (LCOGT), two with the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
(LRIS) on the Keck I telescope, and two with the Kast spectrograph on
the 3m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory.
See Section 2.5.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
12 22 54.93 +15 49 24.9 SN 2020oi = ZTF20aaelulu
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 94 38 HST pre-explosion cluster and SN 2020oi photometry
table2.dat 43 990 Optical and UV photometry of SN 2020oi
table3.dat 59 12 Optical spectroscopic observations of SN 2020oi
fig3.dat 45 41560 The full sequence of optical spectra obtained
for SN 2020oi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)
VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/133/791 : Spitzer phot. of normal & interacting gal. (Smith+, 2007)
J/ApJ/676/184 : Peculiar motion away from the Local Void (Tully+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/1485 : BVRI light curves of SN 2003jd (Valenti+, 2008)
J/AJ/137/4517 : UVOT light curves of supernovae (Brown+, 2009)
J/ApJ/702/226 : Swift/UVOT panchromatic obs. of SN 2008D (Modjaz+, 2009)
J/other/Nat/463.513 : Radio observations of SN 2009bb (Soderberg+, 2010)
J/ApJ/741/97 : Light curves of Ibc supernovae (Drout+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011)
J/ApJ/728/14 : Photometry of SN 2009bb (Pignata+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)
J/A+A/559/A114 : Updated O3N2 and N2 abundance indicators (Marino+, 2013)
J/ApJ/821/57 : Photometry of the Type Ib/c SN2013ge (Drout+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/L22 : BVRI LCs of type Ib supernova iPTF13bvn (Folatelli+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/other/Sci/362.201 : iPTF 14gqr (SN 2014ft) photometry (De+, 2018)
J/ApJ/855/107 : PMAS Integral-field SN hosts COmpilation (Galbany+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/39 : HST obs. of nearby core-collapse SNe (Williams+, 2018)
J/ApJ/870/L1 : K2 obs. of type Ia supernova SN 2018oh (Dimitriadis+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A57 : Supernova ASASSN-14jb light curves and spectra (Meza+, 2019)
J/ApJ/903/132 : Radio & optical obs. of supernova SN2020oi (Horesh+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/166 : UV to NIR obs. of SN 2019ehk (Jacobson-Galan+, 2020)
J/A+A/637/A6 : Stripped-envelope stars Binary Models (Laplace+, 2020)
J/ApJ/908/232 : SN 2020bvc optical and near-IR spectra (Rho+, 2021)
http://hla.stsci.edu/ : Hubble Legacy Archive home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "Y/M/D" Date Date of observation (UT)
12- 18 F7.1 d MJD [49352.6/59267] Modified Julian Date
20 A1 --- f_MJD [p] p=photometry obtained pre-explosion
22- 28 F7.1 --- Phase [-9501.4/413] Phase relative to time of
explosion (MJD=58854.0)
30- 38 A9 --- Inst Instrument
40- 44 A5 --- Filt Filter
46- 51 F6.1 s Exp [270/2400] Exposure time
53- 58 F6.3 mag mag [15.8/20.14] Apparent AB magnitude; not
corrected for host extinction
60- 64 F5.3 mag e_mag [0.004/0.2] Uncertainty on the mag
66- 71 F6.3 --- Limit [22.8/27.1] 3σ limit
73- 77 I5 --- PropID [5195/16179] Proposal ID
79- 94 A16 --- PI PI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.2 d MJD [58543.3/59275.4] Modified Julian Date
10- 16 F7.2 d Phase [-310.7/421.4] Phase relative to time of
explosion (MJD=58854.0)
18- 21 A4 --- Band Observational bandpass (UBV,G,ugriz, UVM2,UVW1 or
UVW2)
23 A1 --- l_mag Limit flag on mag
24- 28 F5.2 mag mag [12.57/20.5] Apparent magnitude in Band
30- 33 F4.2 mag e_mag [0.03/0.9]? Uncertainty in mag
35- 43 A9 --- Tel Telescope code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope code as follows:
Gaia = ESA's Gaia mission (1 occurrence);
LCO = Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network 1m telescopes
(434 occurrences);
Nickel = Nickel 1m telescope at Lick Observatory (25 occurrences);
PS1 = The Pan-STARRS1 Survey (7 occurrences);
Swift = Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (67 occurrences);
Swope = Swope 1m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory (162 occurrences);
Synthetic = Prospector (Leja+ 2017ApJ...837..170L 2017ApJ...837..170L) generated photometry
(see Section 10; 69 occurrences);
Thacher = Thacher 0.7m telescope (93 occurrences)
ZTF = Zwicky Transient Facility (132 occurrences).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "Y/M/D" Date Date of observation (UT)
12- 20 F9.3 d MJD [58857.3/58895] Modified Julian Date
(as in Figure 3)
22- 26 F5.1 d Phase [3.3/41] Phase relative to time of
explosion (MJD=58854.0)
28- 40 A13 --- Tel Telescope
42- 48 A7 --- Inst Instrument (FLOYDS, LRIS, KAST or Goodman)
50- 53 I4 0.1nm lam1 Lower range of wavelength in Å
54 A1 --- --- [-]
55- 59 I5 0.1nm lam2 Upper range of wavelength in Å
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 F9.3 d MJD [58857.3/58895] Modified Julian Date
11- 19 A9 --- Inst Instrument (1)
21- 30 F10.4 0.1nm lambda [3163.18/10200.7] Wavelength; Angstroms
32- 45 E14.9 cW/m2/nm Flux [-0.96/1.8e-14] Flux
in erg/s/cm2/Å units;
no color correction applied
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Instrument as follows:
FLOYDS = the FLOYDS spectrograph on the Faulkes 2m telescopes of the
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT;
14664 occurrences)
LRIS = the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the Keck I telescope
(11756 occurrences)
KAST = the Kast spectrograph on the 3m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory
(6750 occurrences)
Goodman = the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph at the Southern
Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope (5457 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Gagliano, Alexander Thomas [gaglian2 at illinois.edu]
History:
From electronic version of the journal
* In fig3.dat:
spectrum, without extinction correction for FLOYDS at MJD58880.4 has
been taken from http://github.com/uiucsn/SN2020oi/blob/master/data/
spectra/2020oispectra/orig/SN2020oifloyds20200201normnoext_cor.flm
few negative flux values corrected for KAST on MJD58892.0,
LRIS on MJD58895.0 and FLOYDS on MJD58879.421
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Aug-2023