J/ApJ/931/81 z∼2-10 galaxies magnified by HFF clusters. I. (Bouwens+, 2022)
z∼2-9 galaxies magnified by the Hubble Frontier Field clusters.
I. Source selection and surface density-magnification constraints from >2500
galaxies.
Bouwens R.J., Illingworth G., Ellis R.S., Oesch P., Paulino-Afonso A.,
Ribeiro B., Stefanon M.
<Astrophys. J., 931, 81 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...931...81B 2022ApJ...931...81B
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Gravitational lensing; Magnitudes, absolute;
Redshifts; Photometry, HST
Keywords: Strong gravitational lensing ; Dwarf galaxies ; Galaxy clusters ;
Lyman-break galaxies
Abstract:
We assemble a large comprehensive sample of 2534 z∼2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9 galaxies lensed by the six clusters from the Hubble Frontier
Fields (HFF) program. Making use of the availability of multiple
independent magnification models for each of the HFF clusters and
alternatively treating one of the models as the "truth," we show that
the median magnification factors from the v4 parametric models are
typically reliable to values of 30-50, and in one case to 100. Using
the median magnification factor from the latest v4 models, we estimate
the UV luminosities of the 2534 lensed z∼2-9 galaxies, finding sources
as faint as -12.4mag at z∼3 and -12.9mag at z∼7. We explicitly
demonstrate the power of the surface density-magnification relations
Σ(z) versus µ in the HFF clusters to constrain both distant
galaxy properties and cluster lensing properties. Based on the
Σ(z) versus µ relations, we show that the median
magnification estimates from existing public models must be reliable
predictors of the true magnification µ to µ<15 (95% confidence).
We also use the observed Σ(z) versus µ relations to derive
constraints on the evolution of the luminosity function faint-end
slope from z∼7 to z∼2, showing that faint-end slope results can be
consistent with blank-field studies if, and only if, the selection
efficiency shows no strong dependence on the magnification factor
µ. This can only be the case if very low-luminosity galaxies are
very small, being unresolved in deep lensing probes.
Description:
The primary data set for this study is the deep ultraviolet, optical,
and near-infrared observations with HST over the Hubble Frontier
Fields. These exposure times of the available HST observations vary
somewhat from cluster to cluster, but include at least 8, 8, 18, 10,
42, 24, 12, 10, and 24 orbits in the UV275, U336, B435, V606,
I814, Y105, J125, JH140, and H160 bands, respectively.
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
--------------------------------------------------------------
00 14 20.02 -30 23 17.8 Abell 2744 = MCS J0014.3-3022
04 16 08.37 -24 04 20.8 MACS0416 = MCS J0416.1-2403
07 17 36.49 +37 45 22.9 MACS0717 = MCS J0717.5+3745
11 49 35.79 +22 23 55.0 MACS1149 = MCS J1149.5+2223
22 48 45.36 -44 31 41.5 Abell S1063 = SPT-CL J2248-4431
02 39 50.50 -01 35 08.0 Abell 370 = ACT-CL J0239.8-0134
--------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 79 2536 A complete list of the sources included in the z∼2,
z∼3, z∼4, z∼5, z∼6, z∼7, z∼8, z∼9, and z∼10 samples
from the present selection and that of
Oesch+ 2018ApJ...855..105O 2018ApJ...855..105O
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See also:
J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)
J/AJ/132/1729 : Hubble Ultra Deep Field BVI-dropout sources (Beckwith+, 2006)
J/ApJ/728/27 : Chandra and AAOmega observations of Abell 2744 (Owers+, 2011)
J/ApJ/762/L30 : MCS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing analysis (Zitrin+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/444/268 : HST Frontier Fields clusters (Richard+, 2014)
J/ApJ/800/18 : HST/WFC3 obs. of z∼7-8 galaxies in A2744 (Atek+, 2015)
J/ApJ/803/34 : z∼4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)
J/ApJS/221/23 : IRAC HUDF and GOODS ultradeep surveys (Labbe+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/15 : Morphologies of z=0-10 galaxies with HST (Shibuya+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/44 : HST lensing analysis of the CLASH sample (Zitrin+, 2015)
J/ApJ/819/114 : Strong lensing mass modeling of 4 HFF cl. (Kawamata+, 2016)
J/ApJ/820/98 : Galaxy cand. in the Hubble Frontier Fields (Laporte+, 2016)
J/A+A/590/A31 : ASTRODEEP Frontier Fields Catalogues (Merlin+, 2016)
J/ApJ/843/41 : HST/WFC3 obs. of z∼2-8 gal. in 4 HFF cl. (Bouwens+, 2017)
J/A+A/600/A90 : MACS J0416.1-2403 redshift catalogue (Caminha+, 2017)
J/ApJ/835/113 : Gal. ≳6 from the Hubble Frontier Fields (Livermore+, 2017)
J/ApJ/854/73 : Full-data results of HFF: galaxies z∼6-9 (Ishigaki+, 2018)
J/ApJ/855/4 : Lyman break galaxies at z∼6-9 from HFF (Kawamata+, 2018)
J/ApJ/862/156 : High-z galaxy cand. in the HFF cluster fields (Leung+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/473/663 : MUSE and HFFs Photometry of A2744 (Mahler+, 2018)
J/ApJS/237/12 : The Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey (HDUV) (Oesch+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/14 : HFF-DeepSpace phot. cat. of 12 HFF fields (Shipley+, 2018)
J/AJ/162/47 : UV luminosity in ∼25000 2<z<9 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2021)
J/ApJ/927/81 : HFF cluster observations of z∼4-8 galaxies (Bouwens+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- ID Source ID
22- 23 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
25- 26 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 32 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
34 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
35- 36 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
41- 44 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
46- 50 F5.2 mag ABMag [24/34.1] Absolute magnitude in UV continuum
(AB magnitudes)
52- 53 I2 --- rset [2/10] Sample (1)
55- 56 I2 --- Cl [17/22] Data Set (2)
58- 61 F4.2 --- zphot [1.5/9.9] Photometric redshift as estimated by
EAZY (3)
63- 67 F5.1 --- TMagnf [1.3/100] Total Magnification Factor (4)
69- 73 F5.1 --- e_TMagnf [0/248.4] Lower uncertainty on TMagnF
75- 79 F5.1 --- E_TMagnf [0/915] Upper Uncertainty on TMagnF
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Note (1): The mean redshift of the sample in which the source was found
Note (2): The data set from which the source was selected as follows:
17 = Abell 2744 (512 sources)
18 = MACS0416 ( in Simbad; 547 sources)
19 = MACS0717 ( in Simbad; 322 sources)
20 = MACS1149 ( in Simbad; 445 sources)
21 = Abell S1063 (409 sources)
22 = Abell 370 (301 sources)
Note (3): Most likely redshift in the range z=1.5-11 as derived using the
EAzY photometric redshift code (Brammer+ 2008ApJ...686.1503B 2008ApJ...686.1503B) using
the same templates as discussed in S3.2
Note (4): Median of the magnification factor computed using the latest
parametric HFF models (see Table 2).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Bouwens et al. Paper II. 2022ApJ...940...55B 2022ApJ...940...55B
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 22-Mar-2024