J/ApJ/933/47 The ELVES survey photometric results (Carlsten+, 2022)
The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) survey: a nearly
volume-limited sample of nearby dwarf satellite systems.
Carlsten S.G., Greene J.E., Beaton R.L., Danieli S., Greco J.P.
<Astrophys. J., 933, 47 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...933...47C 2022ApJ...933...47C
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, dwarf; Photometry, ugriz; Magnitudes, absolute;
Surveys; Ultraviolet; Local group
Keywords: Dwarf galaxies ; Low surface brightness galaxies ; Local Group ;
Galaxy groups
Abstract:
We present the final sample of the Exploration of Local VolumE
Satellites (ELVES) survey, a survey of the dwarf satellites of a
nearly volume-limited sample of Milky Way (MW)-like hosts in the Local
Volume. Hosts are selected simply via a cut in luminosity
(MKs<-22.1mag) and distance (D<12Mpc). We cataloged the satellites
of 25 of the 31 such hosts, with another five taken from the
literature. All hosts are surveyed out to at least 150 projected kpc
(∼Rvir/2), with the majority surveyed to 300kpc (∼Rvir).
Satellites are detected using a consistent semiautomated algorithm
specialized for low surface brightness dwarfs. As shown through
extensive tests with injected galaxies, the catalogs are complete to
MV~-9mag and µ0,V∼26.5mag/arcsec2. Candidates are confirmed
to be real satellites through distance measurements including
redshift, tip of the red giant branch, and surface brightness
fluctuations. Across all 30 surveyed hosts, there are 338 confirmed
satellites with MV<-9mag, with a further 106 candidates awaiting
distance measurement. For the vast majority of these, we provide
consistent multiband Sersic photometry. We show that satellite
abundance correlates with host mass, with the MW being quite typical
among comparable systems, and that satellite quenched fraction rises
steeply with decreasing satellite mass, mirroring the quenched
fraction for the MW and M31. The ELVES survey represents a massive
increase in the statistics of surveyed systems with known
completeness, and the provided catalogs are a unique data set to
explore various aspects of small-scale structure and dwarf galaxy
evolution.
Description:
The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) survey is a survey
to detect and characterize low-mass, dwarf satellite galaxies around
nearby, massive hosts in the Local Volume). This work represents the
final results of the photometric part of the survey.
The full ELVES survey is an extension of our earlier survey presented
in Carlsten+ (2020ApJ...891..144C 2020ApJ...891..144C & 2021ApJ...908..109C 2021ApJ...908..109C). That work
presented a set of local volume (LV; D<12Mpc) hosts surveyed with
archival Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT)/MegaCam data. The ELVES
sample is considerably expanded by using the extremely wide field
DECaLS imaging data sets.
We also used Gemini/GMOS data from programs FT-2020A-060,
US-2020B-037, and US-2021B-0018 (PI: S. Carlsten).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table6.dat 113 251 Confirmed dwarf satellite distance results
table7.dat 83 196 Rejected background contaminants distance results
table8.dat 53 106 Unconfirmed/possible candidate satellites
table9.dat 159 444 Satellite photometry
table10.dat 93 271 GALEX photometry for confirmed satellites
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See also:
B/cfht : Log of CFHT Exposures (CADC, 1979-)
VIII/73 : HI Parkes All Sky Survey Catalogue (HIPASS) (Meyer+, 2004)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
VII/292 : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8 (Duncan, 2022)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/126/2152 : Cluster And Infall Region Nearby Survey. I (Rines+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/2031 : Catalog of neighboring galaxies (Karachentsev+, 2004)
J/ApJS/173/185 : GALEX UV atlas of nearby galaxies (Gil de Paz+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/504 : Galaxies around CenA/M83 complex (Karachentsev+, 2007)
J/ApJS/173/293 : UV-Optical galaxy color-magnitude diagram I. (Wyder+, 2007)
J/ApJS/178/247 : Hα and [NII] survey in local 11 Mpc (Kennicutt+, 2008)
J/ApJ/681/197 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV (Peng+, 2008)
J/AJ/138/332 : LEDA CMD/tip of the red giant branch (Jacobs+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/706/599 : Hα and UV SFR in the local volume (Lee+, 2009)
J/AJ/138/338 : Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. IX. (Stierwalt+, 2009)
J/ApJS/192/6 : A GALEX UV imaging survey of nearby galaxies (Lee+, 2011)
J/ApJ/758/11 : Bayesian distances to M31 satellites (Conn+, 2012)
J/ApJS/199/26 : The 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) (Huchra+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/AJ/146/46 : Star Formation Rate in nearby galaxies (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/AJ/145/101 : Updated nearby galaxy catalog (Karachentsev+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/881 : LVL global optical photometry (Cook+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/445/899 : LVL SEDs and physical properties (Cook+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)
J/ApJ/833/167 : PAndAS view of Andromeda satellites. II. (Martin+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)
J/ApJ/857/104 : Low surface brightness galaxies from HSC-SSP (Greco+, 2018)
J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)
J/ApJ/868/55 : Structure of M31 halo. II. PAndAS (McConnachie+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A96 : VI photometry in 3 dwarf galaxies (Mueller+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/23 : LEGUS galaxies1 observations (Sabbi+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A165 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IV. dwarf gal. (Venhola+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/478/5336 : z-low satellite galaxies in COSMOS survey (Xi+, 2018)
J/ApJS/244/24 : A z=0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. (Leroy+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/L2 : [TT2009] 25 vicinity VI photometry (Mueller+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A18 : Deep VI phot. of 15 dwarf galaxy candidates (Mueller+, 2019)
J/ApJS/240/1 : SMUDGes. I. The Coma Cluster (Zaritsky+, 2019)
J/ApJ/893/47 : MW satellite census. I. DES & PS1 (Drlica-Wagner+, 2020)
J/ApJ/890/128 : NGVS. XIV. Virgo cluster members (Ferrarese+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/1901 : Dwarf gal. in the MATLAS low-density fields (Habas+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/39 : GBT HI obs. of ultradiffuse galaxies (Karunakaran+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/494/2600 : Immediate Milky Way's neighbours (Neuzil+, 2020)
J/ApJ/906/96 : Dwarfs gal. in DC Justice League Simul. (Applebaum+, 2021)
J/ApJ/909/211 : HST obs. of MADCASH-1 and MADCASH-2 (Carlin+, 2021)
J/ApJ/922/267 : Dwarf galaxies photometry & structures (Carlsten+, 2021)
J/ApJ/907/85 : SAGA Survey. II. Satellite systems around gal. (Mao+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A92 : Dwarf spheroidal galaxies in CenA group (Mueller+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/500/2049 : The quiescent fraction of isolated LSBGs (Prole+, 2021)
J/ApJ/913/53 : Gas content of dwarf gal. within 2Mpc of MW (Putman+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A100 : Fornax Deep Survey with VST. XI. (Su+, 2021)
J/ApJS/252/18 : Low-surface-brightness gal. from DES Y3 (Tanoglidis+, 2021)
J/A+A/659/A92 : HydraI galaxy cluster dwarf catalog (HCDC) (La Marca+, 2022)
http://www.legacysurvey.org/ : DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys homepage
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Dwarf galaxy name
16- 22 F7.3 deg RAdeg [11.78/288] Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 30 F7.3 deg DEdeg [-64.3/56] Declination (J2000)
32- 38 A7 --- Host Host galaxy name
40- 44 F5.2 Mpc D-Host [3.5/12] Host distance
46- 50 F5.2 Mpc D-SBF [3.3/13]? Surface brightness fluctuation
(SBF) distance
52- 56 F5.2 Mpc lb2Dist [1.8/11.5]? Lower 2σ bound on Dist
58- 62 F5.2 Mpc lb1Dist [2.7/12]? Lower 1σ bound on Dist
64- 68 F5.2 Mpc ub1Dist [4.3/15]? Upper 1σ bound on Dist
70- 74 F5.2 Mpc ub2Dist [5.5/18]? Upper 2σ bound on Dist
76- 80 F5.2 --- SNR [3.2/83]? SBF Signal-to-noise ratio
82- 89 A8 --- Tel SBF Source (1)
91- 95 A5 --- Conf Confirmation criteria exception (G1)
97-100 I4 km/s vrec [140/1353]? Recessional velocity
102-105 A4 --- r_vrec Source for vrec (G2)
107-111 F5.2 Mpc D-trgb [3/11]? Distance, tip of the red giant branch
113-113 A1 --- r_D-trgb Source for D-trgb (G2)
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Note (1): Even though we have deeper Gemini/GMOS, Magellan/IMACS, and
Subaru/HSC data for many dwarfs for surface brightness fluctuation
(SBF), we do not present the photometry from those data in an attempt
to limit the number of filter systems used.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Dwarf galaxy name
16- 22 F7.3 deg RAdeg [7.8/289] Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 30 F7.3 deg DEdeg [-65/57] Declination (J2000)
32- 38 A7 --- Host Host galaxy name
40- 44 F5.2 Mpc D-Host [3.5/12] Host distance
46- 50 F5.2 Mpc D-SBF [3.7/25]? SBF lower 2σ bound on distance
52- 59 A8 --- Tel SBF Source
61- 65 A5 --- Conf Confirmation criteria exception; see Section 5.3
(only 1 occurrence =True) (G1)
67- 70 I4 km/s vrec [307/5600]? Recessional velocity
72- 75 A4 --- r_vrec Source for vrec (G2)
77- 77 A1 --- l_D-trgb Limit flag on D-trgb
78- 81 F4.2 Mpc D-trgb [3.8/9.7]? Distance, tip of the red giant branch
83 A1 --- r_D-trgb Source for D-trgb (G2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Dwarf galaxy name
16- 22 F7.3 deg RAdeg [9/289] Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 30 F7.3 deg DEdeg [-65/57] Declination (J2000)
32- 38 A7 --- Host Host galaxy name
40- 44 F5.2 Mpc D-Host [3.5/11.9] Host distance
46- 53 A8 --- Tel SBF Source for attempt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Dwarf galaxy name
16- 22 A7 --- Host Host galaxy name
24- 31 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
33- 40 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
42- 46 F5.1 kpc Rproj [5.5/370] Projected, on-sky separation
from host
48- 52 F5.2 mag gmag [9.4/21.5]? g-band magnitude
54- 57 F4.2 mag e_gmag [0.01/0.7]? Uncertainty in gmag
59- 63 F5.2 mag rimag [8.9/21]? R/i-band magnitude
65- 68 F4.2 mag e_rimag [0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in rimag
70- 75 F6.2 mag gMag [-19.4/-8.7]? Absolute g-band magnitude
77- 82 F6.2 mag VMag [-21/-9] Absolute V-band magnitude
84- 87 F4.2 mag e_VMag [0.01/0.7]? Uncertainty in VMag
89- 93 F5.2 [Msun] logMs [4.9/10.7] Log, stellar mass
95- 98 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMs [0.1/0.37]? Uncertainty in logMs
100- 104 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mu0V [11/28]? Central V-band surface brightness
106- 109 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_mu0V [0/0.8]? Uncertainty in mu0V
111- 117 F7.1 pc re [110/13338]? Effective radius
119- 123 F5.1 pc e_re [0.1/685]? Uncertainty in re
125- 129 A5 --- ETG Morphological classification, early-type
(True) or late-type (False)
131- 135 A5 --- Conf Flag indicating whether candidate has been
confirmed with a distance measurement
137- 140 F4.2 --- Psat [0/1] Likelihood of unconfirmed
satellite (1)
142- 143 A2 --- Filt Filter list confirming bands ("gi" or "gr")
147- 155 A9 --- Tel Telescope
157- 159 A3 --- Bad Bad photometry flag
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Note (1): Psat estimates the likelihood of the unconfirmed satellites being
true satellites based on the candidates luminosity and surface
brightness, see Sec. 5.6
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Dwarf galaxy name
16- 22 A7 --- Host Host galaxy name
24- 31 F8.4 deg RAdeg [11.8/288] Right Ascension (J2000)
33- 40 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-64.3/71.5] Declination (J2000)
42- 42 A1 --- l_NUVmag Limit flag on NUVmag (1)
43- 47 F5.2 --- NUVmag [12.4/24.2] GALEX FUV magnitude (1)
49- 52 F4.2 --- e_NUVmag [0.05/0.8]? Uncertainty in NUVmag (1)
54- 54 A1 --- l_FUVmag Limit flag on FUVmag (1)
55- 59 F5.2 --- FUVmag [12.5/24.5] GALEX FUV magnitude (1)
61- 64 F4.2 --- e_FUVmag [0.05/0.7]? Uncertainty in FUVmag (1)
66- 93 A28 --- GALEX GALEX imaging dataset in the MAST archive
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For dwarfs with a detection with S/N<2, a 2σ lower limit
to the UV magnitude is given and the error value is null.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Galaxies marked "True" by this flag are exceptions to the usual
confirmation criteria, see text for details.
Note (G2): Sources as follows:
a = Karachentsev et al. (2013, J/AJ/145/101)
b = Sand et al. (2014ApJ...793L...7S 2014ApJ...793L...7S)
c = Toloba et al. (2016ApJ...816L...5T 2016ApJ...816L...5T)
d = Muller et al. (2019, J/A+A/629/L2)
e = Meyer et al. (2004MNRAS.350.1195M 2004MNRAS.350.1195M Cat. VIII/73)
f = Irwin et al. (2009ApJ...692.1447I 2009ApJ...692.1447I)
g = Karachentsev et al. (2022AJ....163..234K 2022AJ....163..234K)
h = Cohen et al. (2018ApJ...868...96C 2018ApJ...868...96C)
i = Sabbi et al. (2018, J/ApJS/235/23)
j = Tully et al. (2016, J/AJ/152/50)
k = Kim et al. (2020ApJ...905..104K 2020ApJ...905..104K)
l = Haynes et al. (2018, J/ApJ/861/49)
m = Karunakaran et al. (2020, J/ApJ/902/39)
n = Rines et al. (2003, J/AJ/126/2152)
o = Smercina et al. (2018ApJ...863..152S 2018ApJ...863..152S)
p = Tikhonov et al. (2015AstL...41..239T 2015AstL...41..239T)
q = Danieli et al. (2017ApJ...837..136D 2017ApJ...837..136D)
r = Bennet et al. (2019ApJ...885..153B 2019ApJ...885..153B)
S = Simbad
t = Dalcanton et al. (2009ApJS..183...67D 2009ApJS..183...67D)
u = Dalcanton et al. (1997AJ....114..635D 1997AJ....114..635D)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Carlsten et al. Paper I. 2022ApJ...933...47C 2022ApJ...933...47C This catalog
Carlsten et al. Paper II. 2022ApJ...927...44C 2022ApJ...927...44C
Greene et al. Paper III. 2023ApJ...949...94G 2023ApJ...949...94G
Danieli et al. Paper IV. 2023ApJ...956....6D 2023ApJ...956....6D
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Nov-2023