J/ApJ/939/32 Photometric monitoring from 2008-2018 of 11 PPNe (Hrivnak+, 2022)
Variability in protoplanetary nebulae.
IX. Evidence for evolution in a decade.
Hrivnak B.J., Lu W., Bakke W.C., Grimm P.J.
<Astrophys. J., 939, 32 (2022)>
=2022ApJ...939...32H 2022ApJ...939...32H
ADC_Keywords: Planetary nebulae; Photometry, UBV; Stars, giant; Stars, F-type;
Stars, G-type
Keywords: Protoplanetary nebulae ; Multi-periodic variable stars ;
Post-asymptotic giant branch stars ; Evolved stars ;
Stellar pulsations ; Pulsating variable stars ;
Late stellar evolution ; Stellar evolution
Abstract:
We have carried out a new photometric V,RC study of 12
protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between
the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases of stellar
evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data
from 1994-2007, that found that all 12 varied periodically, with
pulsation periods in the range of ∼38 to ∼150 days. They are all
carbon-rich, with F-G spectral types. We combined our new (2008-2018)
data with publicly available All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae
data and determined new periods for their variability. The older and
newer period values were compared to investigate evidence of period
change, for which there is theoretical support that it might be
detectable in a decade or two in some cases. Such a detection is
challenging since the light curves are complicated, with multiple
periods, changing amplitudes, and evidence of shocks. Nevertheless, we
found one, and possibly two, such cases, which are associated with the
higher-temperature stars in the sample (7250 and 8000 K). These
results are most consistent with the evolution of stars at the lower
end of the mass range of carbon stars, ∼1.5-2M☉. Several of the
stars show longer-term trends of increasing (six cases) or decreasing
(one case) brightness, which we think is most likely due to changes in
the circumstellar dust opacity. There is one case of a possible ∼1.8yr
period in addition to the shorter pulsation. This is interpreted as
possible evidence of an orbiting companion.
Description:
We continued our observations of 11 of the 12 objects given by
Hrivnak+ (2010, J/ApJ/709/1042 ; Paper I) from 2008 through 2018 at
the Valparaiso University Observatory (VUO), using a new SBIG 6303 CCD
camera.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 133 12 *List of C-rich protoplanetary nebulae (PPNs)
observed
table3.dat 70 2189 Differential standard BVRc magnitudes for the
program objects from 2008-2018
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Note on table1.dat: No new Valparaiso University Observatory (VUO) observations
were made for IRAS 20000+3239. See Section 4.3.
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See also:
II/118 : UBVRI standards around Celestial Equator (Landolt 1983)
II/183 : UBVRI Photometric Standards (Landolt 1992)
J/A+A/267/515 : Very cold C-rich circumstellar envelopes (Omont+ 1993)
J/ApJS/92/125 : Post-AGB evolution (Vassiliadis+, 1994)
J/A+A/299/755 : Stellar evolution. II. Post-AGB (Bloecker+, 1995)
J/other/PZ/29.1 : UBV light curves of V354 Lac (Arkhipova+, 2009)
J/ApJ/709/1042 : Variability in C-rich proto-PNe. (Hrivnak+, 2010)
J/ApJ/766/116 : Variability in proto-PNe. II. (Hrivnak+, 2013)
J/A+A/587/A6 : Linelist of 14 Galactic post-AGB stars (De Smedt+, 2016)
J/A+A/588/A25 : Post-AGB/CSPNe evolutionary models (Miller Bertolami, 2016)
J/ApJ/826/44 : Spitzer/IRS obs. of Magellanic carbon stars (Sloan+, 2016)
J/AJ/159/21 : V and Rc light curves of medium-bright PPNe (Hrivnak+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/508/2226 : Binary central star of V510 Pup (Manick+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name IRAS identifier; except flagged
18 A1 --- f_Name Flag on Name (1)
20- 36 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier
38- 56 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia identifier
58 A1 --- f_Gaia e: not included in the Gaia catalog
60- 61 I2 h RAh 2MASS hour of right ascension (J2000)
63- 64 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
66- 69 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
71 A1 --- DE- 2MASS sign of declination (J2000)
72- 73 I2 deg DEd 2MASS degree of declination (J2000)
75- 76 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
78- 79 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
81- 85 F5.1 deg GLON [24/208.9] Galactic longitude
87- 91 F5.1 deg GLAT [-21/17.1] Galactic latitude
93- 96 F4.1 mag Vmag [8.2/14.2] V magnitude (2)
98-100 F3.1 mag B-V [0.5/2.8]? B-V color index (2)
102-111 A10 --- SpT Spectral type
113-133 A21 --- OName Other name(s)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
c = Listed in the IRAS Faint Source Reject File (thus the "Z") but not
in the Point Source Catalog.
d = Not included in the IRAS Point Source Catalog.
Note (2): These values are all variable as discussed in this paper. They are
based on our measurements, except for the B-V measurement of
IRAS 07134+1005 and the V measurement of AFGL 2688, which are from SIMBAD.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name Program Object Name (as in Table 1)
18- 27 F10.4 d HJDV [54657.8/58334.74]? Heliocentric Julian Date,
V band observation; HJDV-2400000
29- 34 F6.3 mag DelV [-2.8/1.72]? Differential magnitude in V
36- 45 F10.4 d HJDRc [54654.7/58334.74]? Heliocentric Julian Date,
Rc band observation; HJDRc-2400000
47- 52 F6.3 mag DelRc [-3.12/1.01]? Differential magnitude in Rc
54- 63 F10.4 d HJDB [54657.8/58334.75]? Heliocentric Julian Date,
B band observation; HJD-2400000
65- 70 F6.3 mag DelB [-2.9/-0.6]? Differential Magnitude in B
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Hrivnak et al. Paper I. 2010ApJ...709.1042H 2010ApJ...709.1042H Cat. J/ApJ/709/1042
Hrivnak et al. Paper II. 2013ApJ...766..116H 2013ApJ...766..116H Cat. J/ApJ/766/116
Hrivnak et al. Paper III. 2015ApJ...805...78H 2015ApJ...805...78H
Hrivnak et al. Paper IV. 2015AJ....149..184H 2015AJ....149..184H Cat. J/AJ/149/184
Hrivnak et al. Paper V. 2018AJ....156..300H 2018AJ....156..300H Cat. J/AJ/156/300
Hrivnak et al. Paper VI. 2020AJ....159...21H 2020AJ....159...21H Cat. J/AJ/159/21
Hrivnak et al. Paper VII. 2020ApJ...901....9H 2020ApJ...901....9H Cat. J/ApJ/901/9
Hrivnak et al. Paper VIII. 2021AJ....162..248H 2021AJ....162..248H
Hrivnak et al. Paper IX. 2022ApJ...939...32H 2022ApJ...939...32H This catalog
Hrivnak et al. Paper X. 2024AJ....167...30H 2024AJ....167...30H Cat. J/AJ/167/30
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 05-Sep-2024