J/ApJ/942/9 LCs and sp. of 30 ZTF TDEs (Hammerstein+, 2023)
The final season reimagined: 30 tidal disruption events from the ZTF-I survey.
Hammerstein E., van Velzen S., Gezari S., Cenko S.B., Yao Y., Ward C.,
Frederick S., Villanueva N., Somalwar J.J., Graham M.J., Kulkarni S.R.,
Stern D., Andreoni I., Bellm E.C., Dekany R., Dhawan S., Drake A.J.,
Fremling C., Gatkine P., Groom S.L., Ho A.Y.Q., Kasliwal M.M.,
Karambelkar V., Kool E.C., Masci F.J., Medford M.S., Perley D.A.,
Purdum J., van Roestel J., Sharma Y., Sollerman J., Taggart K., Yan L.
<Astrophys. J., 942, 9 (2023)>
=2023ApJ...942....9H 2023ApJ...942....9H
ADC_Keywords: Black holes; Photometry; Spectra, optical; Redshifts; Transient
Keywords: Astrophysical black holes ; Tidal disruption ; Galaxy nuclei ;
High energy astrophysics ; Supermassive black holes
Abstract:
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) offer a unique way to study dormant
black holes. While the number of observed TDEs has grown thanks to the
emergence of wide-field surveys in the past few decades, questions
regarding the nature of the observed optical, UV, and X-ray emission
remain. We present a uniformly selected sample of 30 spectroscopically
classified TDEs from the Zwicky Transient Facility Phase I survey
operations with follow-up Swift UV and X-ray observations. Through our
investigation into correlations between light-curve properties, we
recover a shallow positive correlation between the peak bolometric
luminosity and decay timescales. We introduce a new spectroscopic
class of TDE, TDE-featureless, which are characterized by featureless
optical spectra. The new TDE-featureless class shows larger peak
bolometric luminosities, peak blackbody temperatures, and peak
blackbody radii. We examine the differences between the X-ray bright
and X-ray faint populations of TDEs in this sample, finding that X-ray
bright TDEs show higher peak blackbody luminosities than the X-ray
faint subsample. This sample of optically selected TDEs is the largest
sample of TDEs from a single survey yet, and the systematic discovery,
classification, and follow-up of this sample allows for robust
characterization of TDE properties, an important stepping stone
looking forward toward the Rubin era.
Description:
In this paper, we present a sample of 30 spectroscopically classified
tidal disruption events (TDEs) from the ZTF survey. We performed
forced PSF photometry to extract precise flux measurements of each
source through the ZTF forced-photometry service using ZTF DR12.
All 30 TDEs were followed up with observations from the Neil Gehrels
Swift Observatory in the UV with UVOT and the X-ray with XRT.
See Section 4.2.
We obtained additional forced photometry of all 30 TDEs from the
Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey using the
ATLAS forced photometry service. See Section 4.3.
We describe the spectra for each event presented in this sample in
Appendix A and Table 5. Most of them come from the Lowell Discovery
Telescope (LDT) and the Palomar P200 Double Spectrograph (DBSP).
Observations ranges from 2018 Apr 04 to 2021 Jan 11.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 169 30 ZTF-I tidal disruption events (TDEs)
table5.dat 96 56 Spectroscopic observations
sp/* . 56 Individual spectra in ASCII format
(Data behind Figures 14-16)
lcs/* . 30 Individual LCs in ASCII format
(Data behind Figures 17-18)
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See also:
VII/273 : The Half Million Quasars (HMQ) catalogue (Flesch, 2015)
VII/290 : The Million Quasars (Milliquas) catalogue, version 7.2 (Flesch, 2021)
J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/793/38 : Palomar Transient Factory photometric obs. (Arcavi+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/3 : SDSS bulge, disk and stellar mass estimates (Mendel+, 2014)
J/A+A/594/A116 : HI4PI spectra and column density maps (HI4PI team+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/455/2918 : Phot. & line luminosities for ASASSN-14li (Holoien+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/463/3813 : ASASSN-15oi UBVI M2W1W2 light curves (Holoien+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/13 : Host-galaxy NUV-NIR of superluminous SNe (Perley+, 2016)
J/ApJ/844/46 : Phot. of the transient event iPTF16fnl (Blagorodnova+, 2017)
J/ApJ/868/99 : Post-starburst galaxies from surveys (French+, 2018)
J/ApJ/873/92 : Opt. & UV evol. of the TDE iPTF15af (Blagorodnova+, 2019)
J/ApJ/880/120 : Phot. of the tidal disruption event PS18kh (Holoien+, 2019)
J/ApJ/883/111 : UV-Opt LCs of ASASSN-19bt detected by TESS (Holoien+, 2019)
J/ApJ/872/198 : LC of tidal disruption flare AT2018zr (van Velzen+, 2019)
J/ApJ/903/31 : Phot. AT 2018hyz with Swift XRT, UVOT & Swope (Hung+, 2020)
J/ApJS/255/29 : PTF core-collapse SN host-galaxy sample. I. (Schulze+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/503/3931 : Core-collapses supernovae host galaxies (Taggart+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name IAU name (ATYYYYaaa)
11- 22 A12 --- ZTF ZTF Name (ZTFYYaaaaaaa)
24- 35 A12 --- Disc Discovery Name
37- 48 A12 --- GoT ZTF TDE Working Group nickname
50- 79 A30 --- ONames Other name(s)
81- 99 A19 --- Class First TDE classification (1)
101-119 A19 --- r_Class Bibcode of the first TDE classification;
column added by CDS
120 A1 --- f_Class [*] *:for AT2019azh see also
Hinkle+ 2021MNRAS.500.1673H 2021MNRAS.500.1673H
122-136 A15 --- Spec TDE spectral class (2)
138-142 F5.3 --- zspec Spectroscopic redshift (3)
144-169 A26 --- File Name of the file in subdirectory "lcs";
column added by CDS
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Note (1): First TDE classification report, corresponding to either this paper,
to van Velzen+ 2021ApJ...908....4V 2021ApJ...908....4V or ATel (Astronomer's Telegram,
http://astronomerstelegram.org/), AN (AstroNotes,
http://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes) and TNSCR (TNS classification reports).
Note (2): Classification as follows:
TDE-H = broad Hα and Hβ emission lines
TDE-H+He = broad Hα and Hβ emission lines and a broad complex
of emission lines around HeIIλ4686Å. The majority of the
sources in this class also show NIIIλ4640Å and
emission at λ4100Å (identified as NIIIλ4100Å
instead of Hδ), and in some cases also OIIIλ3760Å.
TDE-He = no broad Balmer emission lines, a broad emission line near
HeIIλ4686Å only.
TDE-featureless = no discernible emission lines or spectroscopic features
present in the three classes above, although host galaxy
absorption lines can be observed.
See section 2.3.
Note (3): Redshifts were determined using host galaxy stellar absorption
lines or narrow emission lines associated with star formation, namely
CaII H and K or narrow Hα emission.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name IAU name (ATYYYYaaa)
11- 21 A11 "Y/M/D" Date Observation date
23- 25 I3 d Phase [-15/297] Phase
27- 46 A20 --- Tel Telescope/Instrument
48 A1 --- r_Tel Flag on Tel (1)
50- 61 A12 --- ZTF ZTF name as in Table 1; column added by CDS
63- 96 A34 --- File Name of the file in subdirectory "sp";
column added by CDS
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Note (1): Flag on Tel as follows:
a = Arcavi (2018TNSCR2082....1A 2018TNSCR2082....1A)
b = Short et al. (2020MNRAS.498.4119S 2020MNRAS.498.4119S)
c = Short et al. (2019TNSCR.753....1S 2019TNSCR.753....1S)
d = Arcavi et al. (2020TNSCR1080....1A 2020TNSCR1080....1A)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-Nov-2024