J/ApJS/160/319 COUP: observations and source lists (Getman+, 2005)
Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project: observations and sources lists.
Getman K.V., Flaccomio E., Broos P.S., Grosso N., Tsujimoto M.,
Townsley L., Garmire G.P., Kastner J., Li J., Harnden F.R.JR, Wolk S.,
Murray S.S., Lada C.J., Muench A.A., McCaughrean M.J., Meeus G.,
Damiani F., Micela G., Sciortino S., Bally J., Hillenbrand L.A., Herbst W.,
Preibisch T., Feigelson E.D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 160, 319-352 (2005)>
=2005ApJS..160..319G 2005ApJS..160..319G
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open ; Interstellar medium ; Stars, early-type ;
Stars, pre-main sequence ; X-ray sources
Keywords: ISM: individual (Orion Nebula, OMC-1) -
open clusters and associations: individual (Orion) -
stars: early-type - stars: pre-main-sequence - X-rays: stars
Abstract:
We present a description of the data reduction methods and the derived
catalog of more than 1600 X-ray point sources from the exceptionally
deep 2003 January Chandra X-Ray Observatory (Chandra) observation of
the Orion Nebula Cluster and embedded populations around OMC-1. The
observation was obtained with Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging
Spectrometer (ACIS) and has been nicknamed the Chandra Orion Ultradeep
Project (COUP). With an 838ks exposure made over a continuous period
of 13.2 days, the COUP observation provides the most uniform and
comprehensive data set on the X-ray emission of normal stars ever
obtained in the history of X-ray astronomy.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 87 1616 COUP X-ray source locations
table4.dat 134 1616 COUP source X-ray photometry
table6.dat 123 1616 COUP source X-ray spectroscopy
table7.dat 67 1616 COUP source X-ray variability
table8.dat 53 1616 COUP source X-ray luminosities
table9.dat 141 1616 Probable optical counterparts of COUP sources
notes.dat 66 48 Notes on individual sources
table10.dat 88 1616 Probable near-infrared counterparts of COUP sources
table11.dat 117 201 Upper limits of undetected stars from
Hillenbrand (1997, Cat. J/AJ/113/1733)
table12.dat 64 1145 Upper limits of undetected sources from the
Two Micron All Sky Survey (Cat. II/246)
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See also:
B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/AJ/113/1733 : Orion Nebula Cluster population (Hillenbrand 1997)
J/AJ/116/1816 : JHKLMNOPQ photometry in Orion cluster (Hillenbrand+, 1998)
J/ApJ/540/236 : KH photometry of Orion Nebula Cluster (Hillenbrand+, 2000)
J/A+A/396/513 : Stellar Rotation in the Orion Nebula Cluster (Herbst+, 2002)
J/ApJ/573/366 : Infrared photometry of Trapezium cluster (Muench+, 2002)
J/AJ/128/1254 : VLT 3.8µm Trapezium catalog (Lada+, 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23- 31 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
33- 41 F9.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
43- 46 F4.2 arcsec PosErr Positional error, 1σ arcsec
48- 52 F5.2 arcmin Offaxis Off-axis angle
54- 59 A6 --- Flags Flag indicating source detection problem (1)
61 I1 --- Fl1 Flag indicating source detection map for
Chicago wavdetect (2)
62 I1 --- Fl2 Flag indicating source detection map for
Palermo wavelet detection (3)
64 I1 --- M1 Flag indicating source detection method (4)
65 I1 --- M2 Flag indicating source detection method (5)
66 I1 --- M3 Flag indicating source detection method (6)
68- 72 F5.1 --- SigAE Source significance (in σ)
from acis_extract
74- 78 F5.1 --- SigPWD ? Source significance (in σ) from
Palermo wavelet detection
80- 83 I4 --- ACIS ? Previous Chandra ACIS X-ray source
85- 87 I3 --- HRC ? Previous Chandra HRC X-ray source
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Note (1): Flag indicating source detection problem:
u----- = source existence is uncertain;
-d---- = double source (90% point spread function overlap);
--p--- = pileup source (photon surface brightness >0.003ct/s/pix);
---t-- = source extraction region crosses a bright source readout trail;
----w- = source in wings of a bright source with >20000ct,
or source with Offaxis<2';
-----x = source with inhomogeneous or low exposure map.
Note (2): Flag indicating source detection map for Chicago wavdetect,
defined as follows:
0 = no detection map for Chicago wavdetect
1 = total band (0.5-8keV) image
2 = soft band (0.5-2keV) image
3 = hard band (2-8keV) image
4 = very faint mode total band image
Note (3): Flag indicating source detection map for Palermo wavelet detection,
defined as follows:
0 = non-zero value of second digit indicates detection map
for Palermo wavelet detection
1 = very faint mode 0.3-7keV band image
2 = sub-pixel enhanced resolution 0.3-7keV band image
Note (4): Flag indicating source detection method, defined as follows:
0 = no detection using Chicago wavdetect
1 = probability threshold 1.10-6
2 = probability threshold 1.10-5
Note (5): Flag indicating source detection method, defined as follows:
0 = no detection using Palermo wavelet detection
1 = detection using Palermo wavelet detection
Note (6): Flag indicating source detection method, defined as follows:
0 = non-zero entry indicates that the source was found only by visual
inspection
1 = Penn State and Palermo groups
2 = Penn State group only
3 = Palermo group only
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23- 27 I5 ct SrcCts Source counts in extracted area
29- 32 I4 ct BkgCts Background counts in extracted area
34- 38 I5 ct NetCts Net counts in extracted area
40- 43 I4 pix ExtArea Extraction area
45- 49 F5.2 --- PSFFrac Point spread fraction in extracted area
at fiducial energy 1.5keV
51- 56 F6.1 ks ExpTime Exposure time
58- 63 F6.3 10+9cm2 CtFlConv Conversion factor between counts and
flux in units of 109ct.cm2/photon
65- 71 F7.3 [cm-2.s-1] Xflux Log of the 0.5-8.0keV Incident photon
flux in units of photons/cm2/s
73- 77 F5.2 keV Median energy corrected for background
79- 84 F6.2 --- HR1 ? Hardness ratio 1 (0.5-2.0/2.0-8.0keV) (1)
86- 90 F5.2 --- e_HR1 ? Lower uncertainty on HR1
92- 96 F5.2 --- E_HR1 ? Upper uncertainty on HR1
98-103 F6.2 --- HR2 ? Hardness ratio 2 (0.5-1.7/1.7-2.8keV) (1)
105-109 F5.2 --- e_HR2 ? Lower uncertainty on HR2
111-115 F5.2 --- E_HR2 ? Upper uncertainty on HR2
117-122 F6.2 --- HR3 ? Hardness ratio 3 (1.7-2.8/2.8-8.0keV) (1)
124-128 F5.2 --- e_HR3 ? Lower uncertainty on HR3
130-134 F5.2 --- E_HR3 ? Upper uncertainty on HR3
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Note (1): The hardness ratios are defined by HR=(Ctsh-Ctss)/(Ctsh+Ctss),
where subscripts "h" and "s" refer to a harder and softer band,
respectively. For COUP, we define HR1 to reproduce the commonly used
hardness ratio between the s=0.5-2.0keV and h=2.0-8.0keV bands,
HR2 to highlight the softer part of the spectrum between s=0.5-1.7keV
and h=1.7-2.8keV, and HR3 to measure the harder part of the spectrum
between s=1.7-2.8keV and h=2.8-8.0keV.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23- 28 F6.2 [cm-2] logNH ? Hydrogen column density
30- 35 F6.2 [cm-2] e_logNH ? Error in logNH
37- 42 F6.2 keV kT1 ? Energy of first plasma component
44- 49 F6.2 keV e_kT1 ? Error in kT1
51- 56 F6.2 keV kT2 ? Energy of second plasma component, if needed
58- 63 F6.2 keV e_kT2 ? Error in kT2
65- 70 F6.2 [cm-3] EM1 ? Emission measure of first plasma component
72- 76 F5.2 [cm-3] e_EM1 ? Error in EM1
78- 83 F6.2 [cm-3] EM2 ? Emission measure of second plasma component
85- 89 F5.2 [cm-3] e_EM2 ? Error in EM2
91- 95 F5.2 --- Chi2 ? Chi-squared per degree of freedom for
spectral fit
97-100 I4 --- d_Chi2 ? Degrees of freedom for Chi2
102-103 A2 --- f_Chi2 Spectral fit flag (1)
106-107 A2 --- Nph Spectral model flag (2)
108 A1 --- --- [.]
109 A1 --- Nc Spectral model flag (3)
110 A1 --- --- [.]
111-112 A2 --- Npl Spectral model flag (4)
115-123 A9 --- sFlags Spectral features and problems flag (5)
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Note (1): Flag marking low quality spectral fits:
m = marginal fit (probability of chi-squared between 0.005 and 0.05);
p = poor fit (probability of chi-squared less than 0.005).
Note (2): Number of photons binned together prior to spectral fitting.
Note (3): Number of absorption components used in the best fit.
Note (4): Number of plasma components used in the best fit. A "g" indicates
that a grid of initial spectral parameters was computed.
Note (5): Spectral features and problems flag:
l-------- = emission line deviations from fit;
-s------- = soft energy deviation from fit;
--h------ = hard energy deviation from fit;
---c----- = spectrum possibly corrupted by nearby source;
----t---- = possibly two components with different NH values;
-----p--- = poor statistics and/or poor fit;
------m-- = manual background extraction used due to PSF wings or
readout trails from bright sources;
-------a- = annular extraction region used for heavily pileup source;
--------w = whole extraction region used for slightly pileup source.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
24 A1 --- Var Variability flag (1)
26- 31 F6.2 [-] logP(KS) log probability of variability (2)
33- 36 I4 --- BBNum Bayesian blocks, number of segments
38- 44 F7.2 ct/ks BBMin Bayesian blocks, minimum count rate
46- 51 F6.2 ct/ks e_BBMin Bayesian blocks, error in minimum count rate
53- 60 F8.2 ct/ks BBMax Bayesian blocks, maximum count rate
62- 67 F6.2 ct/ks e_BBMax Bayesian blocks, error in maximum count rate
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Note (1): An x indicates the source is located on an ACIS CCD chip gap and the
variability analysis was based on the primary chip data only.
Note (2): This is the log of the probability that a source is constant, as
measured with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov 1-sample test. A value of -4.0
indicates a probability less than 0.0001.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23 A1 --- l_Ls Upper limit flag for Ls
24- 28 F5.2 [10-7W] Ls ? Log of the observed soft band
(0.5-2.0keV) luminosity (1)
30 A1 --- l_Lh Upper limit flag for Lh
31- 35 F5.2 [10-7W] Lh ? Log of the observed hard band
(2.0-8.0keV) luminosity
37- 41 F5.2 [10-7W] Lhc ? Log of the estimated luminosity in hard
band corrected for absorption
43- 47 F5.2 [10-7W] Lt Log of the observed total band
(0.5-8.0keV) luminosity
49- 53 F5.2 [10-7W] Ltc ? Log of the estimated luminosity in total
band corrected for absorption
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Note (1): In units of erg/s.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23- 28 A6 --- OptID Optical star designation (1)
30- 34 F5.2 arcsec OptOff ? COUP-optical positional offset (2)
36- 41 F6.2 mag Vmag ? The V band magnitude (2)
43- 48 F6.2 mag Imag ? The I band magnitude (2)
50- 60 A11 --- SpType Spectral type (2)
62- 67 F6.2 mag AV ? The visual absorption (2)
69- 74 F6.3 [K] log(Teff) ? Log of the stellar effective
temperature (2)
76- 81 F6.2 [solLum] log(LBol) ? Log of the stellar bolometric
luminosity (2)
83- 88 F6.2 solRad Rad ? Stellar radius (2)
90- 95 F6.2 solMass Mass ? Stellar mass (3)
97-101 F5.2 [yr] log(Age) ? Log of stellar age (3)
103-108 F6.2 mag Del(I-K) ? The Δ(I-K) near-infrared excess (4)
110-115 F6.1 0.1nm EWCa ? Equivalent width Ca II line in Å (4)
117-122 F6.2 mag <Vmag> ? The average V band magnitude (5)
124-128 F5.2 mag e_<Vmag> ? Error in Vmag (5)
130-134 F5.2 mag VRange ? Range in V band magnitudes (5)
136-141 F6.2 d Per ? Photometric rotational period (5)
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Note (1): 0-9999 from Hillenbrand (1997, Cat. J/AJ/113/1733),
10000-11000 from Herbst et al. (2002, Cat. J/A+A/396/513).
Notes on individual source 053508.0-053243:
This source spans optical stars 312 and 313.
Note (2): From Hillenbrand (1997, Cat. J/AJ/113/1733).
Note (3): Masses and ages from PMS models of Siess et al. (2000A&A...358..593S 2000A&A...358..593S).
Note (4): From Hillenbrand et al. (1998, Cat. J/AJ/116/1816).
Note (5): From Herbst et al. (2002, Cat. J/A+A/396/513) based on about 92
measurements.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
17 A1 --- --- [=]
19- 66 A48 --- Note Note
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- COUP COUP source number (1)
6- 21 A16 --- Name IAU designation
(COUP JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS in Simbad)
23- 38 A16 --- JHKSrc JHK source name (2)
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec JHKOff ? The COUP-JHK source positional offset
46- 50 F5.2 mag Jmag ? The J band magnitude
52- 56 F5.2 mag Hmag ? The H band magnitude
58- 62 F5.2 mag Ksmag ? The Ks band magnitude
64- 66 A3 --- r_Ksmag Source of photometry flag (3)
68- 70 A3 --- q_2M 2MASS photometric quality flag (G1)
72- 74 A3 --- f_2M 2MASS contamination and confusion flag (G2)
76 A1 --- r_Lmag Reference flag for Lmag (6)
78- 82 A5 --- LSrc The L band source name
84- 88 F5.2 mag Lmag ? The L band magnitude
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Note (1): Notes on individual sources:
053502.4-052046 = This source spans VLT stars 18 and 19
053516.2-052456 = This source spans VLT stars 575 and 580
053520.4-052329 = This source spans VLT stars 853 and 855
053521.3-052345 = This source spans VLT stars 902 and 905
053526.9-052400 = This source spans VLT stars 1107 and 1108
Note (2): When obtained from the 2MASS catalog (outer region of the field),
this is the IAU designation of the 2MASS source. When obtained from
the VLT merged catalog (inner region), this is the running source
number given by McCaughrean et al. (2005, in prep.).
Note (3): This is the flag for the merged catalog of McCaughrean et al.
(2005, in prep.) indicating the source of the photometry where the
three characters refer to the JHKs bands, respectively.
0 = Undetected;
1 = VLT;
2 = MLLA NTT;
3 = MLLA FLWO;
4 = Hillenbrand & Carpenter (2000, Cat. J/ApJ/540/236);
5 = 2MASS (and in few cases, other sources).
Note (6): References, defined as follows:
M = Muench, Lada, Lada, & Alves (2002, Cat. J/ApJ/573/366 - MLLA);
L = Lada, Muench, Lada, & Alves (2004, Cat. J/AJ/128/1254).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- [H97b] Optical star designation (1)
7- 15 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (1)
17- 25 F9.6 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (1)
27- 32 I6 ct LimCt Upper limit to the X-ray counts at this
location
34- 39 F6.1 ks ExpTime Exposure time at this location
41- 42 A2 --- ConfFl Confusion flag with nearby X-ray source
44- 49 F6.2 mag Vmag ? The V band magnitude (1)
51- 56 F6.2 mag Imag ? The I band magnitude (1)
58- 65 A8 --- SpType Spectral type (1)
67- 71 F5.2 mag AV ? The visual absorption (1)
73- 78 F6.3 [K] log(Teff) ? Log of the stellar effective
temperature (1)
80- 85 F6.2 [solLum] log(LBol) ? Log of the stellar bolometric
luminosity (1)
87- 91 F5.2 solRad Rad ? Stellar radius (1)
93- 97 F5.2 solMass Mass ? Stellar mass (2)
99-103 F5.2 [yr] log(Age) ? Log of the stellar age (2)
105-110 F6.2 mag Del(I-K) ? The Δ(I-K) near-infrared excess (3)
112-117 F6.1 0.1nm EWCa ? Equivalent width Ca II line
in Angstroms (3)
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Note (1): From Hillenbrand (1997, Cat. J/AJ/113/1733).
Note (2): Masses and ages from PMS models of Siess et al. (2000A&A...358..593S 2000A&A...358..593S)
Note (3): From Hillenbrand et al. (1998, Cat. J/AJ/116/1816).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS source name
18- 23 I6 ct LimCt Upper limit to the X-ray counts at this location
25- 30 F6.1 ks ExpTime Exposure time at this location
32- 33 A2 --- ConfFl Confusion flag with nearby X-ray source
35- 40 F6.2 mag Jmag The 2MASS J band magnitude
42- 47 F6.2 mag Hmag The 2MASS H band magnitude
49- 54 F6.2 mag Ksmag The 2MASS Ks band magnitude
56- 59 A4 --- q_2M 2MASS photometric quality flag (G1)
61- 64 A4 --- f_2M 2MASS contamination and confusion flag (G2)
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): This is the phqual flag provided in the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release
(Cat. II/246) where the three characters refer to the JHKs bands.
A = very high significance detection (>10 SNR);
B = high significance detection (>7 SNR);
C = moderate significance detection (>5 SNR);
D = low significance detection;
E = point spread fitting poor;
F = reliable photometric errors not available;
U = upper limit on magnitude (source not detected);
X = source is detected but no valid brightness estimate is available.
Note (G2): This is the ccflg provided in the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release
where (Cat. II/246) the three characters refer to the JHKs bands.
0 = source unaffected by artifacts;
b = bandmerge confusion (possible multiple source);
c = photometric confusion from nearby star;
d = diffraction spike confusion from nearby star;
p = persistence contamination from nearby star;
s = electronic stripe from nearby star.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Marianne Brouty [CDS] 28-Dec-2005