J/ApJS/175/509 Ammonia spectral atlas in Perseus (Rosolowsky+, 2008)
An ammonia spectral atlas of dense cores in Perseus.
Rosolowsky E.W., Pineda J.E., Foster J.B., Borkin M.A., Kauffmann J.,
Caselli P., Myers P.C., Goodman A.A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 175, 509-521 (2008)>
=2008ApJS..175..509R 2008ApJS..175..509R
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium ; Cross identifications ; Radio lines
Keywords: ISM: clouds - ISM: molecules - radio lines: ISM
Abstract:
We present ammonia observations of 193 dense cores and core candidates
in the Perseus molecular cloud made using the Robert F. Byrd Green
Bank Telescope. We simultaneously observed the NH3(1,1), NH3(2,2),
C2S (21=>10), and C342S(21=>10) transitions near
ν=23GHz for each of the targets with a spectral resolution of
δv∼0.024km/s. We find ammonia emission associated with nearly
all of the (sub)millimeter sources, as well as at several positions
with no associated continuum emission. For each detection, we have
measured physical properties by fitting a simple model to every
spectral line simultaneously. Where appropriate, we have refined the
model by accounting for low optical depths, multiple components along
the line of sight, and imperfect coupling to the GBT beam. For the
cores in Perseus, we find a typical kinetic temperature of Tk=11K, a
typical column density of NNH3∼1014.5/cm2, and velocity
dispersions ranging from σv=0.07 to 0.7km/s. However, many cores
with σv>0.2km/s show evidence for multiple velocity components
along the line of sight.
Description:
Observations, using the 100m Robert F. Byrd Green Bank Telescope
(GBT), were conducted from 2006 October 2 to November 10 in eight
separate observing shifts spanning a total of 59 hr.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 97 193 Summary of Observations
table3.dat 154 168 Derived Physical Properties
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Perseus (Hatchell+, 2007)
J/ApJ/646/1009 : Structures of dust in Perseus molecular cloud (Kirk+, 2006)
J/ApJ/638/293 : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)
J/ApJS/125/161 : A database of dense cores mapped in ammonia (Jijina+, 1999)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- NH3SRC Running source number (G1)
5 A1 --- r_NH3SRC Origin of source (2)
7- 17 A11 --- Region Region as defined in Figure 1
19- 20 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
22- 23 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
25- 28 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
30 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
40- 42 A3 --- Bolo Enoch et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/638/293)
source name (3)
44- 55 A12 --- SCUBA Kirk et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/646/1009)
catalog name (3)
57- 58 I2 min tint Total integration time
60- 62 I3 mK rms Noise level in NH3(1,1) spectrum (4)
64- 68 F5.2 K.km/s NH3(1,1) Integrated NH3(1,1) intensity (4)
70- 73 F4.2 K.km/s e_NH3(1,1) Uncertainty in NH3(1,1)
75- 80 F6.3 K.km/s NH3(2,2) Integrated NH3(2,2) intensity (4)
82- 86 F5.3 K.km/s e_NH3(2,2) Uncertainty in NH3(2,2)
88- 92 F5.2 K.km/s C2S Integrated C2S(1,1) intensity (4)
94- 97 F4.2 K.km/s e_C2S Uncertainty in C2S
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): Origin of source as follows:
B = BOLOCAM Core from Enoch et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/638/293);
S = SCUBA Core form Kirk et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/646/1009);
D = FIR Dust emission from Schnee et al. (2008ApJ...684.1228S 2008ApJ...684.1228S);
L = Literature sources in Jijina et al. (1999, Cat. J/ApJS/125/161).
Note (3): "N/A" is listed if the position is outside the boundaries of the
BOLOCAM ([EYG2006] Bolo NNN in Simbad) or SCUBA survey ([KJD2006] in
Simbad).
Note (4): On Tmb scale.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- NH3SRC Running source number (G1)
4- 5 A2 --- m_NH3SRC [.12 ] Mulltiplicity index (G1)
7 A1 --- f_NH3SRC [b] Multiple components (G1)
9- 15 F7.4 km/s VLSR Source LSR velocity
17- 22 F6.4 km/s e_VLSR Uncertainty in VLSR
24 A1 --- l_sigma Limit flag on sigma
25- 30 F6.4 km/s sigma NH3 line velocity dispersion
32- 37 F6.4 km/s e_sigma Uncertainty in sigma
39 A1 --- l_Tk Limit flag on Tk
40- 44 F5.2 K Tk ? Kinetic temperature
46- 49 F4.2 K e_Tk ? Uncertainty in Tk
51 A1 --- l_NH3 Limit flag on NH3
52- 57 F6.2 10+13cm-2 NH3 ? NH3 line column density
59- 62 F4.2 10+13cm-2 e_NH3 ? Uncertainty in NNH3 (2)
64 A1 --- l_C2S Limit flag on C2S
65- 69 F5.2 10+12cm-2 C2S ? C2S line column density
71- 74 F4.2 10+12cm-2 e_C2S ? Uncertainty in C2S
76- 81 F6.3 --- tau1 ? NH3(1,1) total line opacity
83- 87 F5.3 --- e_tau1 ? Uncertainty in tau1
89- 93 F5.2 K Tx ? NH3 excitation temperature
95- 98 F4.2 K e_Tx ? Uncertainty in Tx
100-103 F4.2 K t1(T-Tb) ? The τ1(Tx-Tbg) value (3)
105-108 F4.2 K e_t1(T-Tb) ? Uncertainty in t1(T-Tb)
110-113 F4.2 --- etaf ? Beam filling fraction when k=Tx (2)
115-119 F5.3 K TC2S ? C2S line peak temperature
121-125 F5.3 K e_TC2S ? Uncertainty in TC2S
127-131 F5.3 km/s sigC2S ? C2S line velocity dispersion
133-137 F5.3 km/s e_sigC2S ? Uncertainty in sigmaC2S
139-144 F6.3 km/s Voff ? C2S line velocity offset with
respect to NH3 complex
146-150 F5.3 km/s e_Voff ? Uncertainty in Voff
152-154 F3.1 --- chi2 Reduced χ2 fit (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): This property is affected by the overall amplitude calibration
which is subject to an additional ∼5% uncertainty.
Note (3): For lines-of-sight on which the opacity and excitation
temperature cannot be separately determined, the product
τ1(Tx-Tbg) is quoted.
Note (4): Since data are not completely independent, this is only a
goodness-of-fit parameter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global Notes:
Note (G1): [RPF2008] NH3SRC NNN in Simbad.
The source name (NH3SRC) has a decimal in the case of multiple
components in table3 which could be fitted independently; a 'b' in
the note indicates a spectrum showing evidence for multiple components
in one of the spectral lines, that cannot be resolved uniquely by
multicomponent fitting.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 25-Jun-2009