J/ApJS/188/405 Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)
Fermi Large Area Telescope first source catalog.
Abdo A.A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Allafort A., Antolini E., Atwood W.B.,
Axelsson M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D.,
Baughman B.M., Bechtol K., Bellazzini R., Belli F., Berenji B., Bisello D.,
Blandford R.D., Bloom E.D., Bonamente E., Bonnell J., Borgland A.W.,
Bouvier A., Bregeon J., Brez A., Brigida M., Bruel P., Burnett T.H.,
Busetto G., Buson S., Caliandro G.A., Cameron R.A., Campana R., Canadas B.,
Caraveo P.A., Carrigan S., Casandjian J.M., Cavazzuti E., Ceccanti M.,
Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C.C., Chiang J.,
Cillis A.N., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Conrad J., Corbet R.,
Davis D.S., Deklotz M., Den Hartog P.R., Dermer C.D., De Angelis A.,
De Luca A., De Palma F., Digel S.W., Dormody M., Do Couto E Silva E.,
Drell P.S., Dubois R., Dumora D., Fabiani D., Farnier C., Favuzzi C.,
Fegan S.J., Ferrara E.C., Focke W.B., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fukazawa Y.,
Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S.,
Giavitto G., Giebels B., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F.,
Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I.A., Grondin M.-H.,
Grove J.E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Gustafsson M., Hadasch D.,
Hanabata Y., Harding A.K., Hayashida M., Hays E., Healey S.E., Hill A.B.,
Horan D., Hughes R.E., Iafrate G., Johannesson G., Johnson A.S.,
Johnson R.P., Johnson T.J., Johnson W.N., Kamae T., Katagiri H.,
Kataoka J., Kawai N., Kerr M., Knodlseder J., Kocevski D., Kuss M.,
Lande J., Landriu D., Latronico L., Lee S.-H., Lemoine-Goumard M.,
Lionetto A.M., Llena Garde M., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B.,
Lovellette M.N., Lubrano P., Madejski G.M., Makeev A., Marangelli B.,
Marelli M., Massaro E., Mazziotta M.N., Mcconville W., Mcenery J.E.,
Michelson P.F., Minuti M., Mitthumsiri W., Mizuno T., Moiseev A.A.,
Mongelli M., Monte C., Monzani M.E., Moretti E., Morselli A.,
Moskalenko I.V., Murgia S., Nakajima H., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M.,
Nolan P.L., Norris J.P., Nuss E., Ohno M., Ohsugi T., Omodei N.,
Orlando E., Ormes J.F., Ozaki M., Paccagnella A., Paneque D., Panetta J.H.,
Parent D., Pelassa V., Pepe M., Pesce-Rollins M., Pinchera M., Piron F.,
Porter T.A., Poupard L., Raino S., Rando R., Ray P.S., Razzano M.,
Razzaque S., Rea N., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reposeur T., Ripken J., Ritz S.,
Rochester L.S., Rodriguez A.Y., Romani R.W., Roth M., Sadrozinski H.F.-W.,
Salvetti D., Sanchez D., Sander A., Saz Parkinson P.M., Scargle J.D.,
Schalk T.L., Scolieri G., Sgro C., Shaw M.S., Siskind E.J., Smith D.A.,
Smith P.D., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Starck J.-L., Stephens T.E.,
Striani E., Strickman M.S., Strong A.W., Suson D.J., Tajima H.,
Takahashi H., Takahashi T., Tanaka T., Thayer J.B., Thayer J.G.,
Thompson D.J., Tibaldo L., Tibolla O., Tinebra F., Torres D.F., Tosti G.,
Tramacere A., Uchiyama Y., Usher T.L., Van Etten A., Vasileiou V.,
Vilchez N., Vitale V., Waite A.P., Wallace E., Wang P., Watters K.,
Winer B.L., Wood K.S., Yang Z., Ylinen T., Ziegler M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 188, 405-436 (2010)>
=2010ApJS..188..405A 2010ApJS..188..405A
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei - Gamma rays - Pulsars - Surveys
Mission_Name: Fermi
Keywords: catalogs - gamma rays: general
Abstract:
We present a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the
Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), during the first 11 months of
the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. The
First Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL) contains 1451 sources detected and
characterized in the 100MeV to 100GeV range. Source detection was
based on the average flux over the 11 month period, and the threshold
likelihood Test Statistic is 25, corresponding to a significance of
just over 4σ. The 1FGL catalog includes source location regions,
defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and
power-law spectral fits as well as flux measurements in five energy
bands for each source. In addition, monthly light curves are provided.
Using a protocol defined before launch we have tested for several
populations of gamma-ray sources among the sources in the catalog. For
individual LAT-detected sources we provide firm identifications or
plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs.
Identifications are based on correlated variability with counterparts
at other wavelengths, or on spin or orbital periodicity. For the
catalogs and association criteria that we have selected, 630 of the
sources are unassociated. Care was taken to characterize the
sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse
gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, with the
result that 161 sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright
local interstellar clouds are flagged as having properties that are
strongly dependent on the model or as potentially being due to
incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission.
Description:
The data analyzed for the 1FGL catalog were obtained during 2008
August 4-2009 July 4. The total live time included is 245.6 days.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 223 1459 LAT 1FGL catalog (1451 sources)
table3.dat 107 1451 First LAT catalog: spectral information
table7.dat 74 41 Potential associations for sources near SNRs
refs.dat 50 80 References of table2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJS/183/46 : Fermi/LAT bright gamma-ray source list (Abdo+, 2009)
J/A+A/506/1563 : First AGILE catalog of gamma-ray sources (Pittori+, 2009)
J/A+A/492/923 : Pulsar Timing for Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Smith+,
2008)
J/A+A/489/849 : Revised catalogue of EGRET gamma-ray sources (Casandjian+,
2008)
J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 1FGL 1FGL source name (JHHMM.m+DDMMc)
15- 21 F7.3 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
23- 29 F7.3 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
31- 37 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
39- 45 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
47- 51 F5.3 deg MajAxis ? Semimajor axis of 95% confidence region
53- 57 F5.3 deg MinAxis ? Semiminor axis of 95% confidence region
59- 61 I3 deg phi ? Position angle of 95% confidence region
(East of North)
63- 67 F5.1 --- sigma Significance (1)
69- 74 F6.1 10-9/cm2/s F35 Photon flux for 1-100GeV (2)
76- 78 F3.1 10-9/cm2/s e_F35 The 1σ uncertainty in F35
80- 85 F6.1 fW/m2 S25 Energy flux for 100MeV-100GeV (3)
87- 91 F5.1 fW/m2 e_S25 The 1σ uncertainty in S25
93- 96 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon number power-law index; 100MeV-100GeV
98-101 F4.2 --- e_Gamma The 1σ uncertainty in Gamma
103 A1 --- Curv [T] Power-law fit flag (4)
105 A1 --- Var [T] Steady source flag (5)
107-111 A5 --- Flag [1-9, ] Analysis flag(s) (6)
113-116 A4 --- --- [0FGL]
118-129 A12 --- 0FGL Positional γ-ray association (7)
131-133 A3 --- --- [3EG]
135-144 A10 --- 3EG Positional γ-ray association (7)
146-160 A15 --- EGR Positional γ-ray association with
EGR ou EGRc (7)
162-165 A4 --- --- [1AGL]
167-176 A10 --- 1AGL Positional γ-ray association (7)
178 A1 --- TeV [EP ] Positional association with an
Extended or Point TeVCat source (8)
180-186 A7 --- Class Classification (9)
188-211 A24 --- Source Name of identified (upper case letter in
col. Class) or associated source (lower
case letter in col. Class) (10)
213-223 A11 --- Ref Reference to associated paper(s); see
refs.dat file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Derived from likelihood Test Statistic for 100MeV-100GeV analysis.
Note (2): summed over 3 bands. In units of 10-9 photons/cm2/s.
Note (3): From power-law fit. In units of 10-12 erg/cm2/s = 10-15W/m2
Note (4): T indicates <1% chance that the power-law spectrum is a good fit
to the 5-band fluxes.
Note (5): T indicates <1% chance of being a steady source.
Note (6): Flag as follows (TS = Test Statistic):
1 = Source with TS>35 which went to TS<25 when changing the diffuse model
(Section 4.6). Note that sources with TS<35 are not flagged with this
bit because normal statistical fluctuations can push them to TS<25.
2 = Moved beyond its 95% error ellipse when changing the diffuse model.
3 = Flux or spectral index changed by more than 3σ when changing the
diffuse model. Requires also that the flux change by more than 35% (to
not flag strong sources).
4 = Source-to-background ratio less than 30% in the highest band in which
TS>25. The background is integrated over πr268 or 1deg2,
whichever is smaller.
5 = Closer than Θref from a brighter neighbor. Θref is
defined in the highest energy band in which source TS>25. Θref
is set to 2.6° (FWHM) below 300MeV, 1.52° between 300MeV and
1GeV, 0.84° between 1GeV and 3GeV, and 2r68 above 3GeV.
6 = On top of an interstellar gas clump or small-scale defect in the model
of diffuse emission.
7 = Unstable position determination; result from gtfindsrc outside the 95%
ellipse from pointlike (see Section 4.2).
8 = pointlike did not converge. Position from gtfindsrc.
9 = Elliptical quality >10 in pointlike (i.e., TS contour does not look
elliptical).
Note (7): Positional γ-ray association as follows:
0FGL = Cat. J/ApJS/183/46; <0FGL JHHMM.m+DDMM> in Simbad.
3EG = Cat. J/ApJS/123/79; <3EG JHHMM+DDMM> in Simbad.
EGR = Cat. J/A+A/489/849; (tableA1) or <EGRc JHHMM+DDMM>
(table B1) in Simbad.
1AGL = Cat. J/A+A/506/1563; <1AGL JHHMM+DDMM> in Simbad.
Note (8): Flag as follows:
P = angular size <20';
E = extended.
Note (9): Class as follows:
psr = Pulsar, X-ray or radio, identified by pulsations
PSR LAT = Pulsar, radio quiet (subset of above); discovered with the LAT
pwn = Pulsar wind nebula
SNR = Supernova remnant
glc = Globular cluster
mqo = Micro-quasar object: X-ray binary (black hole or neutron star) with
radio jet
hxb = Other X-ray binary
bzb = BL Lac type of blazar
bzq = FSRQ type of blazar
agn = Non-blazar active galaxy
agu = Active galaxy of uncertain type
gal = Normal galaxy (five of the total six associations are with the LMC)
sbg = Starburst galaxy
dg = potential association with SNR or PWN (see Table 7).
Capital letters indicate firm identifications; lower case letters
indicate associations.
Note (10): The prefix FRBA in the column of source associations refers to
sources observed at 8.4GHz as part of VLA program AH996 (Finding
and Rejecting Associations for Fermi-LAT γ-ray sources).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 1FGL 1FGL source name (JHHMM.m+DDMMc)
15- 18 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon number power-law index; 100MeV-100GeV
20- 23 F4.2 --- e_Gamma The 1σ uncertainty in Gamma
25 A1 --- Curv [T] Power-law fit code (1)
27- 31 F5.1 10-8/cm2/s F1 Photon flux for 100MeV-300MeV
33- 36 F4.1 10-8/cm2/s e_F1 The 1σ uncertainty in F1
38- 42 F5.1 --- TS1 Square root of TS1 likelihood Test
Statistic (2)
44- 48 F5.1 10-8/cm2/s F2 Photon flux for 300Mev-1GeV
50- 52 F3.1 10-8/cm2/s e_F2 The 1σ uncertainty in F2
54- 58 F5.1 --- TS2 Square root of TS2 likelihood Test
Statistic (2)
60- 65 F6.1 10-9/cm2/s F3 Photon flux for 1GeV-3GeV
67- 69 F3.1 10-9/cm2/s e_F3 The 1σ uncertainty in F3
71- 75 F5.1 --- TS3 Square root of TS3 likelihood Test
Statistic (2)
77- 82 F6.1 10-10/cm2/s F4 Photon flux for 3GeV-10GeV
84- 87 F4.1 10-10/cm2/s e_F4 The 1σ uncertainty in F4
89- 93 F5.1 --- TS4 Square root of TS4 likelihood Test
Statistic (2)
95- 98 F4.1 10-10/cm2/s F5 Photon flux for 10GeV-100GeV
100-102 F3.1 10-10/cm2/s e_F5 The 1σ uncertainty in F5
104-107 F4.1 --- TS5 Square root of TS5 likelihood Test
Statistic (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): T indicates <1% chance that the power-law spectrum is a good fit
to the 5-band fluxes.
Note (2): Test Statistic (TS)=2Δlog(likelihood) between models with
and without the source. The TS associated with each source is a
measure of the source significance.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 1FGL 1FGL source name (JHHMM.m+DDMMc)
15- 20 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
22- 26 F5.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
28- 74 A47 --- Assoc Potential associations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 50 A27 --- Aut Author's name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 26-Jul-2010