J/ApJS/194/43 YSOs candidates and knots in CrA cloud (Peterson+, 2011)
The Spitzer survey of interstellar clouds in the Gould Belt.
III. A multi-wavelength view of Corona Australis.
Peterson D.E., Caratti o Garatti A., Bourke T.L., Forbrich J.,
Gutermuth R.A., Jorgensen J.K., Allen L.E., Patten B.M., Dunham M.M.,
Harvey P.M., Merin B., Chapman N.L., Cieza L.A., Huard T.L., Knez C.,
Prager B., Evans N.J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 194, 43 (2011)>
=2011ApJS..194...43P 2011ApJS..194...43P
ADC_Keywords: YSOs ; X-ray sources ; Photometry, infrared ; Surveys ;
Interstellar medium ; Interferometry ; Proper motions
Keywords: infrared: general - ISM: clouds - ISM: individual objects
(Corona Australis) - ISM: jets and outflows - stars: formation -
stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations of a
0.85deg2 field including the Corona Australis (CrA) star-forming
region. At a distance of 130pc, CrA is one of the closest regions
known to be actively forming stars, particularly within its embedded
association, the Coronet. Using the Spitzer data, we identify 51 young
stellar objects (YSOs) in CrA which include sources in the
well-studied Coronet cluster as well as sources distributed throughout
the molecular cloud. Twelve of the YSOs discussed are new candidates,
one of which is located in the Coronet. Known YSOs retrieved from the
literature are also added to the list, and a total of 116 candidate
YSOs in CrA are compiled. A clustering analysis was also performed,
finding that the main cluster core, consisting of 68 members, is
elongated (having an aspect ratio of 2.36), with a circular radius of
0.59pc and mean surface density of 150pc-2. In addition, we analyze
outflows and jets in CrA by means of new CO and H2 data. We present
1.3mm interferometric continuum observations made with the
Submillimeter Array (SMA) covering R CrA, IRS 5, IRS 7, and IRAS
18595-3712 (IRAS 32).
Description:
Corona Australis was observed with the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera
(IRAC) at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um and the Multiband Imaging
Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) at 24, 70, and 160um as part of two
guaranteed time observation (GTO) programs (PID 6 (2004 Apr 20), 30784
(2006 Sep 25; 2007 May 29-30); PI: Fazio) as well as the Gould Belt
Legacy Survey (PID 30574 (2008 May 10 & Oct 23); PI: Allen).
The regions around the previously identified YSOs IRS 5, IRS 7, and
IRAS 32 (IRAS 18595-3712) were observed with the SMA (Submillimeter
Array) in the dust continuum near 225GHz (∼1.3mm). Observations of the
IRS 7 region were made on 2006 August 20 (program 2006-03-S046), while
IRAS 32 and IRS 5 were observed on 2008 June 10 and 14 (program
2008A-S074).
As a complement to the Spitzer and SMA data, we make use of
multi-epoch H2 (2.12um) maps to detect jets and outflows in the CrA
star-forming region to study their proper motions and identify the
exciting sources.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 207 45 Sources classified as YSO candidates in CrA
based on Spitzer IRAC and MIPS
table5.dat 208 12 Sources classified as YSO candidates in CrA
based on 2MASS and MIPS 24um
table6.dat 231 20 Class III YSO candidates from Spitzer + ROSAT
table7.dat 207 45 Spitzer matches to known YSOs and candidate YSOs
in CrA
table11.dat 128 107 Identified knots in the CrA star-forming region
table12.dat 38 44 Measured H2 proper motions in the CrA knots
refs.dat 64 28 References
notes.dat 80 58 Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
IX/30 : Second ROSAT PSPC Catalog (ROSAT, 2000)
V/73 : Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population (Herbig+ 1988)
J/ApJS/185/198 : The Cepheus flare observed with IRAC and MIPS (Kirk+, 2009)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/ApJ/680/495 : Survey of Interstellar clouds in the Gould belt (Harvey+,
2008)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/A+A/488/987 : Near-infrared survey of R CrA cloud (Haas+, 2008)
J/A+A/475/959 : X-ray properties of young stellar objects (Forbrich+, 2007)
J/A+AS/146/323 : RASS young sources around R CrA (Neuhaeuser+, 2000)
J/A+A/350/883 : R CrA ISOCAM observations (Olofsson+, 1999)
J/ApJ/397/520 : IRAS observations in Cr A (Wilking+, 1992)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat table5.dat table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [CrA-]
5- 6 I2 --- CrA [1/77] YSO candidate identification (CrA-NN,
<[PCB2011] CrA-NN> in Simbad)
7 A1 --- n_CrA [ef] Individual note (see notes.dat file)
9- 10 I2 h RAh Spitzer hour of right ascension (J2000)
12- 13 I2 min RAm Spitzer minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Spitzer second of right ascension (J2000)
21 A1 --- DE- Spitzer sign of declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 deg DEd Spitzer degree of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 arcmin DEm Spitzer arcminute of declination (J2000)
28- 31 F4.1 arcsec DEs Spitzer arcsecond of declination (J2000)
34- 41 F8.3 mJy F3.6 ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux
43- 49 F7.3 mJy e_F3.6 ? F3.6 uncertainty
50 A1 --- n_F3.6 [cg] Note for F3.6 (see notes.dat file)
52- 59 F8.3 mJy F4.5 ? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux
61- 67 F7.3 mJy e_F4.5 ? F4.5 uncertainty
68 A1 --- n_F4.5 [c] Note for F4.5 (see notes.dat file)
70- 77 F8.3 mJy F5.8 ? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux
79- 85 F7.3 mJy e_F5.8 ? F5.8 uncertainty
86 A1 --- n_F5.8 [cl] Note for F5.8 (see notes.dat file)
88- 95 F8.3 mJy F8.0 ? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um flux
97-103 F7.3 mJy e_F8.0 ? F8.0 uncertainty
104 A1 --- n_F8.0 [cl] Note for F8.0 (see notes.dat file)
106-113 F8.3 mJy F24 Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux
115-121 F7.3 mJy e_F24 F24 uncertainty
122-124 A3 --- n_F24 [cjk, ] Note for F24 (see notes.dat file)
126-132 F7.1 mJy F70 ? Spitzer/MIPS 70um flux
134-139 F6.1 mJy e_F70 ? F70 uncertainty
140 A1 --- n_F70 [bd] Note for F70 (see notes.dat file)
142-146 F5.2 --- alpha ? Spectral slope α (G1)
148-150 A3 --- Class YSO candidate class (G1)
152-198 A47 --- OName Other name(s)
200-207 A8 --- r_OName OName reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
209-224 A16 --- RX ROSAT identification (JHHMM.m+DDMM or
JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS) (only for table 6) (3)
225 A1 --- n_RX [h] Note on RX
227-231 F5.2 arcsec Off ? Offset between Spitzer and ROSAT source
(only for table 6)(4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (3): We combine our Spitzer catalog with X-ray ROSAT data (Patten et
al. 2011, in preparation) to select additional Class III YSO
candidates. ROSAT identifications are from Patten et al. (2010,
private communication). The shorter coordinate names are sources from
the PSPC (Position Sensitive Proportional Counter) catalog (they are
less precise than the longer coordinate names).
Note (4): Offset is calculated as the distance between our Spitzer position
and the ROSAT position from Patten et al. (private communication).
Note that the ROSAT positions are computed from centroiding using the
PROS package in IRAF.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Object identification (1)
13 A1 --- n_Name [mnop] Note on Name (see notes.dat file)
15- 16 I2 h RAh Spitzer hour of right ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm Spitzer minute of right ascension (J2000)
21- 25 F5.2 s RAs Spitzer second of right ascension (J2000)
27 A1 --- DE- Spitzer sign of declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Spitzer degree of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Spitzer arcminute of declination (J2000)
34- 37 F4.1 arcsec DEs Spitzer arcsecond of declination (J2000)
39- 46 F8.3 mJy F3.6 ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux
48- 54 F7.3 mJy e_F3.6 ? F3.6 uncertainty
55- 57 A3 --- n_F3.6 [ckg, ] Note for F3.6 (see notes.dat file)
59- 66 F8.3 mJy F4.5 ? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux
68- 74 F7.3 mJy e_F4.5 ? F4.5 uncertainty
75- 77 A3 --- n_F4.5 [ck, ] Note for F4.5 (see notes.dat file)
79- 87 F9.3 mJy F5.8 ? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux
89- 96 F8.3 mJy e_F5.8 ? F5.8 uncertainty
97- 99 A3 --- n_F5.8 [ck, ] Note for F5.8 (see notes.dat file)
101 A1 --- l_F8.0 Limit flag on F8.0
102-109 F8.3 mJy F8.0 ? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um flux
111-117 F7.3 mJy e_F8.0 ? F8.0 uncertainty
118-120 A3 --- n_F8.0 [ckj, ] Note for F8.0 (see notes.dat file)
122 A1 --- l_F24 Limit flag for F24
123-133 F11.5 mJy F24 ? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux
135-143 F9.4 mJy e_F24 ? F24 uncertainty
145-147 A3 --- n_F24 [ckj, ] Note for F24 (see notes.dat file)
149-153 F5.2 --- alpha ? Spectral slope α (G1)
155-157 A3 --- Class YSO class (G1)
158 A1 --- n_Class [q] Note on Class (see notes.dat file)
160-178 A19 --- c2d-cl Spitzer/c2d classification: star, star+dust,
PAH-emission, rising_SED, cup-down_SED, red
180-201 A22 --- OName Other name(s)
203-207 A5 --- r_OName OName reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The name listed in this column can be used to search for the
source in SIMBAD, except in the following cases:
* IRS (Taylor & Storey 1984MNRAS.209p...5T 1984MNRAS.209p...5T; <[TS84] IRS NN> in Simbad),
* Hα (Marraco & Rydgren, 1981AJ.....86...62M 1981AJ.....86...62M; <[MR81] HA NN> in Simbad)
* CXO (Forbrich & Preibisch 2007, Cat. J/A+A/475/959; listing
number from their Table 2; <[FP2007] JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad),
* CrA- (Lopez Marti et al. 2005A&A...444..175L 2005A&A...444..175L;
<[LEM2005b] CrA NNNN> in Simbad);
* Haas (Haas et al. 2008, Cat. J/A+A/488/987; listing number from their
Table 3);
* G09 CrA- (Gutermuth et al. 2009, Cat. J/ApJS/184/18; listing number
from their Table 4; <[GMM2009] CrA NN> in Simbad);
* GP (Glass & Penston 1975MNRAS.172..227G 1975MNRAS.172..227G, <[GP75] R CrA aN> in Simbad);
* LM10- (Lopez Marti et al. 2010A&A...515A..31L 2010A&A...515A..31L;
<[LSM2010] Cra JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad).
* There are three known YSOs that do not appear in this list because
they do not have Spitzer counterparts. These sources are
(SIMBAD coordinates in J2000):
* IRS 9 (19 01 52.63 -36 57 00.2; Taylor & Storey 1984MNRAS.209P...5T 1984MNRAS.209P...5T),
* SMA 2 [RS 9] (19 01 55.28 -36 57 16.6; Brown 1987ApJ...322L..31B 1987ApJ...322L..31B), and
* Anon 2 (19 01 06.92 -36 58 07.3; Knacke et al. 1973ApJ...179..847K 1973ApJ...179..847K).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Det [EGO/H2 ] EGO: Detected in IRAC maps-EGOs
(Extended Green Objects);
H2: Detected in H2 and IRAC maps
5- 23 A19 --- [PCB2011] Knot name
25- 26 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
28- 29 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
31- 36 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
38 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
39- 40 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
42- 43 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
45- 49 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
51-128 A78 --- Comm Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- [PCB2011] Knot name
12- 16 F5.3 arcsec/yr pm Proper motion
18- 22 F5.3 arcsec/yr e_pm pm uncertainty
23 A1 --- f_pm [a] a = pm below 3σ
25- 27 I3 km/s Vtan Tangential velocity at a distance of 130pc
29- 30 I2 km/s e_Vtan Vtan uncertainty
31 A1 --- f_Vtan [a] a = pm below 3σ
33- 35 I3 deg PA Position angle
37- 38 I2 deg e_PA PA uncertainty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode 19-digit bibcode
24- 45 A22 --- Aut Author(s) name(s)
47- 64 A18 --- Cat Catalog reference in VizieR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- Flag Letter of the note
3- 80 A78 --- Note Text of note
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global Notes:
Note (G1): YSO class is determined from the spectral slope, α, which
is calculated over the widest range possible where data are available
between 2.2 and 24um, and is defined as:
α=dlog(λFλ)/dlog(λ).
The value of α is calculated from a linear fit to the
logarithms, taking into account the uncertainties in the flux
measurements. The classes are as follows:
I = sources with α≥0.3. Note that deeply embedded protostars, Class 0
sources, which require submillimeter data for identification, cannot be
distinguished from Class I objects in this analysis.
F = sources with -0.3≤α<0.3 (Flat spectrum),
II = sources with -1.6≤α←0.3,
III = sources with α←1.6.
G = In table 4, in two cases (CrA-2 and CrA-39), the candidates turned out
to be known galaxies; they are discussed in Appendix A. In table 5,
CrA-50 is part of the extended galaxy Leda 90315
HH = CrA-25 is classified as a Class I YSO candidate based on its Spitzer
SED, but that SED is based on almost all band-filled fluxes. Looking at
CrA-25, it is clear that it is an extended source, a knot that is
associated with an HH object, located within 3" of HH732A (Wang et al.
2004ApJ...617.1191W 2004ApJ...617.1191W). Therefore, CrA-25 has been removed from our list
of candidate YSOs.
History:
* 05-Oct-2011: From electronic version of the journal.
* 20-Nov-2011: Declination DEs of source CrA-3 in table4 corrected
from 0.11 into 01.1
References:
Harvey et al. Paper I. 2008ApJ...680..495H 2008ApJ...680..495H Cat. J/ApJ/680/495
Kirk et al. Paper II. 2009ApJS..185..198K 2009ApJS..185..198K Cat. J/ApJS/185/198
Spezzi et al. Paper IV. 2011ApJ...730...65S 2011ApJ...730...65S
Hatchell et al. Paper V 2012ApJ...754..104H 2012ApJ...754..104H
Broekhoven-Fiene et al. Paper VI 2014ApJ...786...37B 2014ApJ...786...37B
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 05-Oct-2011