J/ApJS/197/19 First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)
The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer (WISE).
Kirkpatrick J.D., Cushing M.C., Gelino C.R., Griffith R.L., Skrutskie M.F.,
Marsh K.A., Wright E.L., Mainzer A., Eisenhardt P.R., McLean I.S.,
Thompson M.A., Bauer J.M., Benford D.J., Bridge C.R., Lake S.E.,
Petty S.M., Stanford S.A., Tsai C.-W., Bailey V., Beichman C.A.,
Bloom J.S., Bochanski J.J., Burgasser A.J., Capak P.L., Cruz K.L.,
Hinz P.M., Kartaltepe J.S., Knox R.P., Manohar S., Masters D.,
Morales-Calderon M., Prato L.A., Rodigas T.J., Salvato M., Schurr S.D.,
Scoville N.Z., Simcoe R.A., Stapelfeldt K.R., Stern D., Stock N.D.,
Vacca W.D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 197, 19 (2011)>
=2011ApJS..197...19K 2011ApJS..197...19K
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; Spectral types ; Stars, late-type ;
Parallaxes, trigonometric ; Positional data ; Proper motions
Keywords: brown dwarfs - infrared: stars - parallaxes - proper motions -
solar neighborhood - stars: luminosity function, mass function
Abstract:
We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see
also Cushing et al., 2011ApJ...743...50C 2011ApJ...743...50C), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs,
and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
(WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types
≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al.
(2011ApJ...726...30M 2011ApJ...726...30M) and Burgasser et al. (2011ApJ...735..116B 2011ApJ...735..116B). We
present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L,
T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few
cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries.
Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and
objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new
discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf
classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE
4.6um (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate
spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available
astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric
parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec
(red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0
dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3-0.6pc; if this
2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will
become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10
objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric
distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of
these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance
of ∼4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional
info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to
calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly
one-half of the new discoveries.
Description:
WISE is an Earth-orbiting NASA mission that surveyed the entire sky
simultaneously at wavelengths of 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22um, hereafter
referred to as bands W1, W2, W3, and W4, respectively. WISE launched
on 2009 December 14 and, after an in-orbit checkout, began surveying
the sky on 2010 January 14.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 173 352 WISE and near-IR photometry for known M, L, T dwarfs
table2.dat 121 104 WISE photometry for WISE brown dwarf discoveries
table3.dat 153 165 Follow-up photometry of WISE brown dwarf discoveries
table4.dat 85 121 Follow-up spectroscopy of WISE brown dwarf discoveries
table5.dat 76 56 L and T dwarfs with measured trigonometric parallaxes
table6.dat 139 392 Astrometry for WISE brown dwarf discoveries
table7.dat 76 4 Preliminary parallaxes and absolute magnitudes
for WISE brown dwarf discoveries
refs.dat 217 90 References
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See also:
II/307 : WISE Preliminary Data Release (Cutri+ 2011)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/MNRAS/394/857 : UKIDSS-2MASS proper motion survey (Deacon+, 2009)
J/A+A/497/619 : New ultra-cool dwarfs from SDSS and 2MASS (Zhang+, 2009)
J/A+A/493/L27 : Parallaxes of 10 ultracool subdwarfs (Schilbach+, 2009)
J/ApJ/689/1295 : Lithium test implications for brown dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+,
2008)
J/MNRAS/383/831 : New DENIS nearby L and late-M dwarfs (Phan-Bao+, 2008)
J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)
J/ApJ/676/1281 : L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS (Metchev+, 2008)
J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)
J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK photometry and spectroscopy for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+,
2004)
J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)
J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/1526 : IR photometry of ultracool dwarfs (Bouy+, 2003)
J/AJ/123/3409 : SDSS M, L, and T dwarfs (Hawley+, 2002)
J/ApJ/564/421 : Spectra of T dwarfs. I. (Burgasser+, 2002)
J/ApJ/476/311 : 2MASS M-dwarf discoveries (Kirkpatrick+ 1997)
J/ApJS/94/749 : RI photometry of cool dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+ 1994)
http://DwarfArchives.org/ : M, L and T dwarfs archives
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/wise.html : WISE NASA/IRSA home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- Type [LMT] Dwarf type (L, M or T)
3- 8 A6 --- --- [WISEPC/WISEPA]
10- 28 A19 --- WISEP WISE Designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (G1)
30- 55 A26 --- OName Other Designation
57 A1 --- n_OName Other discoveries (1)
59- 60 I2 --- r_OName Discovery reference code (see refs.dat file)
62 A1 --- l_W1mag Limit flag on W1mag (2)
64- 69 F6.3 mag W1mag WISE W1 band magnitude (3.4um)
71- 75 F5.3 mag e_W1mag ? Uncertainty in W1mag
77- 82 F6.3 mag W2mag WISE W2 band magnitude (4.6um)
84- 88 F5.3 mag e_W2mag Uncertainty in W2mag
90 A1 --- l_W3mag Limit flag on W3mag (2)
92- 97 F6.3 mag W3mag ? WISE W3 band magnitude (12um)
99-103 F5.3 mag e_W3mag ? Uncertainty in W3mag
105 A1 --- l_W4mag Limit flag on W4mag (2)
106-110 F5.3 mag W4mag ? WISE W4 band magnitude (22um)
112-116 F5.3 mag e_W4mag ? Uncertainty in W4mag
118 A1 --- l_Jmag Limit flag on Jmag (2)
120-125 F6.3 mag Jmag ? 2MASS J band magnitude (1.2um)
127-131 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? Uncertainty in Jmag
133 A1 --- l_Hmag Limit flag on Hmag (2)
135-140 F6.3 mag Hmag ? 2MASS H band magnitude (1.6um)
142-146 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? Uncertainty in Hmag
148 A1 --- l_Ksmag Limit flag on Kmag (2)
150-155 F6.3 mag Ksmag ? 2MASS KS band magnitude (2.2um)
157-161 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag ? Uncertainty in Kmag
163-173 A11 --- SpType MK spectral type (3)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
c = Previously identified, though unpublished, in 2MASS Prototype Camera
Data as 2MASP J1007435+113432.
d = Previously identified, though unpublished, in 2MASS Prototype Camera
Data as 2MASP J1520477+300210.
e = Also known as PSS 1458+2839 (Kennefick, priv. comm.).
f = Object from Kennefick (priv. comm.).
g = Luyten (1979, Cat. I/98) quotes the discoverer as Hertzsprung.
h = Object from Kunkel (priv. comm.).
Note (2): The quoted photometric limits for non-detections are 2-σ
lower limits, as defined in
http://wise2.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/release/prelim/expsup/sec4_5c.html
#upperlimits
Note (3): Special symbols on spectral types: ":" indicates an uncertain
type; "::" indicates a highly uncertain type; "+" indicates that the
spectrum is likely later than the type given.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- --- [WISEPC/WISEPA]
8- 26 A19 --- WISEP Object name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (G1)
27 A1 --- f_WISEP [bcd] Alternate designations (1)
29- 31 A3 --- r_WISEP Discovery reference(s) (2)
33- 37 F5.1 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
39 A1 --- l_W1mag Limit flag on W1
40- 45 F6.3 mag W1mag WISE W1 magnitude (3.4um)
47- 51 F5.3 mag e_W1mag ? W1 uncertainty
53- 58 F6.3 mag W2mag WISE W2 magnitude (4.6um)
60- 64 F5.3 mag e_W2mag W2 uncertainty
66 A1 --- l_W3mag Limit flag on W3
67- 72 F6.3 mag W3mag WISE W3 magnitude (12um)
74- 78 F5.3 mag e_W3mag ? W3 uncertainty
80 A1 --- l_W4mag Limit flag on W4
81- 86 F6.3 mag W4mag WISE W4 magnitude (22um)
88- 92 F5.3 mag e_W4mag ? W4 uncertainty
94 A1 --- l_W1-W2 Limit flag on W1-W2
95- 99 F5.3 mag W1-W2 W1-W2 color index
101-105 F5.3 mag e_W1-W2 ? W1-W2 uncertainty
107 A1 --- l_W2-W3 Limit flag on W2-W3
108-112 F5.3 mag W2-W3 W2-W3 magnitude
114-118 F5.3 mag e_W2-W3 ? W2-W3 uncertainty
120-121 I2 --- Ncov [8,77] Number of WISE coverages
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
b = Identified as a high-motion object by Deacon et al. (2005,
Cat. J/A+A/435/363) and classified in the optical as an early-L dwarf by
Martin et al. (2010A&A...517A..53M 2010A&A...517A..53M). Alternate name is SIPS J0031-3840.
c = Identified as a high-motion object by Deacon et al. (2009,
Cat. J/MNRAS/394/857). Alternate name is ULAS2MASS J0106+1518.
d = Identified as a brown dwarf candidate by Zhang et al. (2009,
Cat. J/A+A/497/619). Alternate name is SDSS J131142.11+362923.9.
Note (2): Discovery reference as follows:
1 = This paper;
2 = Mainzer et al. 2011ApJ...726...30M 2011ApJ...726...30M
3 = Burgasser et al. 2011ApJ...735..116B 2011ApJ...735..116B
4 = Gelino et al. 2011AJ....142...57G 2011AJ....142...57G
5 = Cushing et al. 2011ApJ...743...50C 2011ApJ...743...50C
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Short object name (JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 18 I2 --- r_SName ? Observation reference (1)
20- 25 F6.3 mag Ymag ? Y-band magnitude
27- 31 F5.3 mag e_Ymag ? Ymag uncertainty
33 A1 --- l_Jmag Limit flag on Jmag
34- 39 F6.3 mag Jmag ? Johnson J-band magnitude in 2MASS filter system
41- 45 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? Jmag uncertainty
47 A1 --- l_Hmag Limit flag on Hmag
48- 53 F6.3 mag Hmag ? Johnson H-band magnitude in 2MASS filter system
55- 59 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? Hmag uncertainty
61 A1 --- l_Ksmag Limit flag on Ksmag
62- 67 F6.3 mag Ksmag ? Johnson Ks-band magnitude in 2MASS filter
system
69- 73 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag ? Ksmag uncertainty
75- 80 F6.3 mag J2mag ? J-band magnitude in Mauna Kea Observatories
Filter System
82- 86 F5.3 mag e_J2mag ? J2mag uncertainty
88 A1 --- l_H2mag Limit flag on H2mag
89- 94 F6.3 mag H2mag ? H-band magnitude in Mauna Kea Observatories
Filter System
96-100 F5.3 mag e_H2mag ? H2mag uncertainty
102-107 F6.3 mag Ks2mag ? Ks-band magnitude in Mauna Kea Observatories
Filter System
109-113 F5.3 mag e_Ks2mag ? Ks2mag uncertainty
115-120 F6.3 mag [3.6] ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6µm magnitude (channel 1)
122-126 F5.3 mag e_[3.6] ? [3.6] uncertainty
127 A1 --- f_[3.6] [e] e: extended
129-134 F6.3 mag [4.5] ? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5µm magnitude (channel 2)
136-140 F5.3 mag e_[4.5] ? ch2mag uncertainty
142-147 F6.3 mag sst1-2 ? Spitzer/IRAC [3.6]-[4.5] color index
149-153 F5.3 mag e_sst1-2 ? sst1-2 uncertainty
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References for JHK instrument or catalog:
2MASS filter system as follows:
1 = 2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog (Cat. II/246),
2 = 2MASS Reject Table,
3 = Bigelow/2MASS,
4 = PAIRITEL,
5 = Shane/Gemini,
6 = FanMt./FanCam;
MKO filter system as follows:
7 = Palomar/WIRC,
8 = Magellan/PANIC,
9 = SOAR/SpartanIRC,
10 = UKIDSS,
11 = Keck/NIRC2.
12 = CTIO-4m/NEWFIRM.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Short object name (JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 21 A5 --- OSpT Optical spectral type (1)
23- 35 A13 --- SpT NIR MK spectral type (1)
37- 50 A14 --- Spec Spectrograph
51 A1 --- n_Spec [ab] Individual notes (2)
53- 56 I4 s Time ? Integration time
57 A1 --- n_Time [ab] Individual notes (2)
59- 69 A11 --- Star Telluric corrector star name (3)
70 A1 --- n_Star [abd] Individual notes (2)
72- 81 A10 "YYYY/MM/DD" Date Observation date
82- 84 A3 --- Day2 Second day of observation
85 A1 --- n_Date [abd] ndividual notes (2)
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Note (1): Spectral types are accurate to ±0.5 type unless indicated by a ":"
symbol to indicate a more uncertain assignment.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
a = See Mainzer et al. (2011ApJ...726...30M 2011ApJ...726...30M) for details on spectroscopic
follow-up.
b = See Burgasser et al. (2011ApJ...735..116B 2011ApJ...735..116B) for details on spectroscopic
follow-up. A newer spectrum of this object from Magellan/FIRE supports a
type of T6.5 rather than T5.5 as originally assigned by Burgasser et al.
(2011ApJ...735..116B 2011ApJ...735..116B).
d = Due to closing of the telescope due to fog, no A0V star was taken on this
night so an A0V observation from an earlier run on 2010 July 18 was used.
Note (3): Telluric corrector stars for optical spectra are G0 dwarfs; those for
near-infrared spectra are A0 dwarfs.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- B [a/b] a: object not know to be binary or
b: known binaries/multiples
3- 27 A25 --- Name Object name
28 A1 --- f_Name [a] Flag on name (1)
30- 35 F6.2 mas plx Measured trigonometric parallaxe
37- 41 F5.2 mas e_plx plx uncertainty
43- 44 I2 --- r_plx Reference (see refs.dat file)
46- 49 A4 --- SpT Near-IR MK spectral type
51- 56 F6.3 mag W2mag W2 magnitude
58- 62 F5.3 mag e_W2mag W2 uncertainty
64 A1 --- l_Hmag Limit flag on Hmag
65- 70 F6.3 mag Hmag H-band magnitude
72- 76 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? Hmag uncertainty
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Note (1):
a = It is assumed that most of the W2 flux comes from the L dwarf companion
and not the white dwarf primary.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Short object name (JHHMM+DDMM; J2000)
17 A1 --- l_Dist Limit flag on Dis
18- 21 F4.1 pc Dist Estimated distance
23 A1 --- f_Dist [ab] Flag on Dist (1)
25- 36 F12.8 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
38- 49 F12.8 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
51- 55 F5.3 arcsec e_RAdeg Error in RAdeg
57- 61 F5.3 arcsec e_DEdeg Error in DEdeg
63- 77 A15 --- Obs Reference epoch of positional measurement
79- 89 F11.5 d Epoch Observation (MJD)
91- 97 F7.4 arcsec/yr pmRA ? Proper motion along Right Ascension
99-103 F5.3 arcsec/yr e_pmRA ? Uncertainty in pmRA arcsec/yr
105-110 F6.3 arcsec/yr pmDE ? Proper motion along Declination
112-116 F5.3 arcsec/yr e_pmDE ? Uncertainty in pmDE arcsec/yr
118-122 F5.3 arcsec/yr pmt ? Total proper motion
124-128 F5.3 arcsec/yr e_pmt ? Uncertainty in pm arcsec/yr
130-134 F5.1 km/s Vtan ? Tangential velocity
136-139 F4.1 km/s e_Vtan ? Uncertainty in VTan
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Gelino et al. (2011AJ....142...57G 2011AJ....142...57G) find this object to be a binary.
Their revised distance to this system is 12.3±2.3pc.
b = Gelino et al. (2011AJ....142...57G 2011AJ....142...57G) find this object to be a binary.
Their revised distance to this system is 40.1±3.0pc.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Short object name (JHHMM+DDMM; J2000)
17- 28 A12 --- SpT NIR MK spectral type
30- 34 F5.3 arcsec Plx Trigonometric parallaxe
36- 40 F5.3 arcsec e_Plx Plx uncertainty
42- 44 F3.1 pc bDist Minimum distance
46- 49 F4.1 pc BDist Maximum distance
51- 54 F4.1 mag JMag Absolute J-band magnitude (1)
56- 58 F3.1 mag e_JMag JMag uncertainty
60- 63 F4.1 mag HMag Absolute H-band magnitude (1)
65- 67 F3.1 mag e_HMag HMag uncertainty
69- 72 F4.1 mag W2Mag Absolute W2-band magnitude
74- 76 F3.1 mag e_W2Mag W2Mag uncertainty
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Note (1): Absolute J and H magnitudes for WISE 0254+0223 and WISE 1541-2250
are on the MKO filter system; magnitudes for WISE 1647+5632 and WISE
1741+2553 are on the 2MASS filter system.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 43 A20 --- Aut First author name
44-217 A174 --- Comm Comment
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Global notes:
Note (G1): WISE sources are given designations as follows. The prefix is
"WISE" followed by either "PC" for sources taken from the first-pass
precessing operations coadd Source Working Database, or "PA" for
objects drawn from the preliminary release Atlas Tile Source Working
Database. The suffix is the J2000 position of the source in the format
Jhhmmss.ss±ddmmss.s. As stated in section 5.2, the positions
measured in first-pass WISE processing and used to derive these
designations should not be used for astrometric purposes.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Jan-2012