J/ApJS/199/31 Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)
Fermi Large Area Telescope second source catalog.
Nolan P.L., Abdo A.A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Allafort A., Antolini E.,
Atwood W.B., Axelsson M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G.,
Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Belfiore A., Bellazzini R., Berenji B.,
Bignami G.F., Blandford R.D., Bloom E.D., Bonamente E., Bonnell J.,
Borgland A.W., Bottacini E., Bouvier A., Brandt T.J., Bregeon J.,
Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Burnett T.H., Buson S., Caliandro G.A.,
Cameron R.A., Campana R., Canadas B., Cannon A., Caraveo P.A.,
Casandjian J.M., Cavazzuti E., Ceccanti M., Cecchi C., Celik O.,
Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C.C., Chiang J., Chipaux R., Ciprini S.,
Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Cominsky L.R., Conrad J., Corbet R., Cutini S.,
D'Ammando F., Davis D.S., de Angelis A., DeCesar M.E., DeKlotz M.,
De Luca A., den Hartog P.R., de Palma F., Dermer C.D., Digel S.W.,
do Couto e Silva E., Drell P.S., Drlica-Wagner A., Dubois R., Dumora D.,
Enoto T., Escande L., Fabiani D., Falletti L., Favuzzi C., Fegan S.J.,
Ferrara E.C., Focke W.B., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fukazawa Y., Funk S.,
Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giebels B.,
Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T.,
Godfrey G., Grenier I.A., Grondin M.-H., Grove J.E., Guillemot L.,
Guiriec S., Gustafsson M., Hadasch D., Hanabata Y., Harding A.K.,
Hayashida M., Hays E., Hill A.B., Horan D., Hou X., Hughes R.E.,
Iafrate G., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson R.P., Johnson T.E.,
Johnson A.S., Johnson T.J., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Katsuta J.,
Kawai N., Kerr M., Knodlseder J., Kocevski D., Kuss M., Lande J.,
Landriu D., Latronico L., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lionetto A.M.,
Llena Garde M., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M.N., Lubrano P.,
Madejski G.M., Marelli M., Massaro E., Mazziotta M.N., McConville W.,
McEnery J.E., Mehault J., Michelson P.F., Minuti M., Mitthumsiri W.,
Mizuno T., Moiseev A.A., Mongelli M., Monte C., Monzani M.E., Morselli A.,
Moskalenko I.V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Norris J.P.,
Nuss E., Nymark T., Ohno M., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E.,
Ormes J.F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J.H., Parent D., Perkins J.S.,
Pesce-Rollins M., Pierbattista M., Pinchera M., Piron F., Pivato G.,
Porter T.A., Racusin J.L., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Razzaque S.,
Reimer A., Reimer O., Reposeur T., Ritz S., Rochester L.S., Romani R.W.,
Roth M., Rousseau R., Ryde F., Sadrozinski H.F.-W., Salvetti D.,
Sanchez D.A., Saz Parkinson P.M., Sbarra C., Scargle J.D., Schalk T.L.,
Sgro C., Shaw M.S., Shrader C., Siskind E.J., Smith D.A., Spandre G.,
Spinelli P., Stephens T.E., Strickman M.S., Suson D.J., Tajima H.,
Takahashi H., Takahashi T., Tanaka T., Thayer J.G., Thayer J.B.,
Thompson D.J., Tibaldo L., Tibolla O., Tinebra F., Tinivella M.,
Torres D.F., Tosti G., Troja E., Uchiyama Y., Vandenbroucke J.,
Van Etten A., Van Klaveren B., Vasileiou V., Vianello G., Vitale V.,
Waite A.P., Wallace E., Wang P., Werner M., Winer B.L., Wood D.L.,
Wood K.S., Wood M., Yang Z., Zimmer S.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 199, 31 (2012)>
=2012ApJS..199...31N 2012ApJS..199...31N
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; Gamma rays ; Pulsars ; BL Lac objects ;
Surveys
Mission_Name: Fermi
Keywords: catalogs - gamma rays: general
Abstract:
We present the second catalog of high-energy γ-ray sources
detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science
instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived
from data taken during the first 24 months of the science phase of the
mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on
the average flux over the 24 month period. The second Fermi-LAT
catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of
elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in
terms of power-law, exponentially cutoff power-law, or log-normal
forms. Also included are flux measurements in five energy bands and
light curves on monthly intervals for each source. Twelve sources in
the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed
comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first
Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic
models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL
catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate
possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model.
The 2FGL catalog contains 1873 sources detected and characterized in
the 100MeV to 100GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly
identified and 1171 as being reliably associated with counterparts of
known or likely γ-ray-producing source classes.
Description:
This paper presents a catalog of high-energy γ-ray sources
detected, in the 100MeV-100GeV energy range, in the first two years of
the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission by the Large Area
Telescope (LAT), during the period 2008 August 4 (15:43 UTC)-2010
August 1 (01:17 UTC).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 186 2256 LAT two-year catalog
table7.dat 94 1873 Second LAT catalog: fluxes in bands
table8.dat 128 346 List of 1FGL sources not in the 2FGL catalog
refs.dat 60 30 References
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See also:
J/A+A/535/A69 : AGN Fermi/LAT γ-ray and 37GHz fluxes (Nieppola+, 2011)
J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)
J/ApJ/715/429 : First Fermi-LAT AGN catalog (1LAC) (Abdo+, 2010)
J/ApJ/718/587 : The Fermi-AT20G catalog (Mahony+, 2010)
J/ApJ/709/1407 : SED of the Fermi blazars (Li+, 2010)
J/ApJS/183/46 : Fermi/LAT bright gamma-ray source list (0FGL) (Abdo+, 2009)
J/ApJ/700/597 : FERMI LAT detected blazars (Abdo+, 2009)
J/ApJ/707/L56 : VLBI and bright Fermi/LAT sources (Kovalev, 2009)
J/ApJ/706/L7 : The Fermi LAT sky as seen by INTEGRAL/IBIS (Ubertini+, 2009)
J/ApJ/609/564 : Blazar counterparts for 3EG sources (Sowards-Emmerd+, 2004)
J/ApJS/135/155 : Radio identification of 3EG EGRET sources (Mattox+, 2001)
J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 2FGL The 2FGL name (1)
15- 21 F7.3 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
23- 29 F7.3 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
31- 37 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
39- 45 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
47- 51 F5.3 deg amaj ? 95% confidence source semimajor axis
53- 57 F5.3 deg amin ? 95% confidence source semiminor axis
59- 61 I3 deg phi [-90/90]? Position angle; East of North
63- 68 F6.1 --- sigma ? Significance (2)
70- 75 F6.1 10-5/m2/s F35 Photon flux; 1-100GeV (10-9/cm2/s)
77- 79 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F35 ? The 1σ uncertainty in F35
81- 86 F6.1 fW/m2 S25 Energy flux for 100MeV-100GeV from
power-law fit; (10-12erg/s/cm2)
88- 91 F4.1 fW/m2 e_S25 ? The 1σ uncertainty in S25
93- 96 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon power-law index Γ; 100MeV-100GeV
98-101 F4.2 --- e_Gamma ? The 1σ uncertainty in SpIndex
103-104 A2 --- Mod Spectral model used: PL, EC or LP (3)
106 A1 --- Var [T] Variability flag (T=true) (4)
108-120 A13 --- Flag Analysis flag(s) (5)
122-139 A18 --- Assoc The γ-ray association (6)
141 A1 --- TeV [E/P] Association with a TeV source (7)
143-153 A11 --- Class Astrophysical class of source (8)
155-180 A26 --- ID Primary name of associated source (9)
182-186 A5 --- Ref Cross references of LAT publications (see
refs.dat file)
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Note (1): 2FGL JHHMM.m+DDMM[c/e], constructed according to IAU Specifications
for Nomenclature; m is decimal minutes of RA; in the name RA and DE are
truncated at 0.1 decimal minutes and 1', respectively; "c" indicates
that based on the region of the sky the source is considered to be
potentially confused with Galactic diffuse emission; "e" indicates a
source that was modeled as spatially extended (see Section 3.4).
Note (2): Derived from likelihood Test Statistic for 100MeV-100GeV analysis.
Note (3): Spectra model used as follows :
PL = power-law;
EC = exponential cutoff;
LP = log parabolic.
Note (4):
T = <1% chance of being a steady source; see note in text.
Note (5): Analysis flag as follows:
1 = Source with TS>35 which went to TS<25 when changing the diffuse model
(see Section 3.7). Note that sources with TS<35 are not flagged with
this bit because normal statistical fluctuations can push them to
TS<25.
2 = Moved beyond its 95% error ellipse when changing the diffuse model.
4 = Source-to-background ratio less than 20% in highest band in which TS>25.
Background is integrated over πr268 or 1deg2, whichever is
smaller.
5 = Closer than θref from a brighter neighbor. θref is
defined in highest band in which source TS>25, or the band with highest
TS if all are <25. θref is set to 2.17° (FWHM) below 300MeV,
1.38° between 300MeV and 1GeV, 0.87° between 1GeV and 3GeV,
0.67° between 3 and 10GeV and 0.45° above 10GeV (2r68).
6 = On top of an interstellar gas clump or small-scale defect in the model
of diffuse emission; equivalent to the "c" designator in the source
name (see Section 3.9).
8 = Inconsistent position determination (see Section 3.1.4); best position
from optimization outside the 1σ (39% in 2D) contour from the TS
map.
9 = Elliptical quality >4 in pointlike (i.e., TS contour does not look
elliptical).
10 = Spectral fit quality >16.3 (Equation (3)).
11 = Possibly due to the Sun (Section 3.6).
12 = Highly curved spectrum; LogParabola β fixed to 1 or PLExpCutoff
Spectral_Index fixed to 0 (see Section 3.3).
Note (6): Positional associations with 0FGL, 1FGL, 3EG, EGR, or 1AGL sources.
Sources with multiple γ-ray associations are printed on multiple lines.
Note (7): Association with a point-like (P, angular size <20') or
en extended (E) TeV source:
Note (8): Like "ID" in 3EG catalog (Cat. J/ApJS/123/79), but with more detail.
Capital letters indicate firm identifications; lower-case letters
indicate associations. Class as follows:
AGN, agn = Non-blazar active galaxy (1+10 sources)
agu = Active galaxy of uncertain type (257 sources)
BZB, bzb = BL Lac object type of blazar (7+429 sources)
BZQ, bzq = FSRQ (flat spectrum radio quasar) type of blazar (17+353 sources)
GAL, gal = Normal galaxy (or part) (2+4 sources)
glc = Globular cluster (11 sources)
HMB = High-mass binary (4 sources)
NOV = Nova (1 source)
PSR = Pulsar, identified by pulsations (83 sources)
psr = Pulsar, no pulsations seen in LAT yet (25 sources)
PWN = Pulsar wind nebula (3 sources)
RDG, rdg = Radio galaxy (2+10 sources)
SEY, sey = Seyfert galaxy (1+5 sources)
SNR, snr = Supernova remnant (6+4 sources)
sbg = Starburst galaxy (4 sources)
dg = Supernova remnant/pulsar wind nebula (58 sources)
Note (9):
a = Within the Large Magellanic Cloud on the sky.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 2FGL The 2FGL name
15- 19 F5.1 10-4/m2/s F1 ? Integrated 100-300MeV band photon flux
21- 23 F3.1 10-4/m2/s e_F1 The 1σ uncertainty in F1
25- 29 F5.1 --- TS1 Square root of 100-300MeV band test
statistic
31- 35 F5.1 10-5/m2/s F2 ? Integrated 300-1000MeV band photon flux
37- 39 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F2 The 1σ uncertainty in F2
41- 45 F5.1 --- TS2 Square root of 300-1000MeV band test
statistic
47- 52 F6.1 10-5/m2/s F3 ? Integrated 1-3GeV band photon flux
54- 56 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F3 The 1σ uncertainty in F3
58- 62 F5.1 --- TS3 Square root of 1-3GeV band test statistic
64- 69 F6.1 10-6/m2/s F4 ? Integrated 3-10GeV band photon flux
71- 74 F4.1 10-6/m2/s e_F4 The 1σ uncertainty in F4
76- 80 F5.1 --- TS4 Square root of 3-10GeV band test statistic
82- 85 F4.1 10-6/m2/s F5 ? Integrated 10-100GeV band photon flux
87- 89 F3.1 10-6/m2/s e_F5 The 1σ uncertainty in F5
91- 94 F4.1 --- TS5 Square root of 10-100GeV band test statistic
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- 1FGL The 1FGL name
15- 32 A18 --- Assoc The 1FGL association
34- 40 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
42- 48 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
50- 54 F5.3 deg theta Radius of 95% confidence region (1)
56- 60 F5.1 --- sigma Detection significance
62- 65 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon power-law index
67 A1 --- Var [T] Variability probability >90%
69- 81 A13 --- 2FGL 2FGL source with Δ<d99.9
83- 95 A13 --- 2FGLalt 2FGL source with d99.9<Δ<1° (2)
97-101 F5.3 deg Delta ? Angular separation between 1FGL & 2FGL sources
103-107 F5.3 --- Ratio ? Δ/d99.9 ratio
109 A1 --- Seed [T] 2FGL seed (T=true) (3)
111-128 A18 --- Flag Additional notes (4)
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Note (1): For the location of the source.
Note (2): Closest 2FGL source having a distance d99.9<Δ<1° from
the position of the 1FGL source. The 2FGL name is also reported if the
1FGL source and one or more seeds have overlapping 99.9 error regions
but cannot be associated with any seed on the basis of the criterium
Δ<d99.9.
Note (3):
T = The 1FGL source and one of the 2FGL list of initial seeds have an
angular separation <d99.9.
Note (4): Abbreviations as follows:
C = Confirmed 1FGL sources;
LMC, Ori (Orion), Car (Carina), and Oph (Ophiuchus) = the source is in this
region of the sky with high diffuse emission and high density of close
sources;
NC = not confirmed 1FGL sources (see text);
BC = 1FGL sources confirmed by the 11-m binned likelihood analysis;
S = the 1FGL source was split/resolved into one or more seeds;
O = overlapping θ99.9 error regions with one or more seeds;
V = variable source visible only in the first 11 months;
Sun = the source was detected when the Sun was at an angular distance
<1° and the light curve shows just a flare in the time bin
coincident with the passage of the Sun close to the position of the
source
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Code Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 40 A17 --- Auth Author's name
42- 60 A19 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Jun-2012