J/ApJS/202/4 Planck cold clumps survey in the Orion complex (Liu+, 2012)
Molecular environments of 51 Planck cold clumps in the Orion complex.
Liu T., Wu Y., Zhang H.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 202, 4 (2012)>
=2012ApJS..202....4L 2012ApJS..202....4L
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium ; Radio lines ; Molecular clouds ;
Velocity dispersion
Keywords: ISM: clouds - ISM: molecules - ISM: structure - stars: formation
Abstract:
A mapping survey of 51 Planck cold clumps projected on the Orion
complex was performed with J=1-0 lines of 12CO and 13CO with the
13.7m telescope at the Purple Mountain Observatory. The mean column
densities of the Planck gas clumps range from 0.5 to 9.5x1021cm-2,
with an average value of (2.9±1.9)x1021cm-2. The mean excitation
temperatures of these clumps range from 7.4 to 21.1K, with an average
value of 12.1±3.0K and the average three-dimensional velocity
dispersion σ3D in these molecular clumps is 0.66±0.24km/s.
The H2 column density of the molecular clumps calculated from
molecular lines correlates with the aperture flux at 857GHz of the
dust emission. By analyzing the distributions of the physical
parameters, we suggest that turbulent flows can shape the clump
structure and dominate their density distribution on large scales, but
not function on small scales due to local fluctuations. Eighty-two
dense cores are identified in the molecular clumps. The dense cores
have an average radius and local thermal equilibrium (LTE) mass of
0.34±0.14pc and 38+5-30M☉, respectively. The structures of
low column density cores are more affected by turbulence, while the
structures of high column density cores are more affected by other
factors, especially by gravity.
Description:
Observations of 51 Planck cold clumps (from the survey of Wu et al.
2012, Cat. J/ApJ/756/76) in the Orion complex in 12CO (1-0), 13CO
(1-0), and C18O (1-0) were carried out with the PMO 13.7m radio
telescope from 2011 April to June.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 142 54 The parameters of the Planck cold clumps surveyed
table2.dat 140 54 Derived parameters of gas emission over the whole
clouds
table3.dat 157 82 Derived parameters of the dense cores
table4.dat 82 82 Derived parameters of the dense cores
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See also:
VIII/88 : Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (Planck, 2011)
VIII/39 : Composite CO Survey of the Milky Way (Dame+ 1987)
J/ApJ/756/76 : Planck cold dust clumps CO survey (Wu+, 2012)
J/A+A/544/A146 : ATLASGAL cold high-mass clumps with NH3 (Wienen+, 2012)
J/A+A/538/A137 : Orion B9 dense cores maps (Miettinen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/691/1560 : Dense core survey in the Orion B cloud (Ikeda+, 2009)
J/ApJ/665/1194 : Dense cores in the Orion A cloud survey (Ikeda+, 2007)
J/ApJ/653/383 : SCUBA observations in Orion A South region (Johnstone+, 2006)
J/ApJ/639/259 : Sub-mm clumps in Orion B molecular cloud (Johnstone+, 2006)
J/ApJ/559/307 : Sub-mm mapping in Orion B molecular cloud (Johnstone+, 2001)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Clump identifier (GBBB.bb+LL.lla)
16- 24 F9.5 deg GLON Galactic longitude
26- 38 F13.9 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
40- 41 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
43- 44 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
46- 50 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
52 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
53- 54 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
56- 57 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
59- 63 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
65- 66 I2 h RA50h Hour of Right Ascension (B1950)
68- 69 I2 min RA50m Minute of Right Ascension (B1950)
71- 75 F5.2 s RA50s Second of Right Ascension (B1950)
77 A1 --- DE50- Sign of the Declination (B1950)
78- 79 I2 deg DE50d Degree of Declination (B1950)
81- 82 I2 arcmin DE50m Arcminute of Declination (B1950)
84- 88 F5.2 arcsec DE50s Arcsecond of Declination (B1950)
90- 94 F5.2 km/s VLSR Local Standard of Rest velocity
96-100 F5.1 Jy Flux Plank aperture flux density at 857GHz
102-142 A41 --- Assoc Associations identified with SIMBAD (1)
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Note (1): Simbad identifiers within 5 arcmin. Abbreviations are:
DNe = Dark Cloud (nebula);
smm = sub-millimetric source;
Cld = Cloud;
PoC = Part of Cloud;
Rad = Radio-source;
RNe = Reflection Nebula;
MoC = Molecular Cloud;
IRAS = IRAS point source.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Clump identifier (GBBB.bb+LL.lla)
16- 19 F4.2 10+21/cm2 NH2 Mean H2 column density
21- 24 F4.2 10+21/cm2 e_NH2 Lower limit uncertainty in (2)
26- 29 F4.2 10+21/cm2 E_NH2 Upper limit uncertainty in (2)
31- 34 F4.2 --- P-NH2 [0/1] Normal NH2 P-value (G1)
36- 39 F4.2 --- Pl-NH2 [0/1] Log-normal NH2 P-value (G1)
41- 45 F5.2 K Tex Mean excitation temperature value
47- 50 F4.2 K e_Tex Lower limit uncertainty in Tex (2)
52- 55 F4.2 K E_Tex Upper limit uncertainty in Tex (2)
57- 60 F4.2 --- P-Tex [0/1] Normal Tex P-value (G1)
62- 65 F4.2 --- Pl-Tex [0/1] Log-normal Tex P-value (G1)
67- 70 F4.2 km/s sigTh Mean thermal velocity dispersion (3)
72- 75 F4.2 km/s e_sigTh Lower limit uncertainty in sigTh (2)
77- 80 F4.2 km/s E_sigTh Upper limit uncertainty in <sigTh> (2)
82- 85 F4.2 --- P-sigTh [0/1] Normal sigTh P-value (3) (G1)
87- 90 F4.2 --- Pl-sigTh [0/1] Log-normal sigTh P-value (3) (G1)
92- 95 F4.2 km/s sigNT Mean non-thermal velocity dispersion (3)
97-100 F4.2 km/s e_sigNT Lower limit uncertainty in sigNT (2)
102-105 F4.2 km/s E_sigNT Upper limit uncertainty in sigNT (2)
107-110 F4.2 --- P-sigNT [0/1] Normal sigNT P-value (3) (G1)
112-115 F4.2 --- Pl-sigNT [0/1] Log-normal sigNT P-value (3) (G1)
117-120 F4.2 km/s sig3D Mean 3D velocity dispersion value
122-125 F4.2 km/s e_sig3D Lower limit uncertainty in sig3D (2)
127-130 F4.2 km/s E_sig3D Upper limit uncertainty in sig3D (2)
132-135 F4.2 --- P-sig3D [0/1] Normal sig3D P-value (G1)
137-140 F4.2 --- Pl-sig3D [0/1] Log-normal sig3D P-value (G1)
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Note (2): Errors are calculated from the first and third quartiles.
Note (3): in one dimension.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Clump identifier (GBBB.bb+LL.lla)
16- 19 I4 arcsec oRA Offset in Right Ascension from clump center
21- 24 I4 arcsec oDE Offset in Declination from clump center
26- 30 F5.2 10+21/cm2 B_NH2 Maximum H2 column density
32- 36 F5.2 10+21/cm2 NH2 Mean H2 column density
38- 41 F4.2 10+21/cm2 e_NH2 Lower limit uncertainty in NH2 (1)
43- 46 F4.2 10+21/cm2 E_NH2 Upper limit uncertainty in NH2 (1)
48- 51 F4.2 --- P-NH2 [0/1] Normal NH2 P-value (G1)
53- 56 F4.2 --- Pl-NH2 [0/1] Log-normal NH2 P-value (G1)
58- 62 F5.2 K Tex Mean excitation temperature value
64- 67 F4.2 K e_Tex Lower limit uncertainty in Tex (1)
69- 72 F4.2 K E_Tex Upper limit uncertainty in Tex (1)
74- 77 F4.2 --- P-Tex [0/1] Normal Tex P-value (G1)
79- 82 F4.2 --- Pl-Tex [0/1] Log-normal Tex P-value (G1)
84- 87 F4.2 km/s sigTh Mean thermal velocity dispersion (2)
89- 92 F4.2 km/s e_sigTh Lower limit uncertainty in sigTh (1)
94- 97 F4.2 km/s E_sigTh Upper limit uncertainty in sigTh (1)
99-102 F4.2 --- P-sigTh [0/1] Normal sigTh P-value (2) (G1)
104-107 F4.2 --- Pl-sigTh [0/1] Log-normal sigTh P-value (2) (G1)
109-112 F4.2 km/s sigNT Mean non-thermal velocity dispersion (2)
114-117 F4.2 km/s e_sigNT Lower limit uncertainty in sigNT (1)
119-122 F4.2 km/s E_sigNT Upper limit uncertainty in sigNT (1)
124-127 F4.2 --- P-sigNT [0/1] Normal sigNT P-value (2) (G1)
129-132 F4.2 --- Pl-sigNT [0/1] Log-normal sigNT P-value (2) (G1)
134-137 F4.2 km/s sig3D Mean 3D velocity dispersion value
139-142 F4.2 km/s e_sig3D Lower limit uncertainty in sig3D (1)
144-147 F4.2 km/s E_sig3D Upper limit uncertainty in sig3D (1)
149-152 F4.2 --- P-sig3D [0/1] Normal sig3D P-value (G1)
154-157 F4.2 --- Pl-sig3D [0/1] Log-normal sig3D P-value (G1)
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Note (1): Errors are calculated from the first and third quartiles.
Note (2): in one dimension.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Clump identifier (GBBB.bb+LL.lla)
16- 24 A9 arcsec Size Deconvolved Size; major axis by minor axis
26- 30 F5.1 deg PA [-83.4/88.4] Position angle of the core
32- 35 F4.2 pc R [0.08/0.65] Core radius
37- 40 F4.1 km/s VLSR [-2.8/36.4] Local Standard of Rest velocity
42- 44 F3.1 km/s e_VLSR ? Uncertainty in VLSR
46- 48 F3.1 10+3/cm3 n [0.9/5.6] Volume density
50- 54 F5.1 Msun MLTE [0.3/270.2] LTE core mass
56- 60 F5.1 Msun Mvir Virial core mass
62- 66 F5.1 Msun MJ Core Jeans mass
68- 82 A15 --- Assoc IRAS point source association
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): The P-value (Pl-value) results from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
to check whether the distribution is normal (log-normal) for the
parameter; values larger than 0.05 mean that the parameter should
follow the normal (or log-normal) distribution.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Oct-2012