J/ApJS/205/6 T dwarf population revealed by WISE (Mace+, 2013)
A study of the diverse T dwarf population revealed by WISE.
Mace G.N., Kirkpatrick J.D., Cushing M.C., Gelino C.R., Griffith R.L.,
Skrutskie M.F., Marsh K.A., Wright E.L., Eisenhardt P.R., McLean I.S.,
Thompson M.A., Mix K., Bailey V., Beichman C.A., Bloom J.S., Burgasser A.J.,
Fortney J.J., Hinz P.M., Knox R.P., Lowrance P.J., Marley M.S., Morley C.V.,
Rodigas T.J., Saumon D., Sheppard S.S., Stock N.D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 205, 6 (2013)>
=2013ApJS..205....6M 2013ApJS..205....6M
ADC_Keywords: Stars, dwarfs ; Spectral types ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: binaries: general - brown dwarfs - galaxies: active -
infrared: stars - stars: low-mass
Abstract:
We report the discovery of 87 new T dwarfs uncovered with the
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and 3 brown dwarfs with
extremely red near-infrared colors that exhibit characteristics of
both L and T dwarfs. Two of the new T dwarfs are likely binaries with
L7±1 primaries and mid-type T secondaries. In addition, our
follow-up program has confirmed 10 previously identified T dwarfs and
4 photometrically selected L and T dwarf candidates in the literature.
This sample, along with the previous WISE discoveries, triples the
number of known brown dwarfs with spectral types later than T5. Using
the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog we present updated color-color and
color-type diagrams for all the WISE-discovered T and Y dwarfs.
Near-infrared spectra of the new discoveries are presented along with
spectral classifications.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 118 104 Updated WISE All-Sky Photometry for discoveries
from Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJS/197/19)
table2.dat 107 102 WISE All-Sky Photometry for brown dwarf
discoveries from this paper
table3.dat 110 17 Additional follow-up 2MASS, MKO, and IRAC
photometry for discoveries from
Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJS/197/19)
table4.dat 110 129 Follow-up 2MASS, MKO, and IRAC photometry for
new brown dwarf discoveries
table5.dat 81 95 Follow-up near-IR spectroscopy and spectral
classifications for T dwarf discoveries
table6.dat 154 15 New near-IR spectroscopy and spectral
classifications for other brown dwarfs from
the literature
table7.dat 149 223 Modified spectral indices based on median fluxes
table8.dat 127 21 Average median-flux spectral indices for
each half spectral type
table9.dat 107 31 *WISE All-Sky photometry for interloper sources
table10.dat 47 22 *Spitzer/IRAC photometry for interloper sources
table11.dat 124 31 *Follow-up near-IR spectroscopy for interloper
sources
table12.dat 137 201 Spectral indices using integrated (not median)
fluxes
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Note on table9.dat, table10.dat, table11.dat: interlopers are brown dwarf
candidates from the photometric selection, but are spectroscopically
identified as contaminants.
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See also:
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 24 A19 --- WISE WISE name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
25 A1 --- n_WISE [*] independent discovery (1)
26- 38 A13 --- SpType Near-IR Spectral type (G1)
40 A1 --- l_W1mag Limit flag on W1mag
41- 45 F5.2 mag W1mag W1 (3.4um) magnitude
47- 50 F4.2 mag e_W1mag ? rms uncertainty on W1mag
52- 56 F5.2 mag W2mag W2 (4.6um) magnitude
58- 61 F4.2 mag e_W2mag ? rms uncertainty on W2mag
63 A1 --- l_W3mag Limit flag on W3mag
64- 68 F5.2 mag W3mag W3 (12um) magnitude
70- 73 F4.2 mag e_W3mag ? rms uncertainty on W3mag
75 A1 --- l_W4mag Limit flag on W4mag
76- 80 F5.2 mag W4mag W4 (22um) magnitude
82- 85 F4.2 mag e_W4mag ? rms uncertainty on W4mag
87 A1 --- l_W1-W2 Limit flag on W1-W2
88- 91 F4.2 mag W1-W2 W1-W2 colour index
93- 96 F4.2 mag e_W1-W2 ? rms uncertainty on W1-W2
98 A1 --- l_W2-W3 Limit flag on W2-W3
99-102 F4.2 mag W2-W3 W2-W3 colour index
104-107 F4.2 mag e_W2-W3 ? rms uncertainty on W2-W3
109-118 A10 --- SName Object short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
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Note (1): *: Scholz et al. (2011A&A...532L...5S 2011A&A...532L...5S) independently discovered
the T9 dwarf WISE J1741+2553, first announced in Gelino et al.
(2011AJ....142...57G 2011AJ....142...57G), and also noted WISE J0254+0223 as a proper
motion object of presumably late type.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[29].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 A6 --- --- [WISE WISEPC ]
8- 26 A19 --- WISE WISE name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
27 A1 --- n_WISE Individual notes (1)
29 A1 --- l_W1mag Limit flag on W1mag
30- 34 F5.2 mag W1mag W1 (3.4um) magnitude
36- 39 F4.2 mag e_W1mag ? rms uncertainty on W1mag
41- 45 F5.2 mag W2mag W2 (4.6um) magnitude
47- 50 F4.2 mag e_W2mag ? rms uncertainty on W2mag
52 A1 --- l_W3mag Limit flag on W3mag
53- 57 F5.2 mag W3mag ?=- W3 (12um) magnitude
59- 62 F4.2 mag e_W3mag ? rms uncertainty on W3mag
64 A1 --- l_W4mag Limit flag on W4mag
65- 69 F5.2 mag W4mag ?=- W4 (22um) magnitude
71- 74 F4.2 mag e_W4mag ? rms uncertainty on W4mag
76 A1 --- l_W1-W2 Limit flag on W1-W2
77- 80 F4.2 mag W1-W2 W1-W2 colour index
82- 85 F4.2 mag e_W1-W2 ? rms uncertainty on W1-W2
87 A1 --- l_W2-W3 Limit flag on W2-W3
88- 91 F4.2 mag W2-W3 ?=- W2-W3 colour index
93- 96 F4.2 mag e_W2-W3 ? rms uncertainty on W2-W3
98-107 A10 --- SName Object short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
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Note (1): Individual notes as follows:
a = L dwarf candidate, Aberasturi et al. (2011A&A...534L...7A 2011A&A...534L...7A)
b = ULAS J095047.28+011734.3, Leggett et al. (2012ApJ...748...74L 2012ApJ...748...74L)
c = IR source, Andrei et al. (2011AJ....141...54A 2011AJ....141...54A)
d = LHS 2803B, Deacon et al. (2012ApJ...757..100D 2012ApJ...757..100D)
e = BD +01deg 2920B, Pinfield et al. (2012MNRAS.422.1922P 2012MNRAS.422.1922P)
f = T7 candidates, Scholz (2010A&A...515A..92S 2010A&A...515A..92S)
g = PSO J226.2599-28.8959, PSO J246.4222+15.4698, PSO J247.3273+03.5932,
Deacon et al. (2011AJ....142...77D 2011AJ....142...77D)
h = VHS J154352.78-043909.6, Lodieu et al. (2012A&A...548A..53L 2012A&A...548A..53L)
i = WISE J180901.07+383805.4, Luhman et al. (2012ApJ...760..152L 2012ApJ...760..152L)
j = A nearby object caused source confusion in the pipeline used to generate
the All-Sky Catalog, resulting in a non-detection of this object. The
magnitudes reported here were taken from the first-pass processing
operations co-add Source Working Database.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[34].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Object short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
17 I1 --- Obs ? Observation reference (1)
18 A1 --- Note [*a-j] Notes on IR photometry (2)
20 A1 --- l_J2mag Limit flag on J2mag
21- 25 F5.2 mag J2mag ?=- 2MASS filter system J magnitude
27- 30 F4.2 mag e_J2mag ? rms uncertainty on J2mag
32 A1 --- l_H2mag Limit flag on H2mag
33- 37 F5.2 mag H2mag ?=- 2MASS filter system H magnitude
39- 42 F4.2 mag e_H2mag ? rms uncertainty on H2mag
44 A1 --- l_Ksmag Limit flag on Ksmag
45- 49 F5.2 mag Ksmag ?=- 2MASS filter system Ks magnitude
51- 54 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag ? rms uncertainty on Ksmag
56 A1 --- l_Jmag [~] Limit flag on Jmag
57- 61 F5.2 mag Jmag ?=- MKO filter system J magnitude
63- 66 F4.2 mag e_Jmag ? rms uncertainty on Jmag
67 A1 --- l_Hmag [~] Limit flag on Hmag
68- 72 F5.2 mag Hmag ?=- MKO filter system H magnitude
74- 77 F4.2 mag e_Hmag ? rms uncertainty on Hmag
79- 83 F5.2 mag [3.6] ?=- Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude
85- 88 F4.2 mag e_[3.6] ? rms uncertainty on [3.6]
90- 94 F5.2 mag [4.2] ?=- Spitzer/IRAC 4.2um magnitude
96- 99 F4.2 mag e_[4.2] ? rms uncertainty on [4.2]
101-105 F5.2 mag [3.6/4.2] ?=- Spitzer/IRAC [3.6]-[4.2] colour index
107-110 F4.2 mag e_[3.6/4.2] ? rms uncertainty on [3.6]-[4.2]
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Note (1): Reference. for JHK instrument or catalog as follows:
1 = 2MASS filter system: 2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog
2 = 2MASS filter system: 2MASS Reject Table
3 = 2MASS filter system: Bigelow/2MASS
4 = 2MASS filter system: PAIRITEL
5 = MKO filter system: Palomar/WIRC
6 = MKO filter system: Magellan/PANIC
7 = MKO filter system: UKIDSS
8 = MKO filter system: CTIO-4m/NEWFIRM
9 = Other filter System: SOAR/OSIRIS
Note (2): Notes as follow:
* = Approximate magnitudes based on images with only three 2MASS sources
available for photometric calibration
a = K=16.55±0.05 (mag)
b = Z=19.75±0.09 (mag), Y=17.48±0.02 (mag), K=16.40±0.04 (mag)
c = Y=18.96±0.06 (mag)
d = Y=18.92±0.05 (mag)
e = Y=19.51±0.14 (mag)
f = Y=18.35±0.04 (mag), K=18.10±0.15 (mag)
g = Y=19.57±0.07 (mag)
h = Y=17.62±0.02 (mag), K=16.87±0.05 (mag)
i = Y=17.42±0.02 (mag), K=16.98±0.07 (mag)
j = Y=17.34±0.02 (mag), K=16.52±0.04 (mag)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
26- 38 A13 --- SpType Near-IR Spectral type (G1)
40- 54 A15 --- Inst Spectrograph
56- 59 I4 s Texp Integration time
61- 69 A9 --- Tell* Target for telluric correction
71- 81 A11 "YYYY/MMM/DD" ObsDate Observation date
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 24 A24 --- Name Object name
26- 38 A13 --- SpType Near-IR Spectral type (G1)
40- 54 A15 --- Inst Spectrograph
56- 59 I4 s Texp Integration time
61- 69 A9 --- Tell* Target for telluric correction
71- 81 A11 "YYYY/MMM/DD" ObsDate Observation date
83- 96 A14 --- SpT.pub Published near-IR Spectral type
99-108 A10 --- SName Short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
110-154 A45 --- Disc Discovery paper
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- S [SKNTY] Sample (1)
3- 12 A10 --- SName Short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
14- 30 A17 --- Name Object Name
32- 47 A16 --- Inst Instrument
48 A1 --- n_Inst [a] Note on Inst (2)
50- 58 A9 --- SpType Near-IR Spectral type
60- 65 F6.3 --- H2O-J ?=- H2O-J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.140-1.165)/F(1.260-1.285)
67- 71 F5.3 --- e_H2O-J ?=- rms uncertainty on H2O-J
72 A1 --- n_H2O-J [ab] Note on H2O-J (3)
73- 78 F6.3 --- CH4-J ?=- CH4-J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.315-1.340)/F(1.260-1.285)
80- 84 F5.3 --- e_CH4-J ?=- rms uncertainty on CH4-J
85 A1 --- n_CH4-J [ab] Note on CH4-J (3)
86- 91 F6.3 --- H2O-H ?=- H2O-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.480-1.520)/F(1.560-1.600)
93- 97 F5.3 --- e_H2O-H ?=- rms uncertainty on H2O-H
98 A1 --- n_H2O-H [ab] Note on H2O-H (3)
99-104 F6.3 --- CH4-H ?=- CH4-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.635-1.675)/F(1.560-1.600)
106-110 F5.3 --- e_CH4-H ?=- rms uncertainty on CH4-H
111 A1 --- n_CH4-H [ab] Note on CH4-H (3)
112-117 F6.3 --- WJ ?=- WJ spectral diagnostic
=F(1.180-1.230)/F(1.260-12.285)
119-123 F5.3 --- e_WJ ?=- rms uncertainty on WJ
124 A1 --- n_WJ [ab] Note on WJ (3)
125-130 F6.3 --- NH3-H ?=- NH3-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.530-1.560)/F(1.570-1.600)
132-136 F5.3 --- e_NH3-H ?=- rms uncertainty on NH3-H
137 A1 --- n_NH3-H [ab] Note on NH3-H (3)
138-143 F6.3 --- Jnarrow ?=- Jnarrow spectral diagnostic (only in table7)
=F(1.245-1.260)/F(1.260-12.275)
145-149 F5.3 --- e_Jnarrow ?=- rms uncertainty on Jnarrow (only in table7)
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Note (1): Sample as follows:
S = T and Y Dwarf Standards
K = T Dwarf Discoveries from Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJS/197/19)
N = New T Dwarf Discoveries
T = T Dwarfs from Table 6
Y = Y Dwarfs from Cushing et al. (2011ApJ...743...50C 2011ApJ...743...50C) and
Kirkpatrick et al. (2012, Cat. J/ApJS/190/100)
Note (2): a: Spectra from Adam Burgasser's SpeX Prism Spectral Library.
Note (3): Note (only in table12) as follows:
a = Cushing et al. (2011ApJ...743...50C 2011ApJ...743...50C)
b = Burgasser et al. (2011ApJ...735..116B 2011ApJ...735..116B)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- SpType Near-IR Spectral type
7- 12 F6.3 --- H2O-J H2O-J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.140-1.165)/F(1.260-1.285)
14- 18 F5.3 --- e_H2O-J rms uncertainty on H2O-J
20- 24 F5.3 --- CH4-J CH4-J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.315-1.340)/F(1.260-1.285)
26- 30 F5.3 --- e_CH4-J rms uncertainty on CH4-J
32- 36 F5.3 --- H2O-H H2O-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.480-1.520)/F(1.560-1.600)
38- 42 F5.3 --- e_H2O-H rms uncertainty on H2O-H
44- 49 F6.3 --- CH4-H CH4-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.635-1.675)/F(1.560-1.600)
51- 55 F5.3 --- e_CH4-H rms uncertainty on CH4-H
57- 61 F5.3 --- WJ WJ spectral diagnostic
=F(1.180-1.230)/F(1.260-12.285)
63- 67 F5.3 --- e_WJ rms uncertainty on WJ
69- 73 F5.3 --- NH3-H NH3-H spectral diagnostic
=F(1.530-1.560)/F(1.570-1.600)
75- 79 F5.3 --- e_NH3-H rms uncertainty on NH3-H
81- 85 F5.3 --- Jnarrow Jnarrow spectral diagnostic
=F(1.245-1.260)/F(1.260-12.275)
87- 91 F5.3 --- e_Jnarrow rms uncertainty on Jnarrow
93- 97 F5.3 --- Y/J Y/J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.005-1.045)/F(1.250-12.290)
99-103 F5.3 --- e_Y/J rms uncertainty on Y/J
105-109 F5.3 --- H/J H/J spectral diagnostic
=F(1.560-1.600)/F(1.250-12.290)
111-115 F5.3 --- e_H/J rms uncertainty on H/J
117-121 F5.3 --- K/J K/J spectral diagnostic
=F(2.000-2.100)/F(1.250-12.290)
123-127 F5.3 --- e_K/J rms uncertainty on K/J
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Object short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 21 F5.2 mag [3.6] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude
23- 26 F4.2 mag e_[3.6] rms uncertainty on [3.6]
28- 32 F5.2 mag [4.2] Spitzer/IRAC 4.2um magnitude
34- 37 F4.2 mag e_[4.2] rms uncertainty on [4.2]
39- 42 F4.2 mag [3.6/4.2] Spitzer/IRAC [3.6]-[4.2] colour index
44- 47 F4.2 mag e_[3.6/4.2] rms uncertainty on [3.6]-[4.2]
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [WISE]
6- 15 A10 --- SName Object short name (JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 31 A15 --- Inst Spectrograph
33- 46 A14 --- Date Observation date
49-129 A81 --- Desc Description of Spectrum
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): Classification notes:
pec = peculiar
sb = spectral binary
sb? = possible spectral binary
: = low S/N
extremely red = discussed in Section 4.2
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 01-Mar-2013