J/ApJS/209/2 The BGPS. X. Dense molecular gas (Shirley+, 2013)
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey.
X. A complete spectroscopic catalog of dense molecular gas observed toward
1.1mm dust continuum sources with 7.5°≤l≤194°.
Shirley Y.L., Ellsworth-Bowers T.P., Svoboda B., Schlingman W.M.,
Ginsburg A., Rosolowsky E., Gerner T., Mairs S., Battersby C.,
Stringfellow G., Dunham M.K., Glenn J., Bally J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 209, 2 (2013)>
=2013ApJS..209....2S 2013ApJS..209....2S
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium ; Milky Way ; Radio lines ; Surveys
Keywords: Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics - ISM: clouds - ISM: structure -
radio lines: ISM - stars: formation - surveys
Abstract:
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) is a 1.1 mm continuum survey
of dense clumps of dust throughout the Galaxy covering 170deg2. We
present spectroscopic observations using the Heinrich Hertz
Submillimeter Telescope of the dense gas tracers, HCO+ and
N2H+3-2, for all 6194 sources in the BGPS v1.0.1 catalog between
7.5°≤l≤194°. This is the largest targeted spectroscopic
survey of dense molecular gas in the Milky Way to date. We find unique
velocities for 3126 (50.5%) of the BGPS v1.0.1 sources observed.
Strong N2H+ 3-2 emission (Tmb>0.5K) without HCO+ 3-2 emission
does not occur in this catalog. We characterize the properties of the
dense molecular gas emission toward the entire sample. HCO+ is very
sub-thermally populated and the 3-2 transitions are optically thick
toward most BGPS clumps. The median observed line width is 3.3 km/s
consistent with supersonic turbulence within BGPS clumps. We find
strong correlations between dense molecular gas integrated intensities
and 1.1 mm peak flux and the gas kinetic temperature derived from
previously published NH3observations. These intensity correlations
are driven by the sensitivity of the 3-2 transitions to excitation
conditions rather than by variations in molecular column density or
abundance. We identify a subset of 113 sources with stronger N2H+
than HCO+ integrated intensity, but we find no correlations between
the N2H+/HCO+ ratio and 1.1 mm continuum flux density, gas
kinetic temperature, or line width. Self-absorbed profiles are rare
(1.3%).
Description:
In the range 7.5≤l≤194° 4705 BGPS clumps were observed during 51
observing shifts between 2011 February 28 and 2012 December 8 with the
10m Heinrich Hertz Telescope (HHT). The source catalog was determined
by observing all Bolocat v1.0.1 sources that were not previously
observed by Schlingman et al. (Paper V, 2011, Cat. J/ApJS/195/14) plus
re-observing sources where the pointing in Schlingman et al. exceeded
half the HHT beamwidth (15") from the v1.0.1 catalog peak 1.1mm
continuum position.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 94 6194 HCO+ 3-2 (267.5576GHz) observed properties
table3.dat 68 6194 N2H+ 3-2 (279.5118379GHz) observed properties
table5.dat 28 80 HCO+ 3-2 line asymmetries
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/MNRAS/422/3178 : Distances of 793 BGPS sources (Eden+, 2012)
J/ApJ/741/110 : The BGPS. VII. Massive star-forming regions (Dunham+, 2011)
J/ApJS/196/12 : First results from Mopra HCO+ maps (Barnes+, 2011)
J/ApJS/195/14 : The BGPS. Paper V. (Schlingman+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/94 : Red MSX sources in BGPS (Schenck+, 2011)
J/ApJ/721/137 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) (Bally+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [1307/7514] Source number
6- 20 A15 --- BGPS Source name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)
22- 23 I2 h RAh [2/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
25- 26 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 31 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd [0/62] Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
45 I1 --- Cat [1/2] Known (1) or new (2) source (G1)
47 I1 --- HCO [0/3] Detection flag, 1=ok (G2)
49- 53 F5.1 km/s vLSR [-73.6/154.8]? Local Standard of Rest velocity
55- 60 F6.3 K Tmb [0.09/18.5]? Peak main beam temperature
62- 66 F5.3 K e_Tmb The 1σ main beam temperature
68- 74 F7.3 K.km/s I [0.20/151.7]? Integrated intensity
76- 80 F5.3 K.km/s e_I ? The 1σ uncertainty in I
82- 85 F4.1 km/s Delv [0.4/25]? Full-width at Half-Maximum
87- 89 F3.1 km/s e_Delv ? The 1σ uncertainty in Delv
91- 94 F4.1 km/s FWZI [1.1/49.3]? Full-Width at Zero-Intensity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [1307/7514] Source number
6- 20 A15 --- BGPS Source name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)
22 I1 --- Cat [1/2] Known (1) or new (2) source (G1)
24 I1 --- N2H [0/3] Detection flag, 1=ok (G2)
26- 30 F5.1 km/s vLSR [-66.4/155.3]? Local Standard of Rest velocity
32- 36 F5.3 K Tmb [0.08/7.4]? Peak main beam temperature
38- 42 F5.3 K e_Tmb The 1σ main beam temperature
44- 49 F6.3 K.km/s I [-0.16/42.7]? Integrated intensity
51- 55 F5.3 K.km/s e_I ? The 1σ uncertainty in I
57- 59 F3.1 km/s Delv [1.1/10]? Full-width at Half-Maximum
61- 63 F3.1 km/s e_Delv ? The 1σ uncertainty in Delv
65- 68 F4.1 km/s FWZI [1/19.3]? Full-Width at Zero-Intensity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [1363/7493] Source number
6- 20 A15 --- BGPS Source name (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)
22 I1 --- Cat [1/2] Known (1) or new (2) source (G1)
24 I1 --- HCO [3] The HCO+ flag, 1=ok (G2)
26 I1 --- N2H [0/3]? The N2H+ flag, 1=ok (G2)
28 A1 --- Asym [ber] HCO+ 3-2 line asymmetry flag (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Asymmetry flag as follows:
b = blue-asymmetry;
r = red asymmetric;
e = equal asymmetry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Catalog code:
1 = Schlingman et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJS/195/14);
2 = new observations presented in this paper.
Note (G2): Catalog detection flag as follows:
1 = single vLSR component detected at the >3σ(Tmb) level;
2 = multiple vLSR components detected;
3 = source with possible self-absorption;
0 = a non-detection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Aguirre et al. Paper I. 2011ApJS..192....4A 2011ApJS..192....4A
Rosolowsky et al. Paper II. 2010ApJS..188..123R 2010ApJS..188..123R Cat. J/ApJS/188/123
Dunham et al. Paper III. 2010ApJ...717.1157D 2010ApJ...717.1157D
Bally et al. Paper IV. 2010ApJ...721..137B 2010ApJ...721..137B Cat. J/ApJ/721/137
Schlingman et al. Paper V. 2011ApJS..195...14S 2011ApJS..195...14S Cat. J/ApJS/195/14
Dunham et al. Paper VI. 2011ApJ...731...90D 2011ApJ...731...90D Cat. J/ApJ/731/90
Dunham et al. Paper VII. 2011ApJ...741..110D 2011ApJ...741..110D Cat. J/ApJ/741/110
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper VIII. 2013ApJ...770...39E 2013ApJ...770...39E
Ginsburg et al. Paper IX. 2013ApJS..208...14G 2013ApJS..208...14G
Merello et al. Paper XI. 2015ApJS..218....1M 2015ApJS..218....1M Cat. J/ApJS/218/1
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper XII. 2015ApJ...799...29E 2015ApJ...799...29E Cat. J/ApJ/799/29
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper XIII. 2015ApJ...805..157E 2015ApJ...805..157E Cat. J/ApJ/805/157
Svoboda et al. Paper XIV. 2016ApJ...822...59S 2016ApJ...822...59S Cat. J/ApJ/822/59
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-Nov-2013