J/ApJS/211/4 Thorium spectrum from 250nm to 5500nm (Redman+, 2014)
The spectrum of thorium from 250 nm to 5500 nm: Ritz wavelengths and optimized
energy levels.
Redman S.L., Nave G., Sansonetti C.J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 211, 4 (2014)>
=2014ApJS..211....4R 2014ApJS..211....4R
ADC_Keywords: Atomic physics ; Spectroscopy
Keywords: atomic data; line: identification; methods: data analysis; standards;
techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
We have made precise observations of a thorium-argon hollow cathode
lamp emission spectrum in the region between 350nm and 1175nm using a
high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Our measurements are
combined with results from seven previously published thorium line
lists to re-optimize the energy levels of neutral, singly, and doubly
ionized thorium (Th I, Th II, and Th III). Using the optimized level
values, we calculate accurate Ritz wavelengths for 19874 thorium lines
between 250nm and 5500nm (40000/cm to 1800/cm). We have also found 102
new thorium energy levels. A systematic analysis of previous
measurements in light of our new results allows us to identify and
propose corrections for systematic errors in Palmer & Engleman
(1983ats..book.....P 1983ats..book.....P) and typographical errors and incorrect
classifications in Kerber et al. (2008ApJS..178..374K 2008ApJS..178..374K). We also found
a large scatter with respect to the thorium line list of Lovis & Pepe
(Cat. J/A+A/468/1115). We anticipate that our Ritz wavelengths will
lead to improved measurement accuracy for current and future
spectrographs that make use of thorium-argon or thorium-neon lamps as
calibration standards.
Description:
We observed the spectrum of a commercial sealed Th/Ar HCL running at
25mA for almost 15hr starting on 2011 November 2. The region of
observation was limited to between 8500/cm and 28000/cm (360nm and
1200nm) by the sensitivity of the silicon photodiode detector.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 94 3800 Our new thorium measurements
table4.dat 44 102 New Thorium energy levels
table5.dat 74 69 Newly identified neon lines from Palmer &
Engleman (1983ats..book.....P 1983ats..book.....P)
table6.dat 115 20104 Thorium line list
table7.dat 63 1368 Optimized thorium energy levels
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See also:
J/A+A/468/1115 : Thorium and argon lines in the visible (Lovis+, 2007)
J/AJ/141/62 : M5 chemical abundances for evolved stars (Lai+, 2011)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 F11.5 cm-1 sigma [8530.4/26995.8] Wavenumber σ
13- 19 F7.5 cm-1 e_sigma Uncertainty in sigma
21- 31 F11.6 nm lambda [370.4/1172.3] Vacuum wavelength λ
33- 40 F8.6 nm e_lambda Uncertainty in Vsigma
42- 44 I3 10-3cm-1 Width [13/154] Line width
46- 47 I2 --- SN [2/99] Measure signal-to-noise
49- 53 A5 --- Ion Species identifier
56- 60 I5 cm-1 E1 ? Odd level energy
62- 69 A8 --- J1 Odd J level designation
71- 75 I5 cm-1 E0 ? Even level energy
77- 83 A7 --- J0 Even J level designation
85- 92 F8.5 cm-1 Diff ? Difference between this study and Ritz
wavenumbers Δσ
94 A1 --- Note Additional note (1)
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Note (1): An "A" in the last column indicates a measured line that matches
more than one classification.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- --- [Th] Thorium
4- 5 A2 --- Ion [I II] Ion stage (I=neutral)
7 A1 --- P [eo] Parity, even or odd
10- 19 F10.4 cm-1 E Energy level
22- 27 F6.4 cm-1 e_E Energy uncertainty
30- 41 A12 --- J List of possible J values
43- 44 I2 --- N Number of lines used to derive the level
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 F11.5 cm-1 Psigma [7839.3/36265.7] The Palmer & Engleman
(1983ats..book.....P 1983ats..book.....P) wavenumber
13- 19 F7.5 cm-1 e_Psigma Uncertainty in Psigma
21- 30 F10.4 cm-1 Osigma [7839.3/36265.7] Observed Neon wavenumber
32- 37 F6.4 cm-1 e_Osigma Uncertainty in Osigma
39- 48 F10.4 cm-1 Rsigma [7902.5/36265.7]? Ritz wavenumber
50- 55 F6.4 cm-1 e_Rsigma ? Uncertainty in Rsigma
57- 66 A10 --- Ref Source(s) (1)
68- 69 A2 --- --- [Ne] Element (Neon)
71- 72 A2 --- Ion [I II] Ionization state (I=neutral or II)
74 A1 --- Note [or] Line matches Observed (o) or
Ritz (r) wavenumber (blank is both)
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Note (1): Literature values for the NeI lines are taken from the compilation
of Saloman & Sansonetti (2004JPCRD..33.1113S 2004JPCRD..33.1113S), while those of NeII are
from Kramida & Nave (2006EPJD...39..331K 2006EPJD...39..331K). Source identifications are:
MH2 = Meggers & Humphreys (1934, Bur. Stand. J. Res., 13, 293),
BAL = Burns et al. (1950JOSA...40..339B 1950JOSA...40..339B),
EHR = Ehrhardt J.C. (1970PhDT........32E 1970PhDT........32E),
P71 = Persson W. (1971PhyS....3..133P 1971PhyS....3..133P),
PE83 = Palmer & Engleman (1983ats..book.....P 1983ats..book.....P),
SBS04 = Sansonetti et al. (2004),
KN06 = Kramida & Nave (2006EPJD...39..331K 2006EPJD...39..331K).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 F12.6 cm-1 Rsigma [1846/42625] Ritz wavenumber
14- 21 F8.6 cm-1 e_Rsigma Uncertainty in Rsigma
23- 34 F12.6 nm Rlambda [2346/54147] Ritz vacuum wavelength λ
36- 43 F8.6 nm e_Rlambda Uncertainty in Rlambda
45- 46 A2 --- --- ]Th] Thorium
48- 50 A3 --- Ion [I II III] Ion stage (I=neutral)
52- 56 I5 --- Int [0/53000] Relative intensity
58- 69 A12 --- ID1 Lower energy level tag; energy, J, parity
71- 82 A12 --- ID2 Upper energy level tag; energy, J, parity
84- 94 F11.5 cm-1 sigma [1846/42625] Measured wavenumber σ
95 A1 --- --- [0]
97-103 F7.5 cm-1 e_sigma [0/0.015] Uncertainty in sigma
104 A1 --- --- [0]
106-111 A6 --- Ref Source (1)
114-115 A2 --- Note Additional note (2)
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Note (1): Source as follows:
GBCZ74 = Giacchetti et al. (1974, JRNBS, 78A, 247);
ZC74 = Zalubas & Corliss (1974, JRNBS, 78A, 163 );
Z76 = Zalubas R. (1976, JRNBS, 80A, 221);
PE83 = Palmer & Engleman (1983ats..book.....P 1983ats..book.....P);
EHW03 = Engleman et al. (2003JQSRT..78....1E 2003JQSRT..78....1E);
LP07 = Lovis & Pepe (2007, Cat. J/A+A/468/1115);
KNS08 = Kerber et al. (2008ApJS..178..374K 2008ApJS..178..374K);
RNS13 = This publication.
Note (2): The note in the last column means:
A = a measured line that matches more than one classification.
B? = a line that deviates from the Ritz wavenumber by 5 or more times
its measured uncertainty, and therefore was not included in the
level optimization.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- --- [Th] Element (Thorium)
4- 6 A3 --- Ion [I II III] Ion stage (I=neutral)
8 A1 --- P [eo] Parity, even or odd
13- 24 A12 --- ID Energy level tag; energyJparity
26- 37 F12.6 cm-1 E [0/66427.2] Energy
39- 46 F8.6 cm-1 e_E [0/0.018] Uncertainty in E
48- 59 A12 --- J Possible J level(s)
61- 63 I3 --- N [1/198] Number of lines used
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 04-Apr-2014