J/ApJS/215/15 SMaSH+: observations and companion detection (Sana+, 2014)
Southern MAssive Stars at High angular resolution: observational campaign and
companion detection.
Sana H., Le Bouquin J.-B., Lacour S., Berger J.-P., Duvert G., Gauchet L.,
Norris B., Olofsson J., Pickel D., Zins G., Absil O., de Koter A.,
Kratter K., Schnurr O., Zinnecker H.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 215, 15 (2014)>
=2014ApJS..215...15S 2014ApJS..215...15S
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, O ; Surveys ;
Photometry, infrared ; Interferometry
Keywords: binaries: visual; stars: early-type; stars: imaging; surveys;
techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: interferometric
Abstract:
Multiplicity is one of the most fundamental observable properties of
massive O-type stars and offers a promising way to discriminate
between massive star formation theories. Nevertheless, companions at
separations between 1 and 100 milliarcsec (mas) remain mostly unknown
due to intrinsic observational limitations. At a typical distance of
2kpc, this corresponds to projected physical separations of 2-200AU.
The Southern MAssive Stars at High angular resolution survey (SMaSH+)
was designed to fill this gap by providing the first systematic
interferometric survey of Galactic massive stars. We observed 117
O-type stars with VLTI/PIONIER and 162 O-type stars with NACO/Sparse
Aperture Masking (SAM), probing the separation ranges 1-45 and
30-250mas and brightness contrasts of ΔH<4 and ΔH<5,
respectively. Taking advantage of NACO's field of view, we further
uniformly searched for visual companions in an 8" radius down to
ΔH=8. This paper describes observations and data analysis,
reports the discovery of almost 200 new companions in the separation
range from 1mas to 8" and presents a catalog of detections, including
the first resolved measurements of over a dozen known long-period
spectroscopic binaries. Excluding known runaway stars for which no
companions are detected, 96 objects in our main sample
(δ<0°; H<7.5) were observed both with PIONIER and NACO/SAM.
The fraction of these stars with at least one resolved companion
within 200mas is 0.53. Accounting for known but unresolved
spectroscopic or eclipsing companions, the multiplicity fraction at
separation ρ<8" increases to fm=0.91±0.03. The nine
non-thermal radio emitters observed by SMaSH+ are all resolved,
including the newly discovered pairs HD 168112 and CPD-47°2963.
Description:
The bulk of the Southern MAssive Stars at High angular resolution
survey (SMaSH+) observations has been obtained in the course of a
European Southern Observatory (ESO) large program (189.C-0644) which
was granted 20 VLTI/PIONIER nights over the period 2012 April-2013
March and 3 NACO/SAM nights in 2013 June. The NACO observations are
complemented by a 2011 pilot program and additional programs in 2012
and 2013 for a total of 13 VLT/UT4 nights. Thirteen stars have further
been observed as backup targets of various PIONIER runs from 2013
December to 2014 August. The practical limiting magnitude of PIONIER
in its small spectral dispersion mode is H=7.5.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 98 129 SMaSH+ survey main target list
table2.dat 97 13 SMaSH+ survey runaway target list
table3.dat 98 36 SMaSH+ survey supplementary target list
table5.dat 105 116 SMaSH+ companion detections with PIONIER and
NACO/SAM
table6.dat 111 166 SMaSH+ companion detections with the NACO FOV
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See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)
III/274 : Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (Sota+, 2014)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
III/154 : Radial Velocities along Southern Galactic Equator (Denoyelle 1987)
J/AJ/148/114 : Radial velocity curve of δ Cir (Mayer+, 2014)
J/A+A/557/A13 : 3 eclipsing high-mass binaries LC (Barr Dominguez+, 2013)
J/A+A/550/A107 : RV catalogue of O stars in 30 Doradus (Sana+, 2013)
J/A+A/542/A95 : 9 Sgr spectra 1999-2011 (Rauw+, 2012)
J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/424/1925 : Spectrocopic Binarity of O and B type stars (Chini+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/416/817 : RV cat. of O-type stars in IC 2944 and Cen OB2 (Sana+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/146 : RVs of Galactic O-type stars I. (Williams+, 2011)
J/AJ/139/743 : Speckle interferometry in 2008-09 (Tokovinin+, 2010)
J/AN/331/349 : O, B-type + red supergiant luminosities (Hohle+, 2010)
J/A+A/518/A1 : Galactic massive stars with AstraLux (Maiz Apellaniz, 2010)
J/A+A/515/A26 : H and Ks photometry of Trumpler 14 (Sana+, 2010)
J/A+A/502/937 : Radial velocities of 9 O-type stars (Mahy+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/291 : Spectroscopic observations of HD 152219 (Sana, 2009)
J/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/400/1479 : RV catalogue of O-type stars in NGC 6611 (Sana+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/386/447 : RV catalogue of O-type stars in NGC 6231 (Sana+, 2008)
J/A+A/457/637 : UBVJHK synthetic phot. of Galactic O stars (Martins+, 2006)
J/A+A/454/1047 : XMM view of NGC 6231 open cluster (Sana+, 2006)
J/other/IBVS/5480 : Elements for 80 eclipsing binaries (Otero, 2003)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[123].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- PIO Observation with VLTI/PIONIER
3 A1 --- SAM Observation with VLT-NACO/SAM (Sparse Aperture
Masking)
5- 17 A13 --- Name Star name (HD, BD or CPD)
18 A1 --- f_Name [a] Flag on Name (1)
20- 38 A19 --- OName Other name
40- 52 A13 --- SpT MK spectral type
54- 55 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
57- 58 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
60- 65 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
67 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
68- 69 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
71- 72 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
74- 78 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
80- 84 F5.3 mag Hmag [2.6/8.4] H-band magnitude
86- 90 F5.3 mag Ksmag [2.6/8.4] Ks-band magnitude
92- 97 F6.3 mag Vmag [2.2/14.5] V-band magnitude (2)
98 A1 --- r_Vmag [S] S: magnitude from SIMBAD (2)
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Note (1): Not listed as part of the main Galactic O Star Catalog (GOSC),
but known runaway within our magnitude limits.
[GOSC: Sota et al. 2008RMxAC..33...56S 2008RMxAC..33...56S; see also
http://www-int.stsci.edu/~jmaiz/GOSmain.html]
Note (2): Magnitudes with only two decimals are taken from SIMBAD.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[56].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Target name
15- 21 A7 --- Pair Pair components
23- 26 A4 --- Inst Instrument (PIO=VLTI/PIONIER, SAM=VLT-NACO/SAM,
or NACO=VLT-Nasmyth/CONICA for table 6)
28- 36 F9.4 yr Epoch1 [2011/2015] First epoch observation
(in Besselian years)
38- 46 F9.4 yr Epoch2 [2011/2015]? Second epoch observation
(in Besselian years)
48- 53 F6.2 deg theta [0/630] Position angle of pair θ
55- 59 F5.2 deg e_theta [0.02/82] theta uncertainty
61- 66 F6.2 mas rho [0.3/252] Projected separation of pair ρ
68- 72 F5.2 mas e_rho [0.02/28] rho uncertainty
74- 78 F5.2 mag DHmag [-4.1/8]? H-band magnitude difference between
the two companions
79 A1 --- f_DHmag [f] fixed DHmag
81- 84 F4.2 mag e_DHmag [0.01/2.5]? DHmag uncertainty
86- 90 F5.2 mag DKsmag [-4/8.3]? Ks-band magnitude difference (1)
92- 95 F4.2 mag e_DKsmag [0.01/2]? DKsmag uncertainty (1)
97-100 F4.2 mag DL'mag [1.3/4.2]? L'-band magnitude difference
(only for table 5) (1)
102-105 F4.2 mag e_DL'mag [0.1/2.5]? DL'mag uncertainty (1)
107-111 F5.3 --- Pspur [0/1]? Probability of spurious detection
(only for table 6) (2)
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Note (1): Not used for the PIONIER detections.
Note (2): Pspur=Nobj*(ρ/r)2 (see section 4.1).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-Jan-2015