J/ApJS/216/10 DUSTiNGS. I. The Good Source Catalog (Boyer+, 2015)
An infrared census of dust in nearby galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS).
I. Overview.
Boyer M.L., McQuinn K.B.W., Barmby P., Bonanos A.Z., Gehrz R.D.,
Gordon K.D., Groenewegen M.A.T., Lagadec E., Lennon D., Marengo M.,
Meixner M., Skillman E., Sloan G.C., Sonneborn G., van Loon J.TH.,
Zijlstra A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 216, 10 (2015)>
=2015ApJS..216...10B 2015ApJS..216...10B
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: photometry; galaxies: stellar content;
infrared: stars; Local Group; stars: AGB and post-AGB;
stars: mass-loss; stars: winds, outflows
Abstract:
Nearby resolved dwarf galaxies provide excellent opportunities for
studying the dust-producing late stages of stellar evolution over a
wide range of metallicity (-2.7≲[Fe/H]≲-1.0). Here, we describe
DUSTiNGS (DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer): a 3.6 and 4.5µm
post-cryogen Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of 50 dwarf
galaxies within 1.5Mpc that is designed to identify dust-producing
asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and massive stars. The survey
includes 37 dwarf spheroidal, 8 dwarf irregular, and 5 transition-type
galaxies. This near-complete sample allows for the building of
statistics on these rare phases of stellar evolution over the full
metallicity range. The photometry is >75% complete at the tip of the
red giant branch for all targeted galaxies, with the exception of the
crowded inner regions of IC 10, NGC 185, and NGC 147. This photometric
depth ensures that the majority of the dust-producing stars, including
the thermally pulsing AGB stars, are detected in each galaxy. The
images map each galaxy to at least twice the half-light radius to
ensure that the entire evolved star population is included and to
facilitate the statistical subtraction of background and foreground
contamination, which is severe at these wavelengths. In this overview,
we describe the survey, the data products, and preliminary results. We
show evidence for the presence of dust-producing AGB stars in eight of
the targeted galaxies, with metallicities as low as [Fe/H]=-1.9,
suggesting that dust production occurs even at low metallicity.
Description:
The DUSTiNGS (DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer) survey includes
uniform 3.6 and 4.5um Spitzer/IRAC imaging of 50 nearby galaxies (see
table 1) between 2011 Jun 19 and 2012 Jun 23 (see table 2).
The final Vega magnitudes of the high-quality point sources are
reported in the DUSTiNGS "Good"-Source Catalog (GSC), which is
described in Table 5 (see section 5).
A full point source catalog is available at:
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/DUSTiNGS/
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 123 50 Adopted target parameters
table2.dat 84 50 Data and observations
dustgsc.dat 236 599248 Good Source Catalog (GSC)
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)
J/A+A/566/A44 : gr photometry of Sextans A and Sextans B (Bellazzini+, 2014)
J/ApJ/778/15 : SAGE-SMC III. Young stellar objects (Sewilo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/756/79 : Opt. photometry in 3 Local Group dwarf galaxies (Sand+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC (Boyer+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/88 : Segue 3 photometric and kinematic data (Fadely+, 2011)
J/ApJS/193/23 : Fundamental stellar parameters in 47 Tucanae (McDonald+, 2011)
J/AJ/140/416 : IR photometry of massive stars in the SMC (Bonanos+, 2010)
J/ApJ/712/1259 : LCID project. II. Variables in IC1613 (Bernard+, 2010)
J/A+A/506/1277 : Magellanic Cloud C/O stars modelisation (Groenewegen+, 2009)
J/ApJ/697/1993 : Spitzer study of AGB stars. III. (Boyer+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/4810 : LMC-SAGE AGB star candidates (Srinivasan+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/3139 : LMC SAGE. New variable evolved stars and YSOs (Vijh+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/385/1045 : JHKsIc photom. of AGB in Phoenix dwarf gal. (Menzies+, 2008)
J/ApJ/664/850 : Spitzer observations of stars in M33 (McQuinn+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/376/313 : Carbon star in Magellanic Cloud (Groenewegen+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/212 : S3MC IRAC and MIPS photometry (Bolatto+, 2007)
J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)
J/A+A/448/181 : IR colours of AGB and post-AGB stars (Groenewegen+, 2006)
J/A+AS/97/729 : JHKL'M obs. of O-Rich late-type star (Le Bertre 1993)
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/DUSTiNGS/ : NASA/IRSA DUSTiNGS access
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Type Galaxy type (1)
6- 16 A11 --- Gal Galaxy name
18 A1 --- f_Gal [a] possible star cluster (2)
20- 21 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
31 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
32- 33 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
35- 36 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
41- 45 F5.2 mag (m-M)0 [16.1/25.7] Distance modulus
47- 50 F4.2 mag E_(m-M)0 [0.03/0.4] Positive error on (m-M)0
52- 55 F4.2 mag e_(m-M)0 [0.03/0.5] Negative error on (m-M)0
57- 61 F5.1 mag VMag [-15.2/-0] Absolute V-band magnitude (MV)
63- 65 F3.1 mag E_VMag [0.1/1.3] Positive error on VMag
67- 69 F3.1 mag e_VMag [0.1/1.3] Negative error on VMag
71- 74 F4.2 [-] Ab(O) [7.3/8.2]? Oxygen abundance 12+log(O/H)
76- 79 F4.2 [-] e_Ab(O) [0.05/0.3]? Oxygen abundance uncertainty
81- 85 F5.2 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-2.8/-1.1] Metallicity
87- 90 F4.2 [Sun] E_[Fe/H] [0.04/0.4]? Positive error on [Fe/H]
92- 95 F4.2 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] [0.04/0.4]? Negative error on [Fe/H]
97-101 F5.2 arcmin rh [0.47/16] Half-light radius (rh)
103-106 F4.2 arcmin E_rh [0.03/1.8]? Positive error on rh
108-111 F4.2 arcmin e_rh [0.03/1.4]? Negative error on rh
113-123 A11 --- Ref Reference(s) (3)
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Note (1): Type as follows:
dSph = dwarf spheroidal (37 galaxies)
dIrr = dwarf irregular (8 galaxies)
dTr = Transition dwarf (dTrans or dIrr/dSph; 5 galaxies)
Note (2):
a = Segue 3 is likely a stellar cluster (e.g., Belokurov et al.
2010ApJ...712L.103B 2010ApJ...712L.103B).
Note (3): Most values from McConnachie (2012, J/AJ/144/4, and references
therein). Code reference as follows:
1 = McConnachie, 2012, J/AJ/144/4
2 = Watkins et al. 2013MNRAS.430..971W 2013MNRAS.430..971W
3 = Mateo 1998ARA&A..36..435M 1998ARA&A..36..435M
4 = Martin et al. 2009ApJ...705..758M 2009ApJ...705..758M
5 = Chapman et al. 2013MNRAS.430...37C 2013MNRAS.430...37C
6 = Fadely et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/88
7 = Sand et al. 2012, J/ApJ/756/79
8 = Lee et al. 2006ApJ...647..970L 2006ApJ...647..970L
9 = Tammann et al. 2011A&A...531A.134T 2011A&A...531A.134T
10 = Kim et al. 2009ApJ...703..816K 2009ApJ...703..816K
11 = Bernard et al. 2010, J/ApJ/712/1259
12 = Bellazzini et al. 2014, J/A+A/566/A44
13 = Pimbblet & Couch 2012MNRAS.419.1153P 2012MNRAS.419.1153P
14 = Miller et al. 2001ApJ...562..713M 2001ApJ...562..713M
15 = Menzies et al. 2008, J/MNRAS/385/1045
16 = McConnachie et al. 2005MNRAS.356..979M 2005MNRAS.356..979M
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Gal Galaxy name
13- 16 I4 s Exp [60/1080] Total exposure time per pixel (4)
18- 20 F3.1 uJy Det [1.6/9.1] 5σ sensitivity (4)
22- 24 F3.1 arcmin Size [1.6/9.1] Map size (5)
26- 33 I8 --- AOR1 Spitzer/IRAC Astronomical Observation
Request (AOR) key for epoch 1
35- 45 A11 "YYYY/MMM/DD" Date1 UTC observation date for epoch 1
47- 54 I8 --- AOR2 Spitzer/IRAC Astronomical Observation
Request (AOR) key for epoch 2
56- 66 A11 "YYYY/MMM/DD" Date2 UTC observation date for epoch 2
68- 72 F5.1 d Sep [126/240] Separation of epochs in days
74- 78 I5 --- Ns [598/48057] Total number of reliable
point sources (6)
80- 84 F5.1 arcmin2 Cov [70.6/356.3] Coverage (7)
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Note (4): The reported total exposure time per pixel and sensitivity are that
of the combined epochs 1 and 2.
Note (5): Map size is the number of frames on each axis. A single IRAC frame
is 5.2'x5.2'.
Note (6): Total number of reliable point sources (Section 4) within the spatial
coverage listed in the last column.
Note (7): Total coverage in arcmin2 that is included at all epochs and all
wavelengths (e.g., marked by the thick black line in Figure 2).
This is smaller than the map size, which is the coverage at a single
wavelength/epoch. This is the total coverage within which we can
identify variable star candidates (Paper II; Boyer et al. 2015,
J/ApJ/800/51). Galaxies with identical map sizes have slightly
different total coverages owing to the rotation between the two epochs.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: dustgsc.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Gal Galaxy name
16- 21 I6 --- Seq [18/255870] Point-source ID number (unique
within one Galaxy)
23- 30 A8 --- --- [SSTDUSTG]
32- 50 A19 --- SSTDUSTG IAU designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
52- 62 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
64- 74 F11.7 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
76- 77 I2 h RAh Hour of declination (J2000)
79- 80 I2 min RAm Minute of declination (J2000)
82- 86 F5.2 s RAs Second of declination (J2000)
88 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
89- 90 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
92- 93 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
95- 98 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
100-104 F5.2 mag [3.6] [9.8/21.4]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude,
combined epochs
106-109 F4.2 mag e_[3.6] [0.02/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [3.6]
111-115 F5.2 mag [3.6]1 [9.8/21.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude,
epoch 1
117-120 F4.2 mag e_[3.6]1 [0.02/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [3.6]1
122-126 F5.2 mag [3.6]2 [9.9/21.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um magnitude,
epoch 2
128-131 F4.2 mag e_[3.6]2 [0.02/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [3.6]2
133-137 F5.2 mag [4.5] [9.4/21]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitude,
combined epochs
139-142 F4.2 mag e_[4.5] [0.02/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [4.5]
144-148 F5.2 mag [4.5]1 [9.8/20.6]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitude,
epoch 1
150-153 F4.2 mag e_[4.5]1 [0.03/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [4.5]1
155-159 F5.2 mag [4.5]2 [9.4/20.6]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um magnitude,
epoch 2
161-164 F4.2 mag e_[4.5]2 [0.03/0.3]? 1σ uncertainty in [4.5]2
166-170 F5.2 --- sh3.6 [-1/0.8]? 3.6um sharpness, combined epochs (1)
172-176 F5.2 --- sh3.6e1 [-1/0.8]? 3.6µm sharpness, epoch 1 (1)
178-182 F5.2 --- sh3.6e2 [-1/0.8]? 3.6µm sharpness, epoch 2 (1)
184-188 F5.2 --- sh4.5 [-1.2/1]? 4.5um sharpness, combined epochs (1)
190-194 F5.2 --- sh4.5e1 [-1/1]? 4.5µm sharpness, epoch 1 (1)
196-200 F5.2 --- sh4.5e2 [-1/1]? 4.5µm sharpness, epoch 2 (1)
202-206 F5.2 --- x3.6 [0/15]? 3.6um χ value, combined epochs (1)
208-212 F5.2 --- x3.6e1 [0/13]? 3.6µm χ value, epoch 1 (1)
214-218 F5.2 --- x3.6e2 [0/17]? 3.6µm χ value, epoch 2 (1)
220-224 F5.2 --- x4.5 [0/12]? 4.5um χ value, combined epochs (1)
226-230 F5.2 --- x4.5e1 [0/12]? 4.5µm χ value, epoch 1 (1)
232-236 F5.2 --- x4.5e2 [0/18]? 4.5µm χ value, epoch 2 (1)
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Note (1): DAOphot parameters:
* the sharpness is close to zero for isolated stars;
significantly negative for bad pixels and cosmic rays;
significantly positive for blended or non-stellar objects.
* the χ parameter is close to 1 for good point sources
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
Good Source Catalog downloaded at:
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/DUSTiNGS/
References:
Boyer et al. Paper II. 2015ApJ...800...51B 2015ApJ...800...51B Cat. J/ApJ/800/51
Boyer et al. Paper IV. 2017ApJ...851..152B 2017ApJ...851..152B Cat. J/ApJ/851/152
Goldman et al. Paper V. 2019ApJ...877...49G 2019ApJ...877...49G Cat. J/ApJ/877/49
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Jul-2015