J/ApJS/220/9 CfAIR2: NIR light curves of Type Ia SNe (Friedman+, 2015)
CfAIR2: near-infrared light curves of 94 Type Ia supernovae.
Friedman A.S., Wood-Vasey W.M., Marion G.H., Challis P., Mandel K.S.,
Bloom J.S., Modjaz M., Narayan G., Hicken M., Foley R.J., Klein C.R.,
Starr D.L., Morgan A., Rest A., Blake C.H., Miller A.A., Falco E.E.,
Wyatt W.F., Mink J., Skrutskie M.F., Kirshner R.P.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 220, 9 (2015)>
=2015ApJS..220....9F 2015ApJS..220....9F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; Supernovae ; Redshifts ; Spectral types
Keywords: cosmology: observations; distance scale; infrared: stars;
supernovae: general; techniques: image processing;
techniques: photometric
Abstract:
CfAIR2 is a large, homogeneously reduced set of near-infrared (NIR)
light curves (LCs) for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the
1.3m Peters Automated InfraRed Imaging TELescope. This data set
includes 4637 measurements of 94 SNe Ia and 4 additional SNe Iax
observed from 2005 to 2011 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on
Mount Hopkins, Arizona. CfAIR2 includes JHKs photometric measurements
for 88 normal and 6 spectroscopically peculiar SN Ia in the nearby
universe, with a median redshift of z∼0.021 for the normal SN Ia.
CfAIR2 data span the range from -13 days to +127 days from B-band
maximum. More than half of the LCs begin before the time of maximum,
and the coverage typically contains ∼13-18 epochs of observation,
depending on the filter. We present extensive tests that verify the
fidelity of the CfAIR2 data pipeline, including comparison to the
excellent data of the Carnegie Supernova Project. CfAIR2 contributes
to a firm local anchor for SN cosmology studies in the NIR. Because SN
Ia are more nearly standard candles in the NIR and are less vulnerable
to the vexing problems of extinction by dust, CfAIR2 will help the SN
cosmology community develop more precise and accurate extragalactic
distance probes to improve our knowledge of cosmological parameters,
including dark energy and its potential time variation.
Description:
Out of 121 total SN Ia and SN Iax observed from 2005 to 2011 by
PAIRITEL, 23 are not included in CfAIR2. CfAIR2 includes improved
photometry for 20 of 21 objects from WV08 (Wood-Vasey+, 2008,
J/ApJ/689/377).
Dedicated in October 2004, PAIRITEL uses the 2MASS northern telescope
together with the 2MASS southern camera. PAIRITEL is a fully automated
robotic telescope (see section 2.3).
CfAIR2 followed up SN discovered by optical searches at
δ≳30° with V≲18mag, with significant discovery
contributions from both amateur and professional astronomers (see
Tables 1 and 2). SN candidates with a favorable observation window and
airmass <2.5 from Mount Hopkins were considered for the PAIRITEL
observation queue. From 2005 to 2011, ∼20-30 SN per year were
discovered that were bright enough to observe with the PAIRITEL 1.3m,
with ∼3-6 available on any given night from Mount Hopkins.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 214 94 General properties of 94 PAIRITEL SN Ia
table2.dat 152 4 General properties of 4 PAIRITEL SN Iax
table3.dat 41 213 SN Ia and SN Iax with published NIR photometry
table5.dat 178 4675 PAIRITEL JHKs photometry of 2MASS standard
stars in SN Ia fields
table8.dat 82 4637 PAIRITEL CfAIR2 JHKs photometry
table9.dat 128 88 JHKs light curve properties for 88
spectroscopically normal PAIRITEL CfAIR2 SN Ia
refs.dat 100 261 References
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See also:
J/MNRAS/448/1345 : YJK for Type Ia supernovae (Dhawan+, 2015)
J/ApJS/213/19 : Optical and near-IR light curves of 64 SNe (Bianco+, 2014)
J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of the SDSS-II & SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/99 : Spectroscopy of stripped core-collapse SNe (Modjaz+, 2014)
J/ApJ/770/107 : Host galaxies of SNIa from SNfactory (Childress+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/88 : SDSS-II SNe Ia cosmological analysis (Campbell+, 2013)
J/ApJS/200/12 : CfA4: light curves for 94 type Ia SNe (Hicken+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/126 : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby Type Ia SNe (Blondin+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/156 : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)
J/ApJ/731/120 : Intrinsic SN Ia light curves (Mandel+, 2011)
J/ApJ/730/119 : HST/WFC3 obs. of Cepheids in SN Ia hosts (Riess+, 2011)
J/ApJS/192/1 : Light-curve parameters from the SNLS (Conley+, 2011)
J/ApJ/716/712 : HST light curves of six SNe and Union2 (Amanullah+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A7 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae in SNLS (Guy+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/418 : Light curves for 165 SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/519 : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)
J/ApJS/185/32 : First-year SDSS-II SN results (Kessler+, 2009)
J/ApJ/702/226 : Swift/UVOT panchromatic obs. of SN 2008D (Modjaz+, 2009)
J/ApJ/700/1097 : Light curve parameters of SN Ia (Hicken+, 2009)
J/ApJ/700/331 : Light curves of type Ia supernovae (CfA3) (Hicken+, 2009)
J/A+A/500/L17 : Spectral flux ratio of SN Ia (Bailey+, 2009)
J/ApJ/689/377 : PAIRITEL SNe Ia as NIR standard candles (Wood-Vasey+, 2008)
J/AJ/135/1598 : Optical spectroscopy of type Ia supernovae (Matheson+, 2008)
J/ApJS/175/191 : Variables from 2MASS calibration fields (Plavchan+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/384/107 : VRIJHK photometry of SN 2002cv (Elias-Rosa+, 2008)
J/ApJ/666/674 : ESSENCE supernova survey (Miknaitis+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/377/1531 : Opt. + infrared photometry of SN 2004eo (Pastorello+, 2007)
J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/403 : Light curve of 11 type Ia supernovae (Garg+, 2007)
J/ApJ/645/488 : SN type Ia luminosities (Wang+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/373/781 : JHK photometry of faint standard stars (Leggett+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/527 : UBVRI light curves of 44 type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2006)
J/AJ/130/2453 : 9 high-redshift ESSENCE supernovae (Krisciunas+, 2005)
J/A+A/437/789 : Restframe I-band light curves of SN Ia (Nobili+, 2005)
J/A+A/428/555 : UBVRIJHKs photometry of 2000cx (Sollerman+, 2004)
J/ApJ/594/1 : High-z supernovae VRI mag and distances (Tonry+, 2003)
http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html : IAU list of SNe
http://snfactory.lbl.gov/ : Nearby Supernova Factory home page
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/OldRecentSN.html : SNe classified
by the CfA SN group
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- SN Supernova identifier
17- 25 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)
27- 35 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)
37- 66 A30 --- Host Host galaxy identifier (2)
68- 81 A14 --- Morph NED Host galaxy morphology; -999 if unknown
83- 90 F8.6 --- z [0.002/0.08] Heliocentric redshift
92- 99 F8.6 --- e_z [0/0.006] The 1σ uncertainty in z
101-131 A31 --- n_z Reference for z (G1)
133-160 A28 --- n_Dis Reference for Dis (G2)
162-179 A18 --- Dis Discoverer(s) (2)
181-209 A29 --- r_Type Reference for spectroscopic type
211-214 A4 --- Type SN spectroscopic type (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The best fit SN centroids appropriate for forced DoPHOT photometry
at fixed coordinates.
Note (2): From NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
(NED; http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/) and NASA/ADS
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html). Also see IAUC List
of Supernovae: http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html
For SN Ia with non-standard IAUC names, we found the associated host
galaxy from IAUC/CBET/ATel notices or the literature and searched for
the recession velocity with NED. When the SN Ia is associated with a
faint host not named in any major catalogs (NGC, UGC, ...) but named
in a large galaxy survey (e.g., SDSS, 2MASS), we include the host
name from the large survey rather than "Anonymous".
Note (3): Uncertain spectroscopic types are denoted with a question mark (?)
Ia = spectroscopically normal SN Ia.
Iap = Spectroscopically peculiar SN Ia: including 91bg-like
and 06gz-like objects.
SN 2011de = classified as normal Ia in 2011CBET.2728....1N 2011CBET.2728....1N
But NIR LC morphology is consistent with a slow declining object
(e.g., SN 2009dc-like).
We classify it as Ia-pec.;
SN 2011aa = classified as SN 1998aq-like normal Ia in 2011CBET.2653....1P 2011CBET.2653....1P. But
Brown et al. 2014ApJ...787...29B 2014ApJ...787...29B identified it as a
Super Chandrasekhar mass candidate, and NIR LC morphology is
consistent with a slow declining object (e.g., SN 2009dc-like).
We classify it as Ia-pec.
SN 2010iw = classified as SN 2000cx-like, peculiar Ia in 2010CBET.2511....1M 2010CBET.2511....1M.
But the NIR LC has the double peaked morphology of normal Ia.
We classify it as a normal Ia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- SN Supernova identifier
10- 18 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)
20- 27 F8.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) (1)
29- 37 A9 --- Host Host galaxy identifier (2)
39- 45 A7 --- Morph NED Host galaxy morphology; -999 if unknown
47- 54 F8.6 --- z [0.004/0.031] Heliocentric redshift
56- 63 F8.6 --- e_z The 1σ uncertainty in z
65- 95 A31 --- n_z Reference for z (G1)
97-114 A18 --- n_Dis Reference for Dis (2)
116-128 A13 --- Dis Discoverer(s) (G2)
130-148 A19 --- r_Type Reference for Type (see refs.dat file)
150-152 A3 --- Type SN spectroscopic type (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The best fit SN centroids appropriate for forced DoPHOT photometry
at fixed coordinates.
Note (2): From NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
(NED; http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/) and NASA/ADS
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html). Also see IAUC List
of Supernovae: http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html.
For SN Ia with non-standard IAUC names, we found the associated host
galaxy from IAUC/CBET/ATel notices or the literature and searched for
the recession velocity with NED. When the SN Ia is associated with a
faint host not named in any major catalogs (NGC, UGC, ...) but named
in a large galaxy survey (e.g., SDSS, 2MASS), we include the host
name from the large survey rather than "Anonymous".
Note (3):
Iax = Foley et al. (2013ApJ...767...57F 2013ApJ...767...57F).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- SN Supernova identifier
17- 20 A4 --- Type SN spectroscopic type (1)
22- 41 A20 --- Ref NIR photometry reference (see refs.dat file) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Spectroscopic type references for CfAIR2 objects are in Tables 1-2,
and in the references below for non-CfAIR2 objects with NIR
photometry. SN with uncertain spectral types (SN 2011de, SN 2011aa,
SN 2010iw) are denoted by a question mark (?) (see Table 1 caption).
Ia = Normal SN Ia including 91T-like, 86G-like, and spectroscopically
normal objects;
Iap = Peculiar SN Ia including 91bg-like objects and extra-luminous,
slow declining 06gz-like objects (Hicken et al. 2007);
Iax = SN Iax including 02cx-like objects distinct from peculiar SN Ia
(Li et al. 2003PASP..115..453L 2003PASP..115..453L; Foley et al. 2013ApJ...767...57F 2013ApJ...767...57F).
Note (2): References for objects with at least 1 band of YJHKs photometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- SN Supernova identifier (1)
17- 18 I2 --- Star [1/92] 2MASS Star ID Number (StarID)
20- 21 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 30 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
32 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
36- 37 I2 arcmin DEm Arcmin of Declination (J2000)
39- 43 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsec of Declination (J2000)
45- 46 I2 --- o_Jmag [5/68]?=-9 Number of images used to obtain
PAIRITEL J band mag, Jmag (JptlNum) (2)
48- 57 F10.3 mag Jmag [11/17.9]?=-99999 Weighted mean
PAIRITEL J band mag (Jptlmag) (3)
59- 67 F9.3 mag e_Jmag [0.001/0.05]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Jmag (4)
69- 78 F10.3 mag Jmag2 [11/17.8]?=-99999 2MASS catalog J band mag (5)
80- 88 F9.3 mag e_Jmag2 [0.01/0.3]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Jmag2 (5)
90- 91 I2 --- o_Hmag [5/67]?=-9 Number of images used to obtain
PAIRITEL H band mag, Hmag (HptlNum) (2)
93-102 F10.3 mag Hmag [10.2/17.2]?=-99999 Weighted mean PAIRITEL
H band mag (Hptlmag) (3)
104-112 F9.3 mag e_Hmag [0.001/0.04]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Hmag (4)
114-123 F10.3 mag Hmag2 [10.2/16.9]?=-99999 2MASS catalog H band mag (5)
125-133 F9.3 mag e_Hmag2 [0.01/0.4]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Hmag2 (5)
135-136 I2 --- o_Kmag [5/67]?=-9 Number of images used to obtain
PAIRITEL K band mag, Kmag (KptlNum) (2)
138-147 F10.3 mag Kmag [10/16.8]?=-99999 Weighted mean PAIRITEL
K band mag (Kptlmag) (3)
149-157 F9.3 mag e_Kmag [0.001/0.05]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Kmag (4)
159-168 F10.3 mag Kmag2 [10/16.5]?=-99999 2MASS catalog K band mag (5)
170-178 F9.3 mag e_Kmag2 [0.01/0.4]?=-9999 The 1σ error in Kmag2 (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Tables provided for 118 out of 121 SN Ia fields observed by PAIRITEL
from 2005-2011. Missing catalogs for SN2008fv, SN2008hs, SN2011ay.
Note (2): With 2MASS Star = StarID.
Note (3): Computed from N_X measurements (X=J,H,K) of 2MASS Star = StarID.
Note (4): PAIRITEL magnitude uncertainty of 2MASS Star = StarID is
computed as the error on the weighted mean of the N_X
measurements (X=J,H,K), each of which have already been
corrected for DoPHOT uncertainty estimates as described in
Section 4.1.2 and Figure 12. (see Section 7.3 of Figure 12).
The 2MASS uncertainties are from the 2MASS point source
catalog (Cutri et al. 2003, II/246).
Note (5): For 2MASS Star = StarID from 2MASS Point Source Catalog
(Cutri+, 2003, II/246).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- SN Supernova identification
17- 19 A3 --- Type Spectroscopic Type
21- 28 A8 --- Tel Telescope used in observation; PAIRITEL 1.3-m
30- 32 A3 --- Band 2MASS filter used in observation: J, H, or K_s
34- 42 A9 "YYYYMMMDD" Date Date of the Observation
44- 51 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian date
53- 61 F9.3 ct F25 [61/77193] Flux normalized to 25 magnitudes (1)
63- 71 F9.3 ct e_F25 [2/11818] Uncertainty in F25 (2)
73- 77 F5.2 mag mag [12.7/20.6] Observed magnitude in Band
79- 82 F4.2 mag e_mag [0/0.4] The 1σ uncertainty in mag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): JHKs mag = -2.5log10(F25)+25mag.
Note (2): Symmetric 1σ error on F25, computed as the error weighted
standard deviation of the flux measurements for each host galaxy
subtraction on a given night, weighted by photometric errors
corrected for DoPHOT underestimates. See Table 6 and Appendix A.
Magnitude Uncertainty =[-2.5log10(F25-eF25)+2.5log10(F25+eF25)]/2.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- SN Supernova identifier
17- 24 F8.2 d tBmax Modified Julian Date of B band maximum (1)
26- 30 F5.2 d e_tBmax Uncertainty in tBmax
32- 50 A19 --- ORef Optical LC reference (see refs.dat file)
52- 58 F7.5 --- zCMB [0.003/0.06] Redshift converted to CMB frame (2)
60- 66 F7.5 --- e_zCMB [0.0008/0.002] Uncertainty in zCMB
68- 76 F9.3 --- Delta [-0.4/1]?=-9999 The Δ parameter (3)
78- 86 F9.3 --- e_Delta [0.02/0.4]?=-9999 Uncertainty in Delta
88- 92 F5.2 mag Jmag [12.9/18.9] J band magnitude (4)
94- 97 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.4] The 1σ uncertainty in Jmag
99-103 F5.2 mag Hmag [12.7/18.4] H band magnitude (4)
105-108 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.4] The 1σ uncertainty in Hmag
110-114 F5.2 mag Kmag [12.8/17.9] Ks band magnitude (4)
116-119 F4.2 mag e_Kmag [0/0.4] The 1σ uncertainty in Kmag
121-122 I2 --- o_Jmag [2/46] Number of J band epochs (5)
124-125 I2 --- o_Hmag [2/45] Number of H band epochs (5)
127-128 I2 --- o_Kmag [1/45] Number of K_s band epochs (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): From MLCS2k2.v007 (Jha et al. 2007, J/ApJ/659/122) fits to B-band LCs
from the CfA or the literature, where available.
tBmax fits from the literature are used for SN 2008fv
(Biscardi et al. 2012A&A...537A..57B 2012A&A...537A..57B), PS1-10w (Rest et al.
2014ApJ...795...44R 2014ApJ...795...44R).
For objects with no optical data or bad MLCS fits with reduced
χ2>3, tBmax is estimated from any or all of: the MJD of the
brightest point (rounded to the nearest day), optical spectra in
listed CBET/IAUC/ATEL notices, and cross checked with fitted phases
of NIR LC features, where possible (see F12:
Friedman 2012PhDT........42F 2012PhDT........42F). This applies to all SN
in Table 9 with tBmax and error rounded to the nearest day, with most
assuming a ±2-3day uncertainty. Of these we observed SN 2009fw,
SN 2010ew, SN 2010ex, and SN 2010jv at the CfA but do not have
successfully reduced optical LCs for these objects, which are marked
CfA? and may or may not be included in CfA5. 2 objects, SN 2006E,
SN 2006mq were discovered several weeks after maximum and have only
late time optical data, and only rough tBmax estimates from optical
spectra (these assume a ±10day uncertainty). Other objects
with tBmax from early optical data but with only late time NIR data
where the first PAIRITEL observation is at a phase >20 days
after tBmax include SN 2007qe, SN 2009ig, SN 2009im.
Note (2): With apex vectors from Fixsen et al. 1996ApJ...473..576F 1996ApJ...473..576F (see NED:
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/help/velc help.html). Redshifts have not
been corrected with any galactic flow models. Heliocentric redshifts
(and references) and galactic coordinates are in Tables 1-2.
Note (3): From MLCS2k2.v007 (Jha et al. 2007, J/ApJ/659/122) fits to optical
data from the CfA and/or the literature, where available. Only fits
with reduced χ2<3 are included. The following objects were not
run through MLCS2k2: PS1-10w (PanSTARRS1: tBmax from SALT fit in
Rest et al. 2014ApJ...795...44R 2014ApJ...795...44R), SN 2008fv (tBmax in
Biscardi et al. 2012A&A...537A..57B 2012A&A...537A..57B).
PTF10icb (Parrent et al. 2011ApJ...732...30P 2011ApJ...732...30P, PTF) have unpublished
optical data;
PTF10bjs (PTF) has unpublished data and is in CfA4, but only in the
r' i' natural system and not standard system magnitudes
(Hicken et al. 2009, J/ApJ/700/331); SN 2006E (Bryngelson G.
2012PhDT.......170B 2012PhDT.......170B) and SN 2006mq (CfA3) have only late time optical
data.
Note (4): At the brightest LC point (This is not necessarily the JHKs
magnitude at the first NIR maximum or at tBmax).
Note (5): With SNR>3 in the lightcurve.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Ref Reference code
11- 29 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
31- 53 A23 --- Aut Author's name(s)
55-100 A46 --- Comm Comment
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Global notes:
Note (G1):
-NEDHostGalaxy_Name = NED Host galaxy name;
-NED21-cmorOptSmallest_Error = NED 21-cm or optical with smallest
uncertainty;
-CfAOpticalSpectrum = CfA optical spectrum with FAST spectrograph on
Tillinghast 1.5-m telescope;
-PanSTARRS1; Rest et al. 2014ApJ...795...44R 2014ApJ...795...44R
-Childress et al. 2013 (J/ApJ/770/107). For SN 2008fr, the NED redshift
incorrectly lists the redshift of SN 2008fs (see 2008CBET.1513....1Y 2008CBET.1513....1Y).
Heliocentric redshifts have not been corrected for any local flow models.
Note (G2): Discovery References/URLs:
LOSS = Lick Observatory Supernova Search (see Li et al.
2000AIPC..522..103L 2000AIPC..522..103L; Filippenko 2005ASPC..332...33F 2005ASPC..332...33F, and
references therein);
Tenagra II = (http://www.tenagraobservatories.com/Discoveries.htm);
ROTSE-III = (Quimby 2006PhDT........13Q 2006PhDT........13Q);
POSS = Puckett Observatory Supernova Search
(http://www.cometwatch.com/search.html);
BRASS = (http://brass.astrodatabase.net);
SDSS-II = Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (Frieman et al. 2008AJ....135..338F 2008AJ....135..338F);
CSS = Catalina Sky Survey (http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/);
SNF = Nearby Supernova Factory (http://snfactory.lbl.gov/);
CHASE = CHilean Automatic Supernova sEarch
(http://www.das.uchile.cl/proyectoCHASE/);
CRTS = Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (http://crts.caltech.edu/);
Itagaki = (http://www.k-itagaki.jp/);
Boles = Coddenham Astronomical Observatory, U.K.
(http://www.coddenhamobservatories.org/);
CROSS = (http://wwww.cortinasetelle.it/snindex.htm);
LSSS = La Sagra Sky Survey (http://www.minorplanets.org/OLS/LSSS.html);
PASS = Perth Automated Supernova Search
(http://www.perthobservatory.wa.gov.au/research/spps.html);
Williams 1997);
PIKA = Comet and Asteroid Search Program
(http://www.observatorij.org/Pika.html);
PanSTARRS1 = (http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/);
THCA = Supernova Survey
(http://www.thca.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/index.php/TUNAS).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Oct-2015