J/ApJS/224/12 Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)
Planetary candidates observed by Kepler
VII. The first fully uniform catalog based on the entire 48-month data set
(Q1-Q17 DR24).
Coughlin J.L., Mullally F., Thompson S.E., Rowe J.F., Burke C.J.,
Latham D.W., Batalha N.M., Ofir A., Quarles B.L., Henze C.E., Wolfgang A.,
Caldwell D.A., Bryson S.T., Shporer A., Catanzarite J., Akeson R.,
Barclay T., Borucki W.J., Boyajian T.S., Campbell J.R., Christiansen J.L.,
Girouard F.R., Haas M.R., Howell S.B., Huber D., Jenkins J.M., Li J.,
Patil-Sabale A., Quintana E.V., Ramirez S., Seader S., Smith J.C.,
Tenenbaum P., Twicken J.D., Zamudio K.A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 224, 12 (2016)>
=2016ApJS..224...12C 2016ApJS..224...12C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Planets ; Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, diameters ;
Effective temperatures ; Binaries, eclipsing ; Surveys
Mission_Name: Kepler
Keywords: catalogs; planetary systems; planets and satellites: detection;
stars: statistics; surveys; techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present the seventh Kepler planet candidate (PC) catalog, which is
the first catalog to be based on the entire, uniformly processed
48-month Kepler data set. This is the first fully automated catalog,
employing robotic vetting procedures to uniformly evaluate every
periodic signal detected by the Q1-Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) Kepler
pipeline. While we prioritize uniform vetting over the absolute
correctness of individual objects, we find that our robotic vetting is
overall comparable to, and in most cases superior to, the human
vetting procedures employed by past catalogs. This catalog is the
first to utilize artificial transit injection to evaluate the
performance of our vetting procedures and to quantify potential
biases, which are essential for accurate computation of planetary
occurrence rates. With respect to the cumulative Kepler Object of
Interest (KOI) catalog, we designate 1478 new KOIs, of which 402 are
dispositioned as PCs. Also, 237 KOIs dispositioned as false positives
(FPs) in previous Kepler catalogs have their disposition changed to PC
and 118 PCs have their disposition changed to FPs. This brings the
total number of known KOIs to 8826 and PCs to 4696. We compare the
Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI catalog to previous KOI catalogs, as well as
ancillary Kepler catalogs, finding good agreement between them. We
highlight new PCs that are both potentially rocky and potentially in
the habitable zone of their host stars, many of which orbit solar-type
stars. This work represents significant progress in accurately
determining the fraction of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone
of Sun-like stars.
Description:
This catalog is based on Kepler's 24th data release (DR24), which
includes the processing of all data utilizing version 9.2 of the
Kepler pipeline (Jenkins et al. 2010ApJ...724.1108J 2010ApJ...724.1108J). This marks the
first time that all of the Kepler mission data have been processed
consistently with the same version of the Kepler pipeline. Over a
period of 48 months (2009 May 13 to 2013 May 11), subdivided into 17
quarters (Q1-Q17), a total of 198646 targets were observed.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 8 1033 Contact eclipsing binaries excluded from the Q1-Q17
DR24 Kepler pipeline transit search
table2.dat 89 1910 The 1910 Q1-Q17 DR24 threshold crossing events (TCEs)
identified as false positive (FPs) due to ephemeris
matches
table3.dat 343 20367 Robovetter input parameters for the 20367
Q1-Q17 DR24 TCEs
table5.dat 335 20367 Robovetter dispositions, major flags, and KOI numbers
for the same 20367 Q1-Q17 DR24 TCEs
table6.dat 484 42264 Injected TCEs, Robovetter dispositions, and
significant parameters
table7.dat 78 55 Small planet candidates potentially in the habitable
zone in the Q1-Q17 DR24 catalog (Rp<2.0R⊕
and Sp<2.0S⊕)
flags.dat 781 37 Robovetter Mnemoic flag explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJ/812/46 : Transit metric for Q1-Q17 Kepler candidates (Thompson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/95 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies. II. 2011 data (Christiansen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOI stars (Burke+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habitable planets around M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/18 : Potential transit signals in Kepler Q1-Q17 (Seader+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)
J/ApJS/213/5 : Cool KOIs. VI. H- and K- band spectra (Muirhead+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/119 : Sources in the Kepler field of view (Coughlin+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)
J/ApJS/207/35 : Kepler pipeline signal-to-noise studies (Christiansen+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/127 : Q1-11 Kepler light curve of KIC 4862625 (Schwamb+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/42 : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/113 : Kepler TTVs. II. Confirmed multiplanet systems (Ford+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing obs. (Steffen+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/39 : Analysis of hot Jupiters in Kepler Q2 (Coughlin+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. eclipsing binaries (Slawson+, 2011)
J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)
J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/83 : Eclipsing binaries in Kepler first data release (Prsa+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/78 : Low-mass eclipsing binaries in KIC (Coughlin+, 2011)
J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/AJ/135/850 : Properties of eclipsing binaries found in TrES (Devor+, 2008)
J/AcA/54/207 : Ephemerids of eclipsing binaries (Kreiner, 2004)
http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/ : MAST Kepler home page
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archive home page
http://keplerebs.villanova.edu/ : online Kepler eclipsing binary catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog ID
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file:table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC TCE Kepler Identifier, Child
10- 11 I2 --- P [1/8] TCE Planet Number, Child
13- 28 A16 --- Parent Matched Parent identifier (1)
30- 33 A4 --- Prat Period ratio between child and parent
35- 41 F7.1 arcsec Dist [0.1/41462]? Distance between child and parent
43- 46 I4 pix dRow ? Pixel (Row) offset between child and parent
48- 51 I4 pix dCol ? Pixel (Column) offset between child and parent
53- 58 F6.3 mag Kpmag [0/19.4]? Parent Kepler magnitude
60- 64 F5.2 mag dmag [-8/16.4]? Magnitude difference between
the child and parent
66- 75 E10.5 --- Drat [0.01/623300]? Depth ratio of the child and
parent
77- 87 A11 --- Cont Contamination Mechanism
89 I1 --- Flag [0/2] Unique Matching Flag (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Parent names are listed, in priority order when available, by (1)
their Bayer designation (e.g., RR-Lyr-pri), (2) their EBWG designation
(e.g., 002305372-pri), (3) their KOI number (e.g., 3735.01), and (4) their
TCE number (e.g., 002437452-01). A suffix of "pri" in the parent name
indicates the object is an EB known from the ground, and the child TCE
matches to its primary. A suffix of "sec" indicates the child TCE
matches the secondary of a ground-based EB.
Note (2): Unique Matching Flag as follows:
1 = indicates the TCE is a bastard, which are cases where two or more TCEs
match each other via the Direct-PRF contamination mechanism, but
neither can physically be the parent of the other via their magnitudes,
depths, and distances, and thus the true parent has not been identified.
2 = indicates cases of column anomalies that occur on different outputs of
the same module. These cases likely involve cross-talk to carry the
signal from one output to another. TCEs due to the common systematic
do not have information listed for a parent source, as they are not
caused by a single parent.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC TCE Kepler Identifier
10- 11 I2 --- P [1/8] TCE Planet Number
13- 22 F10.6 d Period [0.4/727] Period of TCE in days (1)
24- 33 F10.6 d Epoch [131.5/655.1] Epoch of TCE in Barycentric
Kepler Julian Date (1)
35- 40 F6.3 h Dur [0.5/77] Duration of TCE in hours (1)
42- 50 E9.3 --- SES-max Maximum Single Event Statistic (SES) of TCE
52- 60 E9.3 --- MES Multiple Event Statistic (MES) of TCE
62- 70 E9.3 --- LPP-DV [0/0.07] LPP metric value for TCE computed
using the DV detrending
72- 80 E9.3 --- LPP-ALT [0/0.4] LPP metric value for TCE computed
using the ALT detrending
82- 91 E10.3 --- Marshall ?=1.000e+99 Marshall metric value for TCE
93-101 E9.3 --- S-oe-dv [0/33] Robovetter odd-even Statistic
computed using the DV detrending
103-111 E9.3 --- S-oe-alt [0/142] Robovetter odd-even Statistic
computed using the ALT detrending
113-121 E9.3 --- S-pri-dv [0/60390] Significance of primary event (2)
123-131 E9.3 --- S-sec-dv Significance of secondary event (2)
133-141 E9.3 --- S-ter-dv Significance of tertiary event (2)
143-151 E9.3 --- S-pos-dv [0/1033] Significance of positive event (2)
153-161 E9.3 --- F-red-dv [0/292] Ratio of red noise to white noise (2)
163-171 E9.3 --- S-fa1-dv [0/6.1] False alarm threshold when examining
all TCEs (2)
173-181 E9.3 --- S-fa2-dv False alarm threshold when individual TCE (2)
183-191 E9.3 --- S-pri-alt [0/256500] Significance of primary event (3)
193-201 E9.3 --- S-sec-alt Significance of secondary event (3)
203-211 E9.3 --- S-ter-alt Significance of tertiary event (3)
213-221 E9.3 --- S-pos-alt [0/12680] Significance of positive event (3)
223-231 E9.3 --- F-red-alt [0/4320] Ratio of red noise to white noise (3)
233-241 E9.3 --- S-fa1-alt [0/6.5] False alarm threshold when examining
all TCEs (3)
243-251 E9.3 --- S-fa2-alt False alarm threshold when individual TCE (3)
253-261 E9.3 Rgeo Rp [-286/3460] Radius of inferred planet
as computed by the Kepler pipeline
263-271 E9.3 --- A-dv Albedo of inferred planet (4)
273-281 E9.3 --- D-pri-dv Depth of primary event (5)
283-291 E9.3 --- D-sec-dv [0/1] Depth of secondary event (5)
293-301 E9.3 --- Ph-sec-dv Phase of secondary event (5)
303-311 E9.3 --- A-alt Albedo of inferred planet (6)
313-321 E9.3 --- D-pri-alt Depth of primary event (7)
323-331 E9.3 --- D-sec-alt [0/44.6] Depth of secondary event (7)
333-341 E9.3 --- Ph-sec-alt Phase of secondary event (7)
343 I1 --- D [0/1] Disposition flag (8)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): As identified by the Kepler pipeline
Note (2): Computed via the model-shift test using the DV detrending
Note (3): Computed via the model-shift test using the ALT detrending
Note (4): As computed by the robovetter, using the DV detrending
Note (5): As computed by the model-shift test, using the DV detrending
Note (6): As computed by the robovetter, using the ALT detrending
Note (7): As computed by the model-shift test, using the ALT detrending
Note (8): Given by the robovetter centroid module
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC TCE Kepler Identifier
10- 11 I2 --- P [1/8] TCE Planet Number
13- 19 A7 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest
21- 22 A2 --- Disp Robovetter Disposition (PC=planet candidate;
FP=false positive)
24 I1 --- NFlag [0/1] Not Transit-Like Robovetter flag
26 I1 --- SFlag [0/1] Significant Secondary Robovetter flag
28 I1 --- CFlag [0/1] Centroid Offset Robovetter flag
30 I1 --- EFlag [0/1] Ephemeris Match Robovetter flag
32-335 A304 --- Note Mnemonic Robovetter flags (9)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (9): Mnemonic flags are described in Appendix B, Robovetter Mnemoic Flags;
see flags.dat file.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC TCE Kepler Input Catalog ID
10- 11 A2 --- Disp Robovetter Disposition (1)
13 I1 --- NFlag [0/1] Not Transit-Like Robovetter flag
15 I1 --- SFlag [0/1] Significant Secondary Robovetter flag
17 I1 --- CFlag [0/1] Centroid Offset Robovetter flag
19 I1 --- EFlag [0] Ephemeris Match Robovetter flag
21- 22 I2 --- Sky [1/84] Skygroup ID of TCE
24- 31 F8.4 d injPer [0.5/500] Period of injected planet, days
33- 42 F10.4 d injEpoch Epoch of injected planet, Barycentric
Kepler Julian Date
44- 48 I5 ppm injDepth Depth of injected planet, parts per million
50- 54 F5.2 h injDur [0.5/34.3] Duration of injected planet, hours
56- 61 F6.4 --- inj-b Impact parameter of injected planet
63- 68 F6.4 --- inj-Rp/Rs [0.002/0.2] Radius ratio of injected planet
70- 76 F7.3 Rsun inj-a/Rs [1/912.4] Semi-major axis of injected planet,
expressed in units of stellar radius
78 I1 --- Fi [0/1] Whether or not injected planet was
injected with 1: an offset relative
to target or 0: not
80- 85 F6.4 arcsec Dist [0/9] Distance from target at which planet was
injected, if injOffsetflag≡1 (inj-Off-dist)
87- 94 F8.4 --- MESexp Expected Multiple Event Statistic (MES)
value of injected planet
96-101 F6.3 Rgeo Rp1 [0.1/17] Radius of inferred planet,
in Earth radii (2)
103-107 F5.3 Rsun Rs [0.1/6.3] Radius of host star,
in solar radii (3)
109-113 I5 K Teff [2661/12583] Effective temperature of
host star (3)
115-121 F7.5 AU a Semi-major axis of inferred planet's orbit (2)
123-130 F8.6 --- Rp/Rs Radius ratio of inferred planet to star (2)
132-138 F7.2 --- a/Rs [1/1441] Semi-major axis of inferred planet,
expressed in units of stellar radius (2)
140-144 F5.1 --- SNR-DV Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of
inferred planet (2)
146-149 I4 K Teq Equilibrium temperature of inferred planet (2)
151-160 F10.6 d Period [0.5/500] Period of TCE (4)
162-171 F10.6 d Epoch [131.5/613.1] Epoch of TCE, Barycentric
Kepler Julian Date (4)
173-178 F6.3 h Dur [0.6/39.1] Duration of TCE in hours (4)
180-188 E9.3 --- SES-max Maximum Single Event Statistic (SES) of TCE
190-198 E9.3 --- MES [7/622] Multiple Event Statistic (MES) of TCE
200-208 E9.3 --- LPP-DV [0/0.01] LPP metric value for TCE (5)
210-218 E9.3 --- LPP-ALT [0/9] LPP metric value for TCE (6)
220-229 E10.3 --- Marshall ?=1.0e+99 Marshall metric value for TCE
231-239 E9.3 --- S-oe-dv [0/177] Rbovetter odd-even Statistic (5)
241-249 E9.3 --- S-oe-alt [0/51] Robovetter odd-even Statistic (6)
251-259 E9.3 --- S-pri-dv [0/1167] Significance of primary event (7)
261-269 E9.3 --- S-sec-dv Significance of secondary event (7)
271-279 E9.3 --- S-ter-dv Significance of tertiary event (7)
281-289 E9.3 --- S-pos-dv [0/71] Significance of positive event (7)
291-299 E9.3 --- F-red-dv [0/13] Ratio of red noise to white noise (7)
301-309 E9.3 --- S-fa1-dv [0/5.8] False alarm threshold when
examining all TCEs (7)
311-319 E9.3 --- S-fa2-dv False alarm threshold when individual TCE (7)
321-329 E9.3 --- S-pri-alt [0/1453] Significance of primary event (8)
331-339 E9.3 --- S-sec-alt Significance of secondary event (8)
341-349 E9.3 --- S-ter-alt Significance of tertiary event (8)
351-359 E9.3 --- S-pos-alt [0/294] Significance of positive event (8)
361-369 E9.3 --- F-red-alt [0/95.2] Ratio of red noise to white noise (8)
371-379 E9.3 --- S-fa1-alt [0/6] False alarm threshold when
examining all TCEs (8)
381-389 E9.3 --- S-fa2-alt False alarm threshold when individual TCE (8)
391-398 E8.3 Rgeo Rp2 [0/18] Radius of inferred planet (2)
400-408 E9.3 --- A-dv [0/360600] Albedo of inferred planet (9)
410-418 E9.3 --- D-pri-dv [0/0.03] Depth of primary event (10)
420-428 E9.3 --- D-sec-dv Depth of secondary event (10)
430-438 E9.3 --- Ph-sec-dv Phase of secondary event (10)
440-448 E9.3 --- A-alt Albedo of inferred planet (11)
450-458 E9.3 --- D-pri-alt [0/0.06] Depth of primary event (12)
460-468 E9.3 --- D-sec-alt Depth of secondary event (12)
470-478 E9.3 --- Ph-sec-alt Phase of secondary event (12)
480-484 I5 --- Cent-Disp [0/32772] Disposition flag (13)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Robovetter Dispositions --
PC = Planet Candidate;
FP = False Positive.
Note (2): As computed by Kepler pipeline
Note (3): As utilized by Kepler pipeline
Note (4): As identified by Kepler pipeline
Note (5): Computed using DV detrending
Note (6): Computed using ALT detrending
Note (7): Computed via model-shift test using DV detrending
Note (8): Computed via model-shift test using ALT detrending
Note (9): As computed by robovetter, using DV detrending
Note (10): As computed by model-shift test, using DV detrending
Note (11): As computed by robovetter, using ALT detrending
Note (12): As computed by model-shift test, using ALT detrending
Note (13): Given by the robovetter centroid module
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file:table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest
9 A1 --- f_KOI Object Flag (1)
11- 14 F4.1 --- SNR [8/72.1] KOI Signal to Noise
16- 19 F4.2 Rgeo Rp1 [0.5/2] Catalog Planet Radius relative to Earth
21- 24 F4.2 Earth S1 [0.07/2] Catalog Planet Insolation Flux
relative to Earth
26- 29 I4 K Teff1 [2703/6553] Catalog Stellar Effective Temperature
31- 34 F4.2 Rsun R1 [0.1/1.2] Catalog Stellar Radius
36- 46 A11 --- Name Confirmed Kepler Planet Name
48- 51 F4.2 Rgeo Rp2 [1.1/2.8]? Confirmed Planet Radius
relative to Earth
53- 56 F4.2 Earth S2 [0.2/3]? Confirmed Planet Insolation Flux
relative to Earth
58- 61 I4 K Teff2 [3740/5757]? Confirmed Stellar Effective
Temperature
63- 66 F4.2 Rsun R2 [0.4/1.2]? Confirmed Stellar Radius
68- 78 A11 --- r_Name Reference for Confirmed Values (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Object modeling flag as follows:
a = Known to be a false positive via manual inspection;
b = Modeled at twice the true orbital period;
c = Likely to be a FP due to low-amplitude systematics given detailed
manual vetting of the PDC light curves.
Note (2): References as follows:
Barclay2013 = Barclay et al. (2013Natur.494..452B 2013Natur.494..452B)
Barclay2015 = Barclay et al. (2015ApJ...809....7B 2015ApJ...809....7B)
Borucki2013 = Borucki et al. (2013Sci...340..587B 2013Sci...340..587B)
Jenkins2015 = Jenkins et al. (2015AJ....150...56J 2015AJ....150...56J)
Rowe2014 = Rowe et al. 2014, J/ApJ/784/45
Torres2015 = Torres et al. (2015ApJ...800...99T 2015ApJ...800...99T)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: flags.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 52 A52 --- Flag Flag name
53 A1 --- --- [:]
54-781 A728 --- Note Flag explanation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Borucki et al. Paper I. 2011ApJ...728..117B 2011ApJ...728..117B Cat. J/ApJ/728/117
Borucki et al. Paper II. 2011ApJ...736...19B 2011ApJ...736...19B Cat. J/ApJ/736/19
Batalha et al. Paper III. 2013ApJS..204...24B 2013ApJS..204...24B Cat. J/ApJS/204/24
Burke et al. Paper IV. 2014ApJS..210...19B 2014ApJS..210...19B Cat. J/ApJS/210/19
Rowe et al. Paper V. 2015ApJS..217...16R 2015ApJS..217...16R Cat. J/ApJS/217/16
Mullally et al. Paper VI. 2015ApJS..217...31M 2015ApJS..217...31M Cat. J/ApJS/217/31
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 04-Jul-2016