J/ApJS/225/9 Kepler TTVs. IX. The full long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)
Transit timing observations from Kepler.
IX. Catalog of the full long-cadence data set.
Holczer T., Mazeh T., Nachmani G., Jontof-Hutter D., Ford E.B.,
Fabrycky D., Ragozzine D., Kane M., Steffen J.H.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 225, 9-9 (2016)>
=2016ApJS..225....9H 2016ApJS..225....9H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Planets
Keywords: planets and satellites: detection; techniques: miscellaneous
techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present a new transit timing catalog of 2599 Kepler Objects of
Interest (KOIs), using the PDC-MAP long-cadence light curves that
include the full 17 quarters of the mission
(ftp://wise-ftp.tau.ac.il/pub/tauttv/TTV/ver_112). The goal is to
produce an easy-to-use catalog that can stimulate further analyses of
interesting systems. For 779 KOIs with high enough S/N, we derived the
timing, duration, and depth of 69914 transits. For 1820 KOIs with
lower SNR, we derived only the timing of 225273 transits. After
removal of outlier timings, we derived various statistics for each KOI
that were used to indicate significant variations. Including systems
found by previous works, we have detected 260 KOIs that showed
significant TTVs with long-term variations (>100 days), and another 14
KOIs with periodic modulations shorter than 100 days and small
amplitudes. For five of those, the periodicity is probably due to the
crossing of rotating stellar spots by the transiting planets.
Description:
The Kepler mission in its original mode of operation has been
terminated after 17 quarters (May 2009-Apr 2013), and we do not expect
any additional Kepler TTVs for the KOIs identified during the original
mission. Thus, here we analyze the whole data set of the mission and
derive a complete catalog of the transit timings. Following the
approach of Mazeh et al. (2013, J/ApJS/208/16), we present here an
analysis of 2599 KOIs (from the NASA exoplanet archive), based on all
17 quarters of the Kepler data.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 79 2599 KOI transits: linear ephemerides, duration and depth
table3.dat 96 295187 TTV, duration (TDV) and depth (TPV) changes of
the transits of 2599 KOIs
table4.dat 71 2339 Statistical parameters of the O-Cs series
table5.dat 81 266 KOIs with significant long-term TTV
table6.dat 31 199 Corrected periods for KOIs with periodic fits
table8.dat 89 59 KOI multies
refs.dat 69 44 References
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
J/ApJ/807/170 : Prograde vs retrogade motions. II. KOIs (Holczer+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/3 : Rotation periods for Q3-Q14 KOIs (Mazeh+, 2015)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/4 : Properties of Kepler multi-planet cand. systems (Wang+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/25 : TTVs for 15 planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)
J/ApJS/208/22 : Transit timing variation for 12 planetary pairs (Xie, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/ApJ/756/186 : TTVs from Kepler. VI. Statistical tests (Steffen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/756/185 : Kepler TTVs. V. Metrics catalog (Ford+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/113 : Kepler TTVs. II. Confirmed multiplanet systems (Ford+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing obs. (Steffen+, 2012)
J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate mult. transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archive
http://keplerebs.villanova.edu/ : Kepler eclipsing binary online catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/5970.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 19 F11.6 d T0 Time of corrected transit center; BJD-2454900
21- 28 F8.6 d e_T0 [0/10]?=9.999999 Uncertainty in T0
30- 41 F12.8 d Per [0.5/299] Average interval between transits
43- 52 F10.8 d e_Per [0/10]?=9.999999 Uncertainty in Period
54- 60 F7.4 h Dur [1/84.1] Transit Duration; t4-t1
62- 66 I5 ppm Depth [27/97317] Transit Depth (in units of
out of transit intensity)
68- 73 F6.1 --- SNR [1/2016] Median single-transit signal-to-Noise
75- 79 F5.2 --- SRatio [0.4/33.6] Scatter ratio of the residuals inside
to outside the transit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/5970.01] Kepler Object Identifier
9- 12 I4 --- N [0/2503] Transit number
14- 24 F11.6 d tn Expected Barycentric Julian Date
of mid-transit; BJD-2454900
26- 35 F10.4 min O-C [-1440/2710] The O-C time difference
37- 43 E7.1 min e_O-C [0/64000] Uncertainty in O-C
45 A1 --- f_O-C [*] Flag on O-C (1)
47- 56 E10.3 --- TDV [-6.9/]?=9.999 Fractional duration variation (2)
58- 66 E9.3 --- e_TDV Uncertainty in TDV (3)
68 A1 --- f_TDV [*] Flag on TDV (1)
70- 79 E10.3 --- TPV Fractional depth variation (3)
81- 89 E9.3 --- e_TPV Uncertainty in TDV (3)
91 A1 --- f_TPV [*] Flag on TPV (1)
93- 94 I2 --- Out [0/62] Outlier flag (4)
96 I1 --- Over [0/1] Overlap flag (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1):
* = we could not derive an uncertainty thus we used the median of the
uncertainties instead.
Note (2): equal to the (duration of transit - average)/average.
Note (3): A 9.999e+00 indicates a fixed duration and depth.
Note (4): The sum of:
0 = not an outlier,
1 = no-variation p-value >0.025,
2 = local TTV,
4 = global TTV,
8 = global TDV,
16 = global TPV,
32 = TTV, TDV or TPV uncertainty outlier (see Section 2.4).
Note (5): Flag as follows:
0 = no overlapping,
1 = another relatively large interfering transit (>0.25 the "area" of the
transit) too close (expected time difference <2 transit durations +1
interfering transit duration).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/5968.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 14 F6.2 min sigTT [0.06/317] Median of TTV uncertainties
16- 22 F7.2 min S(O-C) [0.08/1153] Scatter (1)
24 A1 --- l_pval Limit flag on pval
25- 29 F5.1 --- pval [-16/0] Probability of obtaining the ratio value of
S(O-C) divided by sigTT at random.
31- 37 F7.2 d PSPer [1.5/1470.5] Peak period of TTV power spectrum
39- 43 F5.2 [-] PSPk [-9.6/0.02] Log peak height (2)
45 A1 --- l_p.PS Limit flag on p.PS
46- 49 F4.1 [-] p.PS [-4/0] Log probability of obtaining the power
spectrum peak value at random
51- 56 F6.3 --- A [-1.3/93] Alarm of TTV
58 A1 --- l_p.A Limit flag on p.A
59- 62 F4.1 [-] p.A [-4/0] Log probability of obtaining Alarm value
at random
64 I1 --- d.F [1/3] Best fitted polynomial degree under F test
66 A1 --- l_p.F Limit flag on p.F
67- 71 F5.1 [-] p.F [-16/0] Log probability of obtaining F value
at random
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): 1.4826 times the median absolute deviation of TTV from its median.
Note (2): Of the TTV power spectrum - sum of the squared coefficients.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [12.01/5866.01] KOI number
9- 14 F6.2 d Per [0.9/285]? Orbital period
16- 18 A3 --- Model Model type (1)
20- 26 F7.2 d Per2 [110/2480]? Best-fit period of the O-C data
using model "Cos"
28- 33 F6.2 d e_Per2 [0.08/370]? Period uncertainty
35 A1 --- u_Amp [~] Uncertainty flag on Amp
36- 43 F8.3 min Amp The amplitude of the cosine fit
45- 52 F8.3 min e_Amp [0.04/1400]? Amp uncertainty
54- 59 F6.2 min Res [0.05/190] Residual scatter
(1.483 times their MAD)
61- 64 I4 --- N [4/1384]? Number of TT measurements
66 I1 --- Mult [1/6]? Number of detected planets in the
system (see B12)
68- 75 A8 --- Ref References (see refs.dat file)
77- 81 A5 --- Kepler Kepler number
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Note (1): Model type as follows:
Cos = cosine superimposed on a linear trend
Pol = parabolic fit
Left blank if no fit.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [12.01/5866.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 19 F11.7 d Per Period
21- 31 F11.9 d e_Per Uncertainty in Per
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOIi [137.01/2672.02] Inner KOI number
9- 15 F7.2 --- KOIo [137.02/2672.01] Outer KOI number
17- 24 F8.4 d Per1 [4.6/134.5] Orbital period of the inner
planet (P1)
26- 33 F8.4 d Per2 [7/284.1] Orbital period of the outer
planet (P2)
35- 40 F6.4 --- delta [0.0001/0.07] Normalized distance to resonance (1)
42- 44 A3 --- Res Resonance type (j.j-1)
46- 49 I4 d PTTV1 [183/1516]? The TTV period of the inner planet
(found by modeling the data)
51- 53 I3 d e_PTTV1 ? PTTV1 uncertainty
54 A1 --- f_PTTV2 [j] j: The second strongest TTV period
56- 59 I4 d PTTV2 [139/1690]? The TTV period of the outer planet
(found by modeling the data)
61- 63 I3 d e_PTTV2 [0/100]? PTTV2 uncertainty
65- 69 I5 d Perj [81/60000] The TTV super-period infered from the
orbital periods (2)
71- 85 A15 --- Ref References
87- 89 I3 --- Kepler [9/396]? Kepler parent number
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Normalized distance to resonance defined as:
Δ=(P2/P1)((j-1)/j)-1 (Lithwick et al. 2012ApJ...761..122L 2012ApJ...761..122L).
Note (2): The TTV super-period infered from the orbital periods:
Pj=1/|j/P2-(j-1)/P1|.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
25- 47 A23 --- Auth First author's name
49- 69 A21 --- Comm Comment (Vizier catalog reference)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ford et al. Paper I. 2011ApJS..197....2F 2011ApJS..197....2F Cat. J/ApJS/197/2
Ford et al. Paper II. 2012ApJ...750..113F 2012ApJ...750..113F Cat. J/ApJ/750/113
Steffen et al. Paper III. 2012MNRAS.421.2342S 2012MNRAS.421.2342S Cat. J/MNRAS/421/2342
Fabrycky et al. Paper IV. 2012ApJ...750..114F 2012ApJ...750..114F Cat. J/ApJ/750/114
Ford et al. Paper V. 2012ApJ...756..185F 2012ApJ...756..185F
Steffen et al. Paper VI. 2012ApJ...756..186S 2012ApJ...756..186S
Steffen et al. Paper VII. 2013MNRAS.428.1077S 2013MNRAS.428.1077S
Mazeh et al. Paper VIII. 2013ApJS..208...16M 2013ApJS..208...16M Cat. J/ApJS/208/16
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Oct-2016