J/ApJS/227/11 PS1 z>5.6 quasars follow-up (Banados+, 2016)
The Pan-STARRS1 distant z > 5.6 quasar survey: more than 100 quasars within
the first Gyr of the Universe.
Banados E., Venemans B.P., Decarli R., Farina E.P., Mazzucchelli C.,
Walter F., Fan X., Stern D., Schlafly E., Chambers K.C., Rix H.-W.,
Jiang L., McGreer I., Simcoe R., Wang F., Yang J., Morganson E.,
De Rosa G., Greiner J., Balokovic M., Burgett W.S., Cooper T., Draper P.W.,
Flewelling H., Hodapp K.W., Jun H.D., Kaiser N., Kudritzki R.-P.,
Magnier E.A., Metcalfe N., Miller D., Schindler J.-T., Tonry J.L.,
Wainscoat R.J., Waters C., Yang Q.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 227, 11-11 (2016)>
=2016ApJS..227...11B 2016ApJS..227...11B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: QSOs ; Redshifts ; Spectroscopy ; Photometry, infrared ;
Photometry, ugriz ; Reddening ; Surveys
Keywords: cosmology: observations; quasars: emission lines; quasars: general
Abstract:
Luminous quasars at z>5.6 can be studied in detail with the current
generation of telescopes and provide us with unique information on the
first gigayear of the universe. Thus far, these studies have been
statistically limited by the number of quasars known at these
redshifts. Such quasars are rare, and therefore, wide-field surveys
are required to identify them, and multiwavelength data are required
to separate them efficiently from their main contaminants, the far
more numerous cool dwarfs. In this paper, we update and extend the
selection for the z∼6 quasars presented in Banados+ (2014AJ....148...14B 2014AJ....148...14B)
using the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) survey. We present the PS1 distant quasar
sample, which currently consists of 124 quasars in the redshift range
5.6≲z≲6.7 that satisfy our selection criteria. Of these quasars, 77
have been discovered with PS1, and 63 of them are newly identified in
this paper. We present the composite spectra of the PS1 distant quasar
sample. This sample spans a factor of ∼20 in luminosity and shows a
variety of emission line properties. The number of quasars at z>5.6
presented in this work almost doubles the previously known quasars at
these redshifts, marking a transition phase from studies of individual
sources to statistical studies of the high-redshift quasar population,
which was impossible with earlier, smaller samples.
Description:
The photometric follow-up observations were carried out over different
observing runs and different instruments. We obtained optical and
near-infrared images with the MPG 2.2m/GROND, New Technology Telescope
(NTT)/EFOSC2, NTT/SofI, Calar Alto (CAHA) 3.5m/Omega2000, CAHA
2.2m/CAFOS21, MMT/SWIRC), and du Pont/Retrocam; see Table 1 for
details of the observations and filters used.
A spectroscopic campaign was carried out using several instruments at
different telescopes: EFOSC2 at the NTT telescope in La Silla, the
Focal Reducer / Low-Dispersion Spectrograph 2 (FORS2) at the Very
Large Telescope (VLT), the Folded-Port Infrared Echellette (FIRE)
spectrometer and the Low-Dispersion Survey Spectrograph (LDSS3) at the
Baade and Clay Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, the
Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) at the Keck I 10m Telescope
on Mauna Kea, the Double Spectrograph (DBSP) on the 200 inch (5m) Hale
Telescope at Palomar Observatory (P200), the Red-Channel Spectrograph
on the 6.5m MMT Telescope, the Cassegrain TWIN Spectrograph at the
3.5m Calar Alto Telescope (CAHA 3.5m), and the Multi-object Double
Spectrograph (MODS) and LUCI spectrograph at the Large Binocular
Telescope (LBT). The details of the spectroscopic observations of the
PS1-discovered quasars are shown in Table 5.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 90 45 Imaging observations of quasar candidates
table2.dat 184 61 Follow-up photometry of the PS1-discovered quasars
selected as i-dropouts with iP1-zP1<0.5
(5.7{~<}z{~<}6.2)
table3.dat 162 8 Follow-up photometry of the PS1-discovered quasars
selected as i-dropouts with iP1-zP1≥0.5
(6.2{~<}z{~<}6.5)
table4.dat 184 5 Follow-up photometry of the PS1-discovered quasars
that do not satisfy all our selection criteria
table5.dat 67 104 Spectroscopic observations of the new PS1 quasars
(77 unique sources)
table6.dat 78 960 PS1 distant quasar sample arithmetic median
composite spectra
table7.dat 104 173 All z>5.6 quasars known as of 2016 March
table8.dat 100 173 PS1, J band, and WISE photometry of the z>5.6
quasars known as of 2016 March
table9.dat 95 11 Candidates spectroscopically confirmed to not be
z>5.6 quasars
refs.dat 64 85 References
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See also:
B/eso : ESO Science Archive Catalog (ESO, 1991-2016)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
J/ApJ/819/24 : z>4.5 QSOs with SDSS and WISE. I. Opt. spectra (Wang+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A87 : Quasar composite made from bright QSOs (Selsing+, 2016)
J/ApJ/814/118 : L/T transition dwarfs search with PS1 + WISE. II. (Best+, 2015)
J/ApJ/805/122 : X-ray properties of PHL1811 analogs and WLQs (Luo+, 2015)
J/A+A/575/A31 : SED of QSOJ1120+064 (ULAS J112001.48+064124.3) (Barnett+, 2015)
J/ApJ/768/105 : z∼5 QSO luminosity function from SDSS Stripe82 (McGreer+, 2013)
J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)
J/ApJ/747/10 : X-ray and multiwavelength properties of 11 WLQs (Wu+, 2012)
J/ApJ/699/782 : High-redshift SDSS-DR5 QSOs (Diamond-Stanic+, 2009)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- Date UT date(s) of observation
22- 40 A19 --- Tel Telscope/Instrument
42- 81 A40 --- Filt Filter(s)
83- 90 A8 s Exp Exposure time
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[234].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- QSO Quasar identifier (Pddd+dd)
9- 12 F4.2 --- z [5.6/6.4] Redshift
14 A1 --- l_iGRONDmag 3σ upper limit flag on iGRONDmag
15- 19 F5.2 mag iGRONDmag [21.7/24]? MPG 2.2m/GROND i band AB magnitude
21- 24 F4.2 mag e_iGRONDmag [0.06/0.3]? Uncertainty in iGRONDmag
26 A1 --- l_zGRONDmag 3σ upper limit flag on zGRONDmag
27- 31 F5.2 mag zGRONDmag [19.3/22]? MPG 2.2m/GROND z band AB magnitude
33- 36 F4.2 mag e_zGRONDmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in zGRONDmag
38 A1 --- l_JGRONDmag 3σ upper limit flag on JGRONDmag
39- 43 F5.2 mag JGRONDmag [19/22]? MPG 2.2m/GROND J band AB magnitude
45- 48 F4.2 mag e_JGRONDmag [0.04/0.4]? Uncertainty in JGRONDmag
50 A1 --- l_HGRONDmag 3σ upper limit flag on HGRONDmag
51- 55 F5.2 mag HGRONDmag [18.4/21]? MPG 2.2m/GROND H band AB magnitude
57- 60 F4.2 mag e_HGRONDmag [0.04/0.4]? Uncertainty in HGRONDmag
62 A1 --- l_IEFOSCmag 3σ upper limit flag on IEFOSCmag
63- 67 F5.2 mag IEFOSCmag [20/23.8]? NTT/EFOSC I band AB magnitude
69- 72 F4.2 mag e_IEFOSCmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in IEFOSCmag
74- 78 F5.2 mag ZEFOSCmag [19/21.1]? NTT/EFOSC Z band AB magnitude
80- 83 F4.2 mag e_ZEFOSCmag [0.01/0.1]? Uncertainty in ZEFOSCmag
85- 89 F5.2 mag JSOFImag [20/21]? NTT/SofI J band AB magnitude
91- 94 F4.2 mag e_JSOFImag [0.05/0.2]? Uncertainty in JSOFImag
96 A1 --- l_iCAFOSmag 3σ upper limit flag on iCAFOSmag
97-101 F5.2 mag iCAFOSmag [22/24]? CAHA 2.2m/CAFOS i band AB magnitude
103-106 F4.2 mag e_iCAFOSmag [0.1/0.4]? Uncertainty in iCAFOSmag
108-112 F5.2 mag zOTKmag [19/21.7]? CAHA 3.5m/Omega2000 z band AB
magnitude
114-117 F4.2 mag e_zOTKmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in zOTKmag
119 A1 --- l_YOTKmag 3σ upper limit flag on YOTKmag
120-124 F5.2 mag YOTKmag [18.4/21]? CAHA 3.5m/Omega2000 Y band AB
magnitude
126-129 F4.2 mag e_YOTKmag [0.1/0.4]? Uncertainty in YOTKmag
131-135 F5.2 mag JOTKmag [19/21.4]? CAHA 3.5m/Omega2000 J band AB
magnitude
137-140 F4.2 mag e_JOTKmag [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in JOTKmag
142-146 F5.2 mag HOTKmag [19/20.5]? CAHA 3.5m/Omega2000 H band AB
magnitude
148-151 F4.2 mag e_HOTKmag [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in HOTKmag
153-157 F5.2 mag JSWIRCmag [20.44]? MMT/SWIRC J band AB magnitude
159-162 F4.2 mag e_JSWIRCmag [0.05]? Uncertainty in JSWIRCmag
164-168 F5.2 mag YRETROmag [19.6/21.3]? du Pont/RetroCam Y band AB
magnitude
170-173 F4.2 mag e_YRETROmag [0.04/0.2]? Uncertainty in YRETROmag
175-179 F5.2 mag JRETROmag [20/21.1]? du Pont/RetroCam J band AB
magnitude
181-184 F4.2 mag e_JRETROmag [0.09/0.2]? Uncertainty in JRETROmag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 21 A21 --- Name Quasar designation (PSO Jddd.dddd+dd.dddd)
23- 39 A17 --- Date UT date(s) of observation
41- 56 A16 --- Tel Telescope/Instrument
58- 62 I5 s Exp [300/12004] Exposure time
64- 67 F4.2 arcsec Slit [0.6/1.5] Slit width
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 F6.1 0.1nm lambda [1000/1479.5] Wavelength in Angstroms
8- 27 F20.18 -- Flux [0.008/2.6] Flux density PS1 composite spectrum
29- 31 I3 -- N [39/117] Number of quasars per wavelength bin
33- 55 F23.20 -- F(hlya) [-0.3/6.6] Flux density strong lya composite
spectrum
57- 78 F22.19 -- F(llya) [-0.6/1.5] Flux density weak lya composite
spectrum
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Quasar identifier (1)
25 A1 --- f_Name [defg] Flag on Name (2)
27- 40 F14.10 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
42- 57 F16.12 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
59- 64 F6.4 --- z [5.6/7.1] Quasar redshift
66 I1 --- n_z Method used to measure z (3)
68- 72 F5.2 mag 1450mag [17.6/24.4] Apparent magnitude at rest-frame
1450 Angstroms (4)
74- 79 F6.2 mag 1450Mag [-29.2/-22.4] Absolute magnitude at rest-frame
1450 Angstroms
81 I1 --- PS1 ? PS1 selection criteria (5)
83- 87 A5 --- Ref References for discovery (see refs.dat file)
89- 90 I2 --- r_z References for redshift (see refs.dat file)
92- 93 I2 --- r_1450mag References for 1450mag (see refs.dat file)
95-104 A10 --- QSO Quasar abbreviated name as in tables 2-4 and 8;
column added by CDS
(not to be used for designation)
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Note (1): IMS J2204+0012 is very likely a misprint for IMS J2204+0112;
corrected by CDS.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
d = CFHQS J0216-0455 (J0216-0455) could be a Seyfert galaxy
(see Willott et al. 2009AJ....137.3541W 2009AJ....137.3541W and the Appendix
of Willott et al. 2010AJ....140..546W 2010AJ....140..546W).
e = ELAIS1091000446 (J1603+5510) could be a Lyα emitter
(see Kashikawa et al. 2015ApJ...798...28K 2015ApJ...798...28K).
f = HSC J2236+0032 and HSC J2236+0032 have very uncertain redshifts
(see Matsuoka et al. 2016ApJ...828...26M 2016ApJ...828...26M).
g = HSC J1207-0005, HSC J2228+0128, and HSC J2232+0012 are classified
as "possible quasars" and they could be galaxies
(see Matsuoka et al. 2016ApJ...828...26M 2016ApJ...828...26M).
Note (3): Method as follows:
1 = [C II] or CO;
2 = Mg II;
3 = Other lines;
4 = Template fitting or Lyα.
The methods (1, 2, 3, 4) have typical redshift uncertainties smaller
than (0.002, 0.015, 0.03, 0.05), respectively. For details on individual
quasars, we refer the reader to the redshift references.
Note (4): As calculated as in Section 4.2. The exceptions are
ATLAS J025.6821-33.4627, ATLAS J029.9915-36.5658, ELAIS1091000446,
and SDSS J2228+0110. These quasars do not have yP1 or J magnitudes
available and the m1450 from their discovery papers are reported.
Note (5): Selection criteria as follows:
0 = None;
1 = Criteria of Section 2.1.1 with zP1-yP1<0.5;
2 = Criteria of Section 2.1.1 with zP1-yP1≥0.5;
3 = Criteria of Venemans et al. (2015ApJ...801L..11V 2015ApJ...801L..11V);
4 = Extended PS1 criteria.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- QSO Quasar identifier (Pddd+dd or JHHMM+DDMM)
12 A1 --- l_iP1mag 3σ upper limit flag on iP1mag
13- 17 F5.2 mag iP1mag [20.7/24.2]? Dereddened PS1 i band AB
magnitude (6)
19- 22 F4.2 mag e_iP1mag [0.04/0.4]? Uncertainty in iP1mag
24 A1 --- l_zP1mag 3σ upper limit flag on zp1mag
25- 29 F5.2 mag zP1mag [18.6/23]? Dereddened PS1 z band AB magnitude (6)
31- 34 F4.2 mag e_zP1mag [0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in zP1mag
36 A1 --- l_yP1mag 3σ upper limit flag on yp1mag
37- 41 F5.2 mag yP1mag [17.6/22]? Dereddened PS1 y band AB magnitude (6)
43- 46 F4.2 mag e_yP1mag [0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in yP1mag
48- 52 F5.2 mag W1mag [17/21.4]? WISE W1 (3.4um) band AB magnitude (7)
54- 57 F4.2 mag e_W1mag [0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in W1mag
59- 63 F5.2 mag W2mag [16.9/20.5]? WISE W2 (4.6um) band AB magnitude (7)
65- 68 F4.2 mag e_W2mag [0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in W2mag
70- 74 F5.2 mag W3mag [16.8/18.1]? WISE W3 (12um) band AB magnitude (7)
76- 79 F4.2 mag e_W3mag [0.2/0.4]? Uncertainty in W3mag
81 A1 --- l_Jmag 3σ upper limit flag on Jmag
82- 86 F5.2 mag Jmag [17.6/24.7]? J band AB magnitude (8)
88- 91 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in Jmag
93- 95 I3 --- r_Jmag ? Reference for Jmag (see refs.dat file)
97-100 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.01/0.3] Reddening
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Note (6): Reddened magnitudes can be obtained by adding λfxE(B-V)
with λf=(1.682,1.322,1.087) for (iP1,zP1,yP1),
see Schlafly & Finkbeiner (2011ApJ...737..103S 2011ApJ...737..103S).
Note (7): WISE magnitudes are reported when their measurements have S/N>3.
They are from ALLWISE source catalog when available. The magnitudes
of J0033-0125, J0109-3040, J0221-0802, J0227-0605, P055-00, P167-13,
P210-12, J1641+3755, J2053+0047, and P328-09 are taken from the
ALLWISE reject table. The magnitudes of P209-26, P215-16, and P217-16
are taken from the WISE All-Sky data release catalog.
Note (8): The UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS)a was not used for our selection
but here we provide the J band photometry for known quasars detected
in the catalog.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- QSO Candidate designation (Pddd+dd)
9- 10 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
12- 13 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
21 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
28- 31 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
33 A1 --- l_iP1mag Limit flag on iP1mag
34- 38 F5.2 mag iP1mag Dereddened PS1 i band AB magnitude
40- 43 F4.2 mag e_iP1mag [0.08/0.4]? iP1mag uncertainty
45 A1 --- l_zP1mag Limit flag on zP1mag
46- 50 F5.2 mag zP1mag Dereddened PS1 z band AB magnitude
52- 55 F4.2 mag e_zP1mag [0.01/0.1]? zP1mag uncertainty
57- 61 F5.2 mag yP1mag [19.2/21] Dereddened PS1 y band AB magnitude
63- 66 F4.2 mag e_yP1mag [0.03/0.2] zP1mag uncertainty
68- 72 F5.2 mag Ymag [19.4/20.6]? Y-band AB magnitude
74- 77 F4.2 mag e_Ymag [0.03/0.2]? Ymag uncertainty
79- 83 F5.2 mag Jmag [19/20.3]? J-band AB magnitude
85- 88 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.04/0.2]? Jmag uncertainty
90- 93 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.01/0.2] Reddening
95 I1 --- PS1 [1/3] PS1 criteria (1)
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Note (1): PS1 criteria as follows:
0 = None
1 = Criteria of Section 2.1.1 with zP1-yP1<0.5 (mostly M and L dwarfs)
2 = Criteria of Section 2.1.1 with zP1-yP1≥0.5
3 = Criteria of Venemans et al. (2015ApJ...801L..11V 2015ApJ...801L..11V)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
25- 45 A21 --- Auth First author's name
47- 64 A18 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Banados et al. Paper II. 2023ApJS..265...29B 2023ApJS..265...29B Cat. J/ApJS/265/29
Schindler et al. Paper III. 2023ApJ...943...67S 2023ApJ...943...67S
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Jan-2017