J/ApJS/227/18 Candidate stellar bowshock nebulae from MIR (Kobulnicky+, 2016)
A comprehensive search for stellar bowshock nebulae in the Milky Way: a catalog
of 709 mid-infrared selected candidates.
Kobulnicky H.A., Chick W.T., Schurhammer D.P., Andrews J.E., Povich M.S.,
Munari S.A., Olivier G.M., Sorber R.L., Wernke H.N., Dale D.A., Dixon D.M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 227, 18 (2016)>
=2016ApJS..227...18K 2016ApJS..227...18K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; Extinction ; Stars, early-type ;
Galactic plane
Keywords: dust, extinction; H II regions; stars: early-type;
stars: kinematics and dynamics; Stars: massive; surveys
Abstract:
We identify 709 arc-shaped mid-infrared nebula in 24um Spitzer Space
Telescope or 22um Wide Field Infrared Explorer surveys of the Galactic
Plane as probable dusty interstellar bowshocks powered by early-type
stars. About 20% are visible at 8um or at shorter mid-infrared
wavelengths. The vast majority (660) have no previous identification
in the literature. These extended infrared sources are strongly
concentrated near the Galactic mid-plane, with an angular scale height
of ∼0.6°. All host a symmetrically placed star implicated as the
source of a stellar wind sweeping up interstellar material. These are
candidate "runaway" stars potentially having high velocities in the
reference frame of the local medium. Among the 286 objects with
measured proper motions, we find an unambiguous excess with velocity
vectors aligned with the infrared morphology-kinematic evidence that
many of these are "runaway" stars with large peculiar motions
responsible for the bowshock signature. We discuss a population of "in
situ" bowshocks (∼103 objects) that face giant HII regions where the
relative motions between the star and ISM may be caused by bulk
outflows from an overpressured bubble. We also identify ∼58 objects
that face 8um bright-rimmed clouds and apparently constitute a
sub-class of in situ bowshocks where the stellar wind interacts with a
photoevaporative flow (PEF) from an eroding molecular cloud interface
(i.e., "PEF bowshocks"). Orientations of the acurate nebulae exhibit a
correlation over small angular scales, indicating that external
influences such as HII regions are responsible for producing some
bowshock nebulae. However, the vast majority of the nebulae in this
sample appear to be isolated (499 objects) from obvious external
influence
Description:
Our team conducted a visual examination of mid-infrared images from
SST and the WISE to locate bowshock nebula candidates. The SST data
included several wide-area surveys conducted using the Infrared Array
Camera (IRAC) in its 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um bandpasses, along with
24um data from the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS).
The SST beam size at these bands is 1.66, 1.72, 1.88, 1.98, and 6"
FWHM, respectively.
The WISE data include images at the 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22um bandpasses,
which have beam sizes of 6.1, 6.4, 6.5, and 12" FWHM, respectively.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 108 709 Central stars of bowshock nebula candidates
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/A+A/578/A45 : E-BOSS. II. Catalogue second release (Peri+, 2015)
J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/410/190 : Young runaway stars within 3kpc (Tetzlaff+, 2011)
J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq Running sequence number
5 A1 --- n_Seq [a] Note on Seq (column added by the CDS) (1)
7- 23 A17 --- Name Name (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)
25- 26 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 29 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
37 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
41- 42 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
44- 47 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (2)
49- 54 A6 --- Ref Citation for original discovery (3)
56- 71 A16 --- Alias Alternative name of stellar source
72- 73 A2 --- 8um Counterpart found in IRAC 8.0 micron images? (4)
75 A1 --- Unc Uncertain central stellar source? (5)
77- 82 F6.2 arcsec R0 [1/517] Angular separation between
central source and bowshock (6)
84- 86 I3 deg PA Position angle (6)
88- 92 F5.2 mag Hmag [1.9/16.6]? 2MASS H band magnitude
94- 98 F5.2 mag 4.5mag [-0.8/14]? GLIMPSE/WISE IRAC 4.5um/WISE 4.6um
band magnitude
100-105 F6.2 mag Ak [/5.4]?=-99 K-band extinction (7)
107-108 A2 --- Env Environment of Shock (8)
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Note (1): Note as follows:
a = This object was incorrectly identified in this paper (G286.0588-01.6633,
10 30 23.28 -59 49 53.2, TYC 8613-707-1). The correct star's coordinates
and name have been corrected by Kobulnicky et al. 2019, J/AJ/158/73 and
also in this Table by the CDS team.
Note (2): 06 34 23.56 +02 32 92.9 for G208.7297-02.6311 is a misprint for
06 34 23.56 +02 32 02.9; corrected by CDS.
Note (3): Reference as follows:
Pe15 = Peri et al. (2015, J/A+A/578/A45);
Pe12 = Peri et al. (2012A&A...538A.108P 2012A&A...538A.108P);
G11 = Gvaramadze et al. (2011A&A...535A..29G 2011A&A...535A..29G);
K10 = Kobulnicky et al. (2010ApJ...710..549K 2010ApJ...710..549K; <[KGK2010] NN> in Simbad);
P08 = Povich et al. (2008ApJ...689..242P 2008ApJ...689..242P; <[PBW2008] M17-SN> or
<[PBW2008] RCW 49-SN> in Simbad);
CP07 = Comeron & Pasquali (2007A&A...467L..23C 2007A&A...467L..23C);
N97 = Noriega-Crespo et al. (1997AJ....113..780N 1997AJ....113..780N);
V88 = van Buren & McCray (1988ApJ...329L..93V 1988ApJ...329L..93V);
GB08 = Gvaramadze & Bomans (2008A&A...490.1071G 2008A&A...490.1071G);
S15 = Sexton et al. (2015MNRAS.446.1047S 2015MNRAS.446.1047S; <[SPS2015] NN> in Simbad);
T = This work (661 instances).
Note (4): Single character designating whether the nebular object has an SST
IRAC 8.0 counterpart with a similar morphology ("Y"; 130 sources),
has no detection above background levels at this waveband (N), or
has no data from IRAC (-).
Note (5):
C = the probable central stellar source is uncertain owing to faintness or
to the presence of multiple stars of similar magnitude near the nebular
axis (115 sources).
In such cases we adopt the brightest point source nearest to the axis
of symmetry as the most probable star, but we urge caution with regard
to the certainty of this identification.
Note (6): The distance R0 from the putative central star to the apsis of the
candidate bowshock and the position angle (in degrees from N toward E)
of this vector in equatorial coordinates. These values were measured
by eye and carry typical uncertainties of 1.5" and 5°,
respectively.
Note (7): Estimation of the K-band extinction to each source, inferred using the
H-4.5 color and the Rayleigh-Jean Color Excess formulation of
Majewski et al. (2011ApJ...739...25M 2011ApJ...739...25M).
Note (8): Environment code as described in Section 2.2 as follows:
I = Isolated (499 instances);
FH = Directly facing large HII region within 10 arcminutes (103 instances);
FB = Directly facing bright rimmed cloud at 8.0 microns within
several arcminutes (58 instances);
H = Situated within a large HII region (49 instances).
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History:
* 03-Feb-2017 : From electronic version of the journal
* 27-Sep-2019 : In Table 1: correction of star's coordinates and name.
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Jan-2017