J/ApJS/229/28 SFiNCs: X-ray, IR and membership catalogs (Getman+, 2017)
Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs): X-ray and infrared source catalogs
and membership.
Getman K.V., Broos P.S., Kuhn M.A., Feigelson E.D., Richert A.J.W., Ota Y.,
Bate M.R., Garmire G.P.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 229, 28-28 (2017)>
=2017ApJS..229...28G 2017ApJS..229...28G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: X-ray sources ; Photometry, infrared ; YSOs ; H II regions ;
Cross identifications
Keywords: infrared: stars; open clusters and associations: general;
stars: early-type; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence;
X-rays: stars
Abstract:
The Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs) project is aimed at
providing a detailed study of the young stellar populations and of
star cluster formation in the nearby 22 star-forming regions (SFRs)
for comparison with our earlier MYStIX survey of richer, more distant
clusters. As a foundation for the SFiNCs science studies, here,
homogeneous data analyses of the Chandra X-ray and Spitzer
mid-infrared archival SFiNCs data are described, and the resulting
catalogs of over 15300 X-ray and over 1630000 mid-infrared point
sources are presented. On the basis of their X-ray/infrared properties
and spatial distributions, nearly 8500 point sources have been
identified as probable young stellar members of the SFiNCs regions.
Compared to the existing X-ray/mid-infrared publications, the SFiNCs
member list increases the census of YSO members by 6%-200% for
individual SFRs and by 40% for the merged sample of all 22 SFiNCs
SFRs.
Description:
Sixty five X-ray observations for the 22 Star Formation in Nearby
Clouds (SFiNCs) star-forming regions (SFRs) (see tables 1 and 2), made
with the imaging array on the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS),
were pulled from the Chandra archive (spanning 2000 Jan to 2015 Apr;
see table 2).
Our final Chandra-ACIS catalog for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs comprises 15364
X-ray sources (Tables 3 and 4 and section 3.2).
To obtain MIR photometry for X-ray objects and to identify and measure
MIR photometry for additional non-Chandra disky stars that were missed
in previous studies of the SFiNCs regions (typically faint YSOs), we
have reduced the archived Spitzer-IRAC data by homogeneously applying
the MYStIX-based Spitzer-IRAC data reduction methods of Kuhn+ (2013,
J/ApJS/209/29) to the 423 Astronomical Object Request (AORs) data sets
for the 22 SFiNCs SFRs (Table 5).
As in MYStIX, here the SFiNCs IRAC source catalog retains all point
sources with the photometric signal-to-noise ratio >5 in both [3.6]
and [4.5] channels. This catalog covers the 22 SFiNCs SFRs and their
vicinities on the sky and comprises 1638654 IRAC sources with
available photometric measurements for 100%, 100%, 29%, and 23% of
these sources in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um bands, respectively
(see table 6 and section 3.4).
Source position cross correlations between the SFiNCs Chandra X-ray
source catalog and an IR catalog, either the "cut-out" IRAC or 2MASS,
were made using the steps described in section 3.5.
Tables 7 and 8 provide the list of 8492 SFiNCs probable cluster
members (SPCMs) and their main IR and X-ray properties (see section 4).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 99 22 Star Formation in Nearby Clouds (SFiNCs)
star-forming regions
table2.dat 99 65 Log of SFiNCs Chandra-ACIS observations
table3.dat 125 15364 SFiNCs X-ray sources and basic properties
table4.dat 138 15364 SFiNCs X-ray fluxes
table5.dat 136 437 Log of SFiNCs Spitzer-IRAC observations
table6.dat 123 1638654 SFiNCs IRAC sources and photometry
table7.dat 176 8492 SFiNCs probable cluster members: IR photometry
table8.dat 262 8492 SFiNCs probable cluster members: main X-ray and
other properties
refs.dat 69 38 Literature references to the previous Spitzer
and Chandra studies of the region
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See also:
B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)
IX/45 : The Chandra Source Catalog, Release 1.1 (Evans+ 2012)
J/ApJ/833/193 : MYStIX candidate protostars (Romine+, 2016)
J/ApJ/827/52 : Census of YSOs in IC 348 and NGC 1333 (Luhman+, 2016)
J/A+A/593/A7 : NH and AV Towards YSOs in the ONC (Hasenberger+, 2016)
J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)
J/ApJ/802/60 : Structure of young stellar clusters. II. (Kuhn+, 2015)
J/ApJS/213/1 : The MSFRs Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC) (Townsley+, 2014)
J/ApJ/787/107 : Spatial structure of young stellar clusters. I. (Kuhn+, 2014)
J/ApJS/209/32 : Probable young stars in the MYStIX project (Broos+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/31 : The MYStIX IR-Excess Source catalog (MIRES) (Povich+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/29 : MYStIX: Mid-IR observations and catalogs (Kuhn+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/27 : MYStIX: the Chandra X-ray sources (Kuhn+, 2013)
J/A+A/537/A135 : X-ray view of IC348 (Stelzer+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/125 : Spitzer imaging of Cepheus OB3b cluster (Allen+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/101 : Multiwavelength data of IRAS 20050+2720 (Guenther+, 2012)
J/ApJS/194/2 : Chandra Carina Complex Project (CCCP) catalog (Broos+, 2011)
J/AJ/140/266 : NGC 1333 X-ray luminous YSOs properties (Winston+, 2010)
J/ApJ/715/671 : X-ray and IR emission from YSOs (Wolk+, 2010)
J/ApJ/708/1760 : Flux estimations of faint X-ray sources (Getman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/694/425 : A Chandra X-ray observation of L1251B (Simon, 2009)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/383/1241 : UBVIc photometry of cluster Berkeley 59 (Pandey+, 2008)
J/ApJ/669/493 : Spitzer/Chandra YSOs in Serpens cloud core (Winston+, 2007)
J/ApJ/660/1462 : Abundances of ONC X-ray PMS stars (Maggio+, 2007)
J/A+A/472/835 : JHKs and GLIMPSE photometry of RCW 120 (Zavagno+, 2007)
J/A+A/463/275 : Chandra obs. of Serpens star-forming region (Giardino+, 2007)
J/ApJ/638/897 : IR photom. in Trumpler 37 & NGC 7160 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2006)
J/ApJS/163/306 : Chandra study of the Cep B star-forming region (Getman+, 2006)
J/ApJS/160/319 : COUP: observations and source lists (Getman+, 2005)
J/AJ/128/787 : Chandra Orion flanking fields data (Ramirez+, 2004)
J/PASJ/55/635 : Chandra observations of Monoceros R2 (Nakajima+, 2003)
J/ApJ/566/974 : CHANDRA obs. of YSOs in OMC-2 and OMC-3 (Tsujimoto+, 2002)
http://cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/cda/ : Chandra data archive
http://astro.psu.edu/mystix : MYStIX & SFiNCs home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg SFiNCs star forming region name
17- 21 A5 --- OName Other name
23- 24 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
26- 27 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
29- 33 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
35 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
36- 37 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
39- 40 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
42- 45 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
47- 54 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
56- 63 F8.4 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
65- 68 I4 pc Dist [235/1400] Distance from the Sun
70- 78 A9 --- r_Dist Reference for Dist (see refs.dat file)
80- 84 A5 --- OB* Earliest OB star (1)
86- 89 A4 --- RefIR Spitzer reference (see refs.dat file)
91- 99 A9 --- RefX Chandra reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The earliest OB star within the Chandra field from the catalogs of
Skiff (Cat. B/mk) and SIMBAD.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg SFiNCs star forming region name
17- 21 I5 --- ObsID [606/17643] Chandra observation ID
23- 28 I6 --- Seq Chandra sequence number
30- 45 A16 --- Date UT start time of Chandra observation
47- 51 I5 s Exp [1841/97485] Exposure time (1)
53- 54 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000) (2)
56- 57 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
59- 63 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
65 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000) (2)
66- 67 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000) (2)
69- 70 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
72- 75 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
77- 79 I3 deg Roll [7/355] Roll angle of Chandra observation
81- 86 A6 --- Mode Chandra-ACIS observing mode (3)
88- 99 A12 --- PI Principal investigator of a Chandra observation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Exposure time is the net usable time after various filtering steps
are applied in the data reduction process.
Note (2): The aimpoint of a Chandra observation is obtained from the satellite
aspect solution before astrometric correction is applied.
Note (3): The ACIS modes are described in Section 6.12 of Chandra
Proposers' Observatory Guide, http://asc.harvard.edu/proposer/POG/.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
17- 20 I4 --- Seq [1/2196] X-ray catalog sequence number
within Reg; RA sorted
22- 39 A18 --- CXOU CXOU identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
41- 50 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in Right Ascension (J2000)
52- 61 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in Right Ascension (J2000)
63- 65 F3.1 arcsec PosErr [0/3.5] Estimated standard deviation
in position (1)
67- 70 F4.1 arcmin theta [0/21] Off-axis angle
72- 78 F7.1 ct NCts [-13/21921] Total band (0.5-8keV) net counts
80- 84 F5.1 ct e_NCts [1/149]? The 1σ error in NCts (2)
86- 90 F5.1 ct BCts [0/715] Total band background counts
92- 98 F7.1 ct HCts [0/10189] Hard band (2-8keV) net counts
100-103 F4.2 --- PSF [0.3/1] Fraction of PSF (3)
105-109 F5.1 --- SNR [-0.8/146.5] Photometric significance (4)
111 A1 --- l_logPB Limit flag on logPB
112-115 F4.1 [-] logPB [-5/-1.3] Log probability (5)
117-119 A3 --- Anom Source anomalie(s) (6)
121 A1 --- Var [a-c] Variability characterization (7)
123-125 F3.1 keV EMed [0.5/7.7]? Background-corrected total band
median photon energy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Estimated standard deviation of the random component of the position
error, (σx2+σy2)0.5. The single-axis position
errors, σx and σy, are estimated from the single-axis
standard deviations of the PSF inside the extraction region and the
number of counts extracted.
Note (2): Average of the upper and lower 1σ errors.
Note (3): (at 1.497keV) enclosed within the extraction region. A reduced PSF
fraction (significantly below 90%) may indicate that the source
is in a crowded region.
Note (4): Computed as net counts divided by the upper error on net counts.
Note (5): that extracted counts (total band) are solely from background. Some
sources have PB values above the 1% threshold that defines the
catalog because local background estimates can rise during the final
extraction iteration after sources are removed from the catalog.
Note (6): Anomalies as follows:
g = fractional time that source was on a detector
(FRACEXPO from mkarf) is <0.9;
e = source on field edge;
p = X-ray properties may be biased due to photon pile-up;
s = source on readout streak;
a = photometry and spectrum may contain >10% afterglow events.
Note (7): Based on K-S statistic (total band) from the single ObsId showing
the most variability. Variabilitiy flag as follows:
a = no evidence for variability (0.05<PKS);
b = possibly variable (0.005<PKS<0.05);
c = definitely variable (PKS<0.005). No value is reported for sources
with fewer than four counts or for sources in chip gaps or on
field edges.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
17- 20 I4 --- Seq [1/2196] X-ray catalog sequence number
within Reg; RA sorted
22- 39 A18 --- CXOU CXOU identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
41- 47 F7.3 [ct/cm2/s] logPFh [-11/-3]? AE log hard band (2-8keV)
photon flux (1)
49- 54 F6.3 [ct/cm2/s] logPFt [-8/-2]? AE log total band (0.5-8keV)
photon flux (1)
56- 62 F7.3 [mW/m2] logFh [-16/-11]? XPHOT log apparent hard band
flux (2)
64- 68 F5.3 [mW/m2] e_logFh [0.01/2.2]? The 1σ error in logFh
70- 76 F7.3 [mW/m2] logFt [-16/-11]? XPHOT log apparent total band
flux (2)
78- 82 F5.3 [mW/m2] e_logFt [0.007/1.4]? The 1σ error in logFt
84- 88 F5.2 [cm-2] logNH [20/24]? XPHOT log Hydrogen column density (2)
90- 93 F4.2 [cm-2] e_logNH [0.01/1.1]? logNH 1σ statistical error
95- 98 F4.2 [cm-2] s_logNH [0.02/1.2]? logNH 1σ systematic error
100-106 F7.3 [mW/m2] logFhc [-16/-11]? XPHOT log corrected hard band
flux (2)
108-112 F5.3 [mW/m2] e_logFhc [0.01/2.2]? logFhc 1σ statistical error
114-118 F5.3 [mW/m2] s_logFhc [0/2.2]? logFhc 1σ systematic error
120-126 F7.3 [mW/m2] logFtc [-16/-11]? XPHOT log corrected hard band
flux (2)
128-132 F5.3 [mW/m2] e_logFtc [0.007/1.4]? logFtc 1σ statistical error
134-138 F5.3 [mW/m2] s_logFtc [0.001/5.1]? logFtc 1σ systematic error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Produced by AE (Broos et al. 2010ApJ...714.1582B 2010ApJ...714.1582B).
Note (2): Produced by XPHOT (Getman+ 2010, J/ApJ/708/1760). XPHOT
assumes X-ray spectral shapes of young, low-mass stars. Intrinsic
XPHOT quantities will be unreliable for high-mass stellar members of
the SFiNCs SFRs as well as for non-members, such as Galactic field
stars and extragalactic objects.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
16- 26 A11 --- Reg2 Overlapping Star Formation Region identifier
28- 35 I8 --- AOR Spitzer Astronomcail Object Request number
37- 41 I5 --- PID Spitzer program identification number
43- 52 A10 "Y/M/D" st.date UT date of observation start
54- 61 A8 "h:m:s" st.time Time of observation start
63- 72 A10 "Y/M/D" end.date UT date of observation end
74- 81 A8 "h:m:s" end.time Time of observation end
83- 92 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
94-103 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
105-115 A11 --- Mode IRAC mode (2)
117-136 A20 --- PI Principal investigator
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Approximate center of the observation.
Note (2): The PC (Post-Cryo) mode has been introduced during the warm mission
of the Spitzer observatory with only two shortest-wavelength IRAC
modules in operation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
16- 26 A11 --- Reg2 Overlapping Star Formation Region identifier
28- 44 A17 --- IRAC Source identifier (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)
46- 56 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
58- 68 F11.7 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
70- 75 F6.3 mag 3.6mag [4.7/20.4] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band magnitude
77- 81 F5.3 mag e_3.6mag [0.001/0.3] The 1σ uncertainty in 3.6mag
83- 88 F6.3 mag 4.5mag [4.2/20] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitude
90- 94 F5.3 mag e_4.5mag [0.001/0.3] The 1σ uncertainty in 4.5mag
96-101 F6.3 mag 5.8mag [2.3/17.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um band magnitude
103-107 F5.3 mag e_5.8mag [0.001/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 5.8mag
109-114 F6.3 mag 8.0mag [2.4/17.5]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um band magnitude
116-120 F5.3 mag e_8.0mag [0.001/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 8.0mag
122-123 I2 --- Ap [-1/4] Aperture size flag (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): 2, 3, and 4 = 2, 3, and 4-pixel aperture with contaminating
flux <10% of source flux; -1 = 2-pixel aperture with contaminating
flux >10% of source flux.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
17- 34 A18 --- Source Source identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
36- 45 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
47- 56 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
58- 74 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
76- 80 F5.2 mag Jmag [5.3/19]? 2MASS J band magnitude
82- 85 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in Jmag
87- 91 F5.2 mag Hmag [5/18]? 2MASS H band magnitude
93- 96 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.7]? Uncertainty in Hmag
98-102 F5.2 mag Ksmag [3/16.5]? 2MASS Ks band magnitude
104-107 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/9.99]? Uncertainty in Kmag
109-114 A6 --- Flag 2MASS flags (1)
116-132 A17 --- IRAC IRAC source identifier (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)
134-138 F5.2 mag 3.6mag [4.9/19]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band magnitude
140-143 F4.2 mag e_3.6mag [0/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 3.6mag
145-149 F5.2 mag 4.5mag [4/17.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitude
151-154 F4.2 mag e_4.5mag [0/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 4.5mag
156-160 F5.2 mag 5.8mag [2.5/15.7]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um band magnitude
162-165 F4.2 mag e_5.8mag [0/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 5.8mag
167-171 F5.2 mag 8.0mag [2.4/15]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band magnitude
173-176 F4.2 mag e_8.0mag [0.01/0.3]? The 1σ uncertainty in 8.0mag
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Note (1): The first 3 bytes are the JHK photometry quality codes. See
http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/releases/allsky/doc/sec1_6b.html#phqual
for details. The next 3 bytes are the JHK confusion/contamination codes.
See http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/releases/allsky/doc/sec4_7.html
for details.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star Formation Region identifier
17- 34 A18 --- Source Source identifier
(HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
36- 40 A5 --- ACIS ACIS source label
42 A1 --- XFOV [0/1] XFOV flag (1)
44- 50 F7.1 ct NCts [1/21921]? Total band (0.5-8keV) net counts
52- 55 F4.2 keV EMed [0.6/6.7]? Background-corrected total band
median photon energy
57- 61 F5.2 [ct/cm2/s] logPFt [-7.6/-2.9]? AE log total band photon flux
63- 66 F4.1 [cm-2] logNH [20/24]? XPHOT log Hydrogen column density
68- 72 F5.2 [10-7W] logLtc [27.6/32.6]? log total band luminosity
74- 78 F5.2 --- alpha [-5.2/5.5]? Apparent SED slope (2)
80- 83 F4.2 --- e_alpha [0.01/1.2]? Error in alpha
85- 91 A7 --- Class YSO class(es) (3)
93- 96 F4.1 mag Av [0/34.5]? The V band extinction (4)
98-100 F3.1 --- AgeJX [0.1/5]? Stellar age (4)
102-145 A44 --- Note Know OB-type star note (5)
147-262 A116 --- X-IR X-ray-IR source match note (6)
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Note (1): A flag indicating whether the source is located inside (XFOV= 1)
or outside (XFOV=0) the Chandra ACIS-I field of view.
Note (2): Measured in the IRAC wavelength range from 3.6 to 8.0 microns.
Note (3): Class as follows:
NOD = diskless (2532 occurrences);
DSK = disky (5628 occurrences);
PMB = possible member without a disk class (303 occurrences);
FRG = source could be a foreground star or a YSO member of the region
(29 occurrences).
Note (4): Using the methods of Getman et al. (2014ApJ...787..108G 2014ApJ...787..108G).
Note (5): The related information on the OB star' name, spectral type, and
primary catalog of origin.
Note (6): A note indicates that the X-ray-IR source match was rejected by the
tool match xy but was reinstated as a legitimate match upon the
visual inspection. Such cases are often associated with source'
binarity and multiplicity. Related comments are provided.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Ref Reference code
6- 24 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
26- 47 A22 --- Auth First author's name
49- 69 A21 --- Comm VizieR catalog reference
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Jun-2017