J/ApJS/234/8 YSO jets from UWISH2. IV. Cygnus-X outflows (Makin+, 2018)
YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2.
IV. Jets and outflows in Cygnus-X.
Makin S.V., Froebrich D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 234, 8 (2018)>
=2018ApJS..234....8M 2018ApJS..234....8M
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium ; YSOs ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: catalogs; ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation; stars: protostars;
stars: winds, outflows; surveys
Abstract:
We have performed an unbiased search for outflows from young stars in
Cygnus-X using 42deg2 of data from the UKIRT Widefield Infrared
Survey for H2 (UWISH2 Survey), to identify shock-excited near-IR
H2 emission in the 1-0 S(1) 2.122µm line. We uncovered 572
outflows, of which 465 are new discoveries, increasing the number of
known objects by more than 430%. This large and unbiased sample allows
us to statistically determine the typical properties of outflows from
young stars. We found 261 bipolar outflows, and 16% of these are
parsec scale. The typical bipolar outflow is 0.45pc in length and has
gaps of 0.025-0.1pc between large knots. The median luminosity in the
1-0 S(1) line is 10-3L☉. The bipolar flows are typically
asymmetrical, with the two lobes misaligned by 5°, one lobe 30%
shorter than the other, and one lobe twice as bright as the other. Of
the remaining outflows, 152 are single- sided and 159 are groups of
extended, shock-excited H2 emission without identifiable driving
sources. Half of all driving sources have sufficient WISE data to
determine their evolutionary status as either protostars (80%) or
classical T Tauri stars (20%). One-fifth of the driving sources are
variable by more than 0.5mag in the K-band continuum over several
years. Several of the newly identified outflows provide excellent
targets for follow-up studies. We particularly encourage the study of
the outflows and young stars identified in a bright-rimmed cloud near
IRAS 20294+4255, which seems to represent a textbook example of
triggered star formation.
Description:
We utilized data from the UKIRT Widefield Infrared Survey for H2
(UWISH2), specifically the extension toward the Cygnus-X region of the
Galactic plane as described in Froebrich+, 2015, J/MNRAS/454/2586
Cygnus-X was observed between 2013 April 6 and December 11. The survey
used the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) to obtain images in the 1-0 S(1)
narrowband filter at 2.122um (Δλ=0.021um), at the UK
Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) in Hawaii.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 320 572 List of outflows
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See also:
II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/316 : UKIDSS-DR6 Galactic Plane Survey (UGPS) (Lucas+ 2012)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
J/A+A/241/551 : Radio continuum in Cygnus X region (Wendker+ 1991)
J/A+A/392/239 : IR survey of outflows in Orion A (Stanke+, 2002)
J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Per (Hatchell+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/387/954 : H2 imaging of NGC 1333, L1455, L1448 and B1 (Davis+, 2008)
J/A+A/496/153 : Molecular hydrogen flows along Ori A cloud (Davis+, 2009)
J/A+A/511/A24 : MHO Catalogue (Davis+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/404/661 : Young stellar outflows near-IR imaging (Varricatt+ 2010)
J/ApJS/193/25 : The NAN complex. II. MIPS observations (Rebull+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/421/3257 : MHO catalogue for Serpens and Aquila (Ioannidis+, 2012)
J/A+A/551/A43 : AFGL 2591 multi-wavelength maps (Johnston+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/11 : Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)
J/other/ApSS/344.175 : Protoclusters and subclusters (Majaess, 2013)
J/AJ/148/11 : Infrared photometry in Cygnus-X (Kryukova+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/2586 : UWISH2 extended H2 emission line sources (Froebrich+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/191 : IR photom. of YSOs in Cygnus-X DR15 (Rivera-Galvez+, 2015)
http://astro.kent.ac.uk/~df/MHCat/index.html : MHO online catalogue
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- --- [OF]
3- 5 I03 --- OF [001/599] Outflow number
7-131 A125 --- MHO MHO number(s) (1)
133-134 I2 h RAh [20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
136-137 I2 min RAm [13/59] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
139-143 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
145 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of Declination (J2000)
146-147 I2 deg DEd [36/45] Degree of Declination (J2000)
149-150 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
152-155 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
157-163 F7.5 deg Length1 [0.0007/0.07]? Length of outflow lobe 1 (2)
165-171 F7.5 deg Length2 [0.0005/0.09]? Length of outflow lobe 2
173-177 F5.1 deg PA1 [1/356]? Position angle of outflow lobe 1,
degrees from north over east (2)
179-183 F5.1 deg PA2 [174/360]? Position angle of outflow lobe 2,
degrees from north over east (2)
185-189 I5 10-19W/m2 Flux1 [5/72454] Integrated H2 flux of outflow
lobe 1 (or collected knots) at 2.122um (2)
191-195 I5 10-19W/m2 Flux2 [3/79817]? Integrated H2 flux of outflow
lobe 2 at 2.122um (2)
197-197 A1 --- Cl* [YN] Associated with star cluster or group?
199-199 A1 --- S Outflow type (3)
201-230 A30 --- Source Candidate driving source identifier
232-233 I2 % CL [0/95] Confidence level in driving
source candidate
235-240 F6.3 mag JmagUG [10.8/20.7]? NIR J-band UGPS magnitude (4)
242-247 F6.3 mag HmagUG [10.9/20]? NIR H-band UGPS magnitude (4)
249-254 F6.3 mag K1magUG [9.5/18.3]? NIR K-band UGPS magnitude
(epoch 1) (4)
256-261 F6.3 mag K2magUG [9.3/18.2]? NIR K-band UGPS magnitude
(epoch 2) (4)
263-268 F6.3 mag Jmag2M [8/19]? NIR 2MASS J-band magnitude (5)
270-275 F6.3 mag Hmag2M [7/17.7]? NIR 2MASS H-band magnitude (5)
277-282 F6.3 mag Ksmag2M [6/15.2]? NIR 2MASS Ks-band magnitude (5)
284-289 F6.3 mag W1mag [-0.2/17.5]? MIR WISE W1 (3.4um) magnitude (6)
291-296 F6.3 mag W2mag [-0.9/16.5]? MIR WISE W2 (4.6um) magnitude (6)
298-303 F6.3 mag W3mag [-3/12.5]? MIR WISE W3 (12um) magnitude (6)
305-310 F6.3 mag W4mag [-4.2/9.1]? MIR WISE W4 (22um) magnitude (6)
312-320 A9 --- Cat Candidate driving source all sky catalogs (7)
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Note (1): When grouping the knots into outflows, we followed the methods
described in the catalog of MHOs (Davis+ 2010, J/A+A/511/A24), so that each
newly discovered outflow is also given a new MHO number and included in the
MHO catalog (http://astro.kent.ac.uk/~df/MHCat/index.html). Since Cygnus-X
is a well-studied region of the Galactic plane, there are 147 already-known
MHOs falling within our survey area; see section 2.2.2 for further details.
Where more than one MHO number is associated with a single
outflow, refer to the outflow figure set (available in the online
journal) for a more detailed explanation.
Note (2): For bipolar outflows, lobe 1 refers to the lobe of the outflow
pair with the smallest position angle. For single-sided flows or
collections of knots, there are no values for lobe 2.
Note (3): Whether the outflow is as follows:
B = bipolar (both lobes are visible);
S = single-sided (only one lobe is visible);
K = a single knot or collection of knots.
Note (4): JHK magnitudes of the candidate driving source from the UKIDSS
Galactic Plane Survey (UGPS).
Note (5): JHK magnitudes of the candidate driving source from the Two-micron
All-Sky Survey (2MASS).
Note (6): Mid-infrared magnitudes of the candidate driving source from the
Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
Note (7): Indication of the all-sky catalogues in which the candidate
driving source has a detection --
G = UGPS;
2 = 2MASS;
W = WISE;
A = AKARI (mid- and/or far-infrared);
B = BGPS.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ioannidis et al. Paper I. 2012MNRAS.421.3257I 2012MNRAS.421.3257I Cat. J/MNRAS/421/3257
Ioannidis et al. Paper II. 2012MNRAS.425.1380I 2012MNRAS.425.1380I
Froebrich et al. Paper III. 2016MNRAS.462.1444F 2016MNRAS.462.1444F
Makin et al. Paper IV. 2018ApJS..234....8M 2018ApJS..234....8M This Catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 12-Mar-2018