J/ApJS/235/38 Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)
Planetary candidates observed by Kepler.
VIII. a fully automated catalog with measured completeness and reliability
based on Data Release 25.
Thompson S.E., Coughlin J.L., Hoffman K., Mullally F., Christiansen J.L.,
Burke C.J., Bryson S., Batalha N., Haas M.R., Catanzarite J., Rowe J.F.,
Barentsen G., Caldwell D.A., Clarke B.D., Jenkins J.M., Li J., Latham D.W.,
Lissauer J.J., Mathur S., Morris R.L., Seader S.E., Smith J.C., Klaus T.C.,
Twicken J.D., Van Cleve J.E., Wohler B., Akeson R., Ciardi D.R.,
Cochran W.D., Henze C.E., Howell S.B., Huber D., Prsa A., Ramirez S.V.,
Morton T.D., Barclay T., Campbell J.R., Chaplin W.J., Charbonneau D.,
Christensen-Dalsgaard J., Dotson J.L., Doyle L., Dunham E.W., Dupree A.K.,
Ford E.B., Geary J.C., Girouard F.R., Isaacson H., Kjeldsen H.,
Quintana E.V., Ragozzine D., Shabram M., Shporer A., Aguirre V.S.,
Steffen J.H., Still M., Tenenbaum P., Welsh W.F., Wolfgang A.,
Zamudio K.A., Koch D.G., Borucki W.J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 235, 38 (2018)>
=2018ApJS..235...38T 2018ApJS..235...38T
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Stars, diameters;
Effective temperatures
Keywords: catalogs ; planetary systems ; stars: general ; surveys
Abstract:
We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting
exoplanets based on searching 4yr of Kepler time series photometry
(Data Release 25, Q1-Q17: Twicken+, 2016, J/AJ/152/158). The catalog
contains 8054 KOIs, of which 4034 are planet candidates with periods
between 0.25 and 632 days. Of these candidates, 219 are new, including
two in multiplanet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05) and 10
high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates. This
catalog was created using a tool called the Robovetter, which
automatically vets the DR25 threshold crossing events (TCEs). The
Robovetter also vetted simulated data sets and measured how well it
was able to separate TCEs caused by noise from those caused by low
signal-to-noise transits. We discuss the Robovetter and the metrics it
uses to sort TCEs. For orbital periods less than 100 days the
Robovetter completeness (the fraction of simulated transits that are
determined to be planet candidates) across all observed stars is
greater than 85%. For the same period range, the catalog reliability
(the fraction of candidates that are not due to instrumental or
stellar noise) is greater than 98%. However, for low signal-to-noise
candidates between 200 and 500 days around FGK-dwarf stars, the
Robovetter is 76.7% complete and the catalog is 50.5% reliable.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
kic.dat 9 13304 List of KIC stars studied in this paper;
table added by CDS
table1.dat 40 14953 *invTCEs used in the analysis of catalog reliability
table2.dat 40 13782 *scrTCEs used in the analysis of catalog reliability
table6.dat 60 48234 Transit-timing variation (TTV) measurements of KOIs
table7.dat 113 50 Habitable zone terrestrial-sized planet candidates
table8.dat 89 1859 The 1859 Q1-Q17 DR25 threshold crossing events
(TCEs) identified as false positives (FPs) due to
ephemeris matches
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table1.dat and table2.dat: To create the simulated data sets necessary
to measure the vetting completeness and the catalog reliability, we ran the
Kepler Pipeline on light curves that either contained injected transits, were
inverted, or were scrambled. This creates injTCEs, invTCEs, and scrTCEs,
respectively (see Section 2.3).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
J/AcA/54/207 : Ephemerids of eclipsing binaries (Kreiner, 2004)
J/A+A/482/L17 : CoRoT space mission. I. (Barge+, 2008)
J/AJ/135/850 : Properties of EBs found in TrES (Devor+, 2008)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/39 : Analysis of hot Jupiters in Kepler Q2 (Coughlin+, 2012)
J/other/Sci/337.1511 : Kepler-47 transits (Orosz+, 2012)
J/ApJS/199/24 : First three quarters of Kepler mission (Tenenbaum+, 2012)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/119 : Catalog of sources in the Kepler fov (Coughlin+, 2014)
J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting syst (Fabrycky+, 2014)
J/A+A/572/A34 : Pulsating solar-like stars in Kepler (Garcia+, 2014)
J/ApJ/791/35 : 715 Kepler planet candidate host stars (Law+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/20 : Small Kepler planets radial velocities (Marcy+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOIs (Burke+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets cand. orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/18 : Potential transit signals in Kepler Q1-Q17 (Seader+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/46 : Transit metric for Q1-Q17 Kepler cand. (Thompson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/828/99 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies. III. (Christiansen+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary cand. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. EBs in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive proba. for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/ApJ/829/34 : Kepler heartbeat star radial velocities (Shporer+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search DR25 (Twicken+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up obs. program. I. Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)
J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/66 : Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Cand. Survey III. (Ziegler+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: kic.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- KIC [757099/100001645] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[12].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- KIC [757099/100001645] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
10 A1 --- --- [-]
11- 12 I02 --- Pl [1/10] Planet number (G1)
14- 23 F10.6 d Per [0.5/720.4] Period
25- 37 F13.6 --- MES [7.1/543319] Multiple Event Statistic (1)
39- 40 A2 --- Disp Dispositioned KOI: "PC"= Planet candidate; or
"FP"= False positive
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): A statistic that measures the combined significance of all of the
observed transits in the detrended, whitened light curve assuming a
linear ephemeris, (Jenkins 2002ApJ...575..493J 2002ApJ...575..493J)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [KOI-]
5- 11 F7.2 --- KOI [6.01/8151.01] Kepler Object of interest (KOI)
planet number
13- 16 I4 --- Transit [1/4015] Transit number
18- 29 F12.7 d tn [53.57/1523.97] Transit time,
Barycentric Julian Date; (BJD-2454900.0)
31- 40 F10.7 d TTVn [-1.8/4.2] Observed - calculated (O-C) transit
time
42- 50 F9.7 d e_TTVn [8.4e-05/0.6] 1σ uncertainty in TTVn
52- 60 I9 --- KIC [1161345/12643589] Kepler Input Catalog ID;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [172.02/8174.01] Kepler object of interest
planet identifier
9- 9 A1 --- f_KOI Flag on KOI (1)
11- 19 I9 --- KIC [2973386/12885212] Kepler input catalog ID
21- 27 A7 --- --- [Kepler-]
28- 33 A6 --- Kepler Kepler planet identifier
35- 43 F9.5 d Per [8.6/395.2] Period of the planet
45- 48 F4.2 Rgeo Rp [0.4/2.3] Planet radius
50- 53 F4.2 Rgeo E_Rp [0/0.5] Upper uncertainty in Rp
55- 58 F4.2 Rgeo e_Rp [0/0.4] Lower uncertainty in Rp
60- 63 F4.2 Earth Sp [0.2/3.1] Planet insolation flux;
in units of the Earth's insolation flux
65- 68 F4.2 Earth E_Sp [0/2.3] Upper uncertainty in Sp
70- 73 F4.2 Earth e_Sp [0/1.7] Lower uncertainty in Sp
75- 78 I4 K Tstar [2703/6086] Stellar effective temperature
80- 82 I3 K E_Tstar [0/219] Upper uncertainty in Tstar
84- 86 I3 K e_Tstar [0/219] Lower uncertainty in Tstar
88- 91 F4.2 Rsun Rstar [0.1/1.3] Stellar radius
93- 96 F4.2 Rsun E_Rstar [0/0.3] Upper uncertainty in Rstar
98-101 F4.2 Rsun e_Rstar [0/0.2] Lower uncertainty in Rstar
103-107 F5.2 --- MES [7.2/78] Multiple Event Statistic (2)
109-113 F5.3 --- Score [0/1] Disposition score (1=best confidence that
TCE is a planet candidate; see section 3.2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): KOI flags as follows:
a = Confirmed planet properties from NASA Exoplanet Archive on
May 31, 2017 place object within HZ;
b = Confirmed planet properties from NASA Exoplanet Archive on
May 31, 2017 place object exterior to the HZ;
c = Confirmed planet with vetting score less than 0.5;
d = Confirmed planet dispositioned as False Positive in DR25;
e = The erratum to Mathur+ (2017, J/ApJS/229/30) (i.e., 2018ApJS..234...43M 2018ApJS..234...43M)
reduces planet size, now placing the object in the eta-Earth sample.
Note (2): A statistic that measures the combined significance of all of the
observed transits in the detrended, whitened light curve assuming a
linear ephemeris, (Jenkins 2002ApJ...575..493J 2002ApJ...575..493J).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- KIC [1433962/12644774] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
10 A1 --- --- [-]
11- 12 I02 --- Pl [1/7] Planet number (G1)
14- 29 A16 --- Parent Most likely parent (1)
31- 34 A4 --- Prat Period ratio between child and parent
36- 42 F7.1 arcsec Sep [2/41462] Distance between the child and parent
44- 47 I4 pix DRow [-833/942] Row offset between the child and parent
49- 52 I4 pix DCol [-509/509] Column offset between child and parent
54- 58 F5.2 mag Kpmag [5.7/19.4]? Kepler magnitude of the parent
60- 64 F5.2 mag Dmag [-7.3/10.3]? Magnitude difference between the
child and parent
66- 75 E10.4 --- Drat [0.02/623300] Depth ratio of the child and parent
77- 87 A11 --- Mech Mechanism of contamination
89- 89 I1 --- Flag [0/3] Flag (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): A suffix of "pri" in the parent name indicates that the object is an
eclipsing binary known from the ground, and the child TCE matches to its
primary. Similarly, a suffix of "sec" indicates that the child TCE matches
the secondary of a ground-based EB. Parent names are listed, in priority
order when available, by (1) their Bayer designation (e.g., RR-Lyr-pri),
(2) their EBWG (Eclipsing Binary Working Group; Kirk+ 2016, J/AJ/151/68)
designation (e.g., 002449084-pri), (3) their KOI number (e.g., 3924.01),
and (4) their TCE number (e.g., 001724968-01).
Note (2): Flags as follows:
1 = The TCE is a bastard, which are cases where two or more TCEs match
each other, but neither can physically be the parent of the other
via their magnitudes, depths, and distances, and thus the true
parent has not been identified;
2 = Indicates cases of column anomalies that occur on different outputs
of the same module. These cases likely involve cross-talk to carry
the signal from one output to another;
3 = Both flags 1 and 2 are set.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global note:
Note (G1): The threshold crossing event (TCE) number is the
KIC number followed by the planet number: e.g., 001724968-01.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Borucki et al. Paper I. 2011ApJ...728..117B 2011ApJ...728..117B Cat. J/ApJ/728/117
Borucki et al. Paper II. 2011ApJ...736...19B 2011ApJ...736...19B Cat. J/ApJ/736/19
Batalha et al. Paper III. 2013ApJS..204...24B 2013ApJS..204...24B Cat. J/ApJS/204/24
Burke et al. Paper IV. 2014ApJS..210...19B 2014ApJS..210...19B Cat. J/ApJS/210/19
Rowe et al. Paper V. 2015ApJS..217...16R 2015ApJS..217...16R Cat. J/ApJS/217/16
Mullally et al. Paper VI. 2015ApJS..217...31M 2015ApJS..217...31M Cat. J/ApJS/217/31
Coughlin et al. Paper VII. 2016ApJS..224...12C 2016ApJS..224...12C Cat. J/ApJS/224/12
Thompson et al. Paper VIII. 2018ApJS..235...38T 2018ApJS..235...38T This catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 24-Aug-2018