J/ApJS/235/6 Updated Multiple Star Catalog (MSC): Dec 2023 (Tokovinin, 2018)
The updated Multiple Star Catalog.
Tokovinin A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 235, 6 (2018)>
=2018ApJS..235....6T 2018ApJS..235....6T
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Stars, masses; Spectral types;
Photometry, infrared; Optical; Proper motions; Radial velocities;
Parallaxes, trigonometric; Positional data
Keywords: binaries: close ; binaries: general ; binaries: visual ; Catalog
Abstract:
The catalog of hierarchical stellar systems with three or more
components is an update of the original 1997 version (Tokovinin,
1997-1999, J/A+AS/124/75). For 2000 hierarchies, the new Multiple Star
Catalog (MSC) provides distances, component masses and periods, and
supplementary information (astrometry, photometry, identifiers,
orbits, notes). The MSC content and format are explained, and its
incompleteness and strong observational selection are stressed.
Nevertheless, the MSC can be used for statistical studies and is a
valuable source for planning observations of multiple stars. Rare
classes of stellar hierarchies found in the MSC (with six or seven
components, extremely eccentric orbits, planar and possibly resonant
orbits, hosting planets) are briefly presented. High-order hierarchies
have smaller velocity dispersion compared to triples and are often
associated with moving groups. The paper concludes with an analysis of
the ratio of periods and separations between inner and outer
subsystems. In wide hierarchies, the ratio of semimajor axes,
estimated statistically, is distributed between 3 and 300, with no
evidence of dynamically unstable systems.
Description:
This catalogue is an updated version (December 2023) downloaded at:
http://www.ctio.noirlab.edu/~atokovin/stars/newmsc-20240101.tar.gz
Data on 5719 stellar systems of multiplicity 3 to 7 are given. These
systems are physical and, with little exception, hierarchical. For
grades 4 (N=2669) and 5 (N=2241), orbital periods are known or
estimated, while for 809 systems of grade 3 some periods remain
unknown. Additionally, 760 systems of grades 1 and 2 (refuted or
unconfirmed hierarchies) are given for reference. A hierarchical
system consists of several "elementary binaries". For each binary, the
orbital period and separation are given, as well as components'
magnitudes, spectral types, and estimated masses. Orbital elements are
also given when available.
The present version of the catalogue is the latest update of the
original 1997 publication (Tokovinin, 1997-1999, J/A+AS/124/75) and
its continuation in 2018ApJS..235....6T 2018ApJS..235....6T (this catalog).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 195 12484 Components table (table 1; comp)
systems.dat 134 14639 Systems table (table 2; sys)
orbits.dat 138 4608 Orbit table (table 4; orb)
notes.dat 111 8858 Notes table; updated by the author
(table 5; notes)
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See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)
B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+AS/124/75 : Multiple star catalogue (MSC) (Tokovinin 1997-1999)
J/A+A/384/1030 : Orientation of orbits in triple stars (Sterzik+, 2002)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic bin. (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/389/925 : Triple and quadruple stars (Tokovinin, 2008)
J/MNRAS/405/1930 : Period changes of EA-, EB- & EW-types binaries (Liao+, 2010)
J/AJ/140/1657 : PHASES diff. astrometry data. V. (Muterspaugh+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/743 : Speckle interferometry in 2008-09 (Tokovinin+, 2010)
J/A+A/544/L3 : The double eclipsing binary CzeV343 photom. (Cagas+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborhood. XXVIII. Companions (Dieterich+, 2012)
J/A+A/542/A78 : BVRI light curves and RV curves of 65 UMa (Zasche+, 2012)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/559/A17 : Barycentric RVs of Gl 586A (Strassmeier+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/437/1216 : VAST Survey. A-type stars multiplicity (De Rosa+, 2014)
J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting syst. (Fabrycky+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/62 : Spectroscopy of HD 5980 (Koenigsberger+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/15 : SMaSH+: observations and companion detection (Sana+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples. I. FG-67 (Tokovinin, 2014)
J/AJ/149/195 : The quadruple system HD 91962 spectrosc. (Tokovinin+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/455/4136 : Kepler triples (Borkovits+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/456/2070 : Eccentricity distribution of wide bin. (Tokovinin+, 2016)
J/ApJ/844/103 : Orbit alignment in triple stars (Tokovinin, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/54 : Accurate astrom. & RVs of 4 mult. syst. (Tokovinin+, 2017)
http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/stars/ : Multiple Star Catalog (MSC) home
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catalog.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID WDS code (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000) (G1)
12- 21 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
23- 32 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
36- 41 F6.2 mas plx [-1.4/742.1] Parallax
43- 46 A4 --- r_plx Reference code for plx (1)
48- 54 F7.1 mas/yr pmRA [-3776/4165] Proper motion in RA
56- 62 F7.1 mas/yr pmDE [-3422/3250] Proper motion in Dec
64- 69 F6.1 km/s RV [-291/1129]? Radial velocity
72 A1 --- m_ID Component label
74- 80 F7.1 arcsec Sep [0.1/31619]?=0 Separation from main component
82- 89 A8 --- SpT MK spectral type
91- 96 I6 --- HIP [25/120005]?=0 Hipparcos number
98-103 I6 --- HD [9/358806]?=0 HD number
105-109 F5.2 mag Bmag [0.1/22]?=0 B-band magnitude
111-115 F5.2 mag Vmag [-0.01/25]?=0 V-band magnitude
117-121 F5.2 mag Imag [-1.1/19]?=0 IC-band magnitude
123-127 F5.2 mag Jmag [-2.3/18.3]?=0 J-band magnitude
129-133 F5.2 mag Hmag [-3.3/18.2]?=0 H-band magnitude
135-139 F5.2 mag Kmag [-3.6/18.8]?=0 K-band magnitude
142 I1 --- Nc [0/8] Number of components
144 I1 --- Gr [0/5] Grade (2)
146-195 A50 --- OID Other identifiers
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
HIP = trigonometric Hipparcos (I/239) (156+34+3 occurrences)
Gaia = Gaia DR1 (I/337) parallax (15 occurrences)
DR2 = Gaia DR2 (I/345) parallax (1168 occurrences)
DR3 = Gaia DR3 (I/355) or eDR3 (I/350) parallax (9825 occurrences)
DR3N = Gaia DR3+NSS parallax (673 occurrences)
ptm = photometric parallax estimate (36 occurrences)
dyn = dynamical from visual orbit (131 occurrences)
orb = orbital for visual/SB2 orbit (14 occurrences)
bib = taken from literature (70 occurrences)
guess = crude guess (25 occurrences)
Note (2): Grades have the following meaning:
0 = no grade or secondary component;
1 = not a triple system;
2 = uncertain triple or very wide (period >2Myr);
3 = some undefined period or poorly known distance;
4 = at least triple, all periods defined;
5 = At least one orbit, distance known within 10%.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: systems.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID WDS code (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000) (G1)
12- 14 A3 --- Prim Primary component label
16- 18 A3 --- Sec Secondary component label
20- 22 A3 --- Parent Parent label (1)
24- 31 A8 --- Type Observing technique/status (2)
33- 42 F10.4 --- Per [0.005/15194]?=0 Orbital period
44 A1 --- x_Per Unit of Per (3)
46- 53 F8.3 --- Sep [0.001/8925]?=0 Separation or semimajor axis
55 A1 --- x_Sep Units of Sep
57- 61 F5.1 deg PA [0/888]?=-1 Position angle
63- 67 F5.2 mag Vmag1 [-0.01/24.4] V-magnitude of the primary
69- 73 A5 --- SpT1 Spectral type of the primary
75- 79 F5.2 mag Vmag2 [0.7/25.6]?=0 V-magnitude of the secondary
81- 85 A5 --- SpT2 Spectral type of the secondary
87- 92 F6.2 Msun Mass1 [0.02/140.6]?=0 Mass of the primary
94 A1 --- f_Mass1 Mass estimation code for primary (4)
97-101 F5.2 Msun Mass2 [0.01/63]?=0 Mass of the secondary
103 A1 --- f_Mass2 Mass estimation code for secondary (4)
105-134 A30 --- Comm Comment (may include OID and bibcodes)
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Note (1): The "Parent" points to a component identifier in a higher-level
system to which the current system belongs and thus codes the
hierarchy by reference. Two special symbols are used:
* = root (system at the hiest hierarchical level);
t = "Trapezium"-type, non-hierarchical.
Note (2): Discovery/observing status codes, comma-separated:
c = wide, possibly C.P.M. system;
C = C.P.M. system (sep.>3");
The following small letters give the criteria used to establish CPM:
h = hypothetical parallax,
r = radial velocities,
p = photometric distances or common parallax,
m = common proper motion;
v = close visual or interferometric system (sep.<3");
V = visual system with computed orbit;
a = astrometric system (perturbed motion suspected);
A = astrometric orbit for invisible companion is computed;
s = possibly spectroscopic system (var. RV or composite sp.);
S1,S2 = spectroscopic system with computed orbit, single- or double-lined;
o = occultation binary;
E = eclipsing binary with known period;
E* = eclipse time variation;
e = eclipsing binary, period not known;
X = optical (qualifiers h,r,m c indicate why optical).
Note (3): Unit as follows:
d = days;
y = years;
k = kiloyears;
M = Megayears.
Note (4): Code as follows:
r = given in the original publication
v = estimated from absolute magnitude
a = estimated from spectral type or B-V color index from Allen's tables
s = sum of masses for the sub-system(s)
q = estimated from primary mass and mass ratio of SB2
m = minimum secondary mass for SB1
k = estimated from absolute K or H magnitude
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: orbits.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID WDS code (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000) (G1)
12- 19 A8 --- Syst Primary,Secondary
22- 32 F11.4 --- Per [0/830370]?=-1 Period
34- 43 F10.4 --- T [-499/88500]?=0 Periastron epoch; Besselian year
or JD-2400000
46- 50 F5.3 --- e [0.001/8.1]?=0 Eccentricity
52- 59 F8.4 arcsec a [0.0001/205.1]?=0 Semimajor axis
61- 66 F6.2 deg Node [-3.7/360]?=0 Position angle of ascending node
68- 73 F6.2 deg LongP [-90/445]?=0 Longitude of periastron
75- 80 F6.2 deg Incl [2.4/922]?=0 Inclination
82- 87 F6.2 km/s K1 [0.01/335]?=0 Primary semi-amplitude
89- 94 F6.2 km/s K2 [-25.2/435]?=0 Secondary semi-amplitude
97-103 F7.2 km/s V0 [-291/664]?=0 Center of mass velocity
105 A1 --- Flag Component to which the node refers
107 A1 --- x_Per [dy] Units of period (days or years)
109-138 A30 -- Note Note; may include bibcode
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID WDS code (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000) (G1)
12- 91 A80 --- Note Text of the note
93-111 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of reference
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Global note:
Note (G1): This "WDS index" is sometimes different from the index given in
the Washington Double Stars Catalog (B/wds).
The systems are in Simbad;
see "PMSC" in the Dictionary of Nomenclature
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History:
* From http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/stars/newmsc.tgz
-- May 2018 release
* notes.dat and systems.dat tables have been updated by the author
-- October 2018.
* 01-Aug-2019: Updated version from the author with 10% more entries and
some information added or revised
* 08-Sep-2021: Updated version sent by the author with 1298
additional systems
* 08-Jan-2024: Last updated version sent by the author
Acknowledgements:
Andrei Tokovinin <andrei.tokovinin {at} noirlab.edu>
References:
Tokovinin A.A. The MSC. 1997A&AS..124...75T 1997A&AS..124...75T Cat. J/A+AS/124/75
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 17-Aug-2018