J/ApJS/240/33 MaDCoWS. I. Catalog of z∼1 galaxy clusters (Gonzalez+, 2019)
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey.
I. Survey overview and a catalog of >2000 galaxy clusters at z∼1.
Gonzalez A.H., Gettings D.P., Brodwin M., Eisenhardt P.R.M., Stanford S.A.,
Wylezalek D., Decker B., Marrone D.P., Moravec E., O'Donnell C., Stalder B.,
Stern D., Abdulla Z., Brown G., Carlstrom J., Chambers K.C., Hayden B.,
Lin Y.-T., Magnier E., Masci F.J., Mantz A.B., McDonald M., Mo W.,
Perlmutter S., Wright E.L., Zeimann G.R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 240, 33 (2019)>
=2019ApJS..240...33G 2019ApJS..240...33G
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Redshifts; Photometry, infrared;
Spectra, optical; Surveys
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: general ; galaxies: distances and redshifts ;
galaxies: evolution ; surveys
Abstract:
We present the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS),
a search for galaxy clusters at 0.7≤z≤1.5 based upon data from the
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. MaDCoWS is the
first cluster survey capable of discovering massive clusters at these
redshifts over the full extragalactic sky. The search is divided into
two regions-the region of the extragalactic sky covered by Pan-STARRS
(δ>-30°) and the remainder of the southern extragalactic
sky at δ<-30° for which shallower optical data from the
SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey is available. In this paper, we describe the
search algorithm, characterize the sample, and present the first
MaDCoWS data release-catalogs of the 2433 highest amplitude detections
in the WISE-Pan-STARRS region and the 250 highest amplitude detections
in the WISE-SuperCOSMOS region. A total of 1723 of the detections from
the WISE-Pan-STARRS sample have also been observed with the Spitzer
Space Telescope, providing photometric redshifts and richnesses, and
an additional 64 detections within the WISE-SuperCOSMOS region also
have photometric redshifts and richnesses. Spectroscopic redshifts for
38 MaDCoWS clusters with IRAC photometry demonstrate that the
photometric redshifts have an uncertainty of σz/(1+z)∼0.036.
Combining the richness measurements with Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
observations of MaDCoWS clusters, we also present a preliminary
mass-richness relation that can be used to infer the approximate mass
distribution of the full sample. The estimated median mass for the
WISE-Pan-STARRS catalog is M500=1.6-0.8+0.7x1014M☉, with
the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich data confirming that we detect clusters with
masses up to M500∼5x1014M☉ (M200∼1015M☉).
Description:
Our cluster search uses the WISE project data products created and
distributed by NASA/IPAC, available at the Infrared Science Archive.
The current search is based upon the updated AllWISE Data Release from
2013 November 13 (Cutri+, 2013, II/328).
In addition to the WISE photometry, we also use data from ground-based
optical surveys to reject foreground galaxies. We used the SDSS-DR8
(II/306 ; superseded by V/139). The SDSS data set has now been
superseded by the Pan-STARRS 3π survey (Chambers+ 2016, II/349),
which extends to δ=-30°. At more southern declinations, we
have also investigated use of the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey (Hambly+
2001MNRAS.326.1295H 2001MNRAS.326.1295H).
Our team was awarded Spitzer time during Cycles 9, 11, and 12 to
obtain [3.6] and [4.5] imaging for 1959 cluster candidates (PI:
Gonzalez, PIDs 90177 and 11080), enabling photometric redshift and
richness estimates.
We were awarded time with the Combined Array for Research in
Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) between 2012 and 2014 (PIDs c0884,
c1128, c1197, c1272, c1303) to observe a selection of the richest
cluster candidates at 31GHz. We were also awarded time in 2014
September (PID c1272) to target ∼150 cluster candidates with very
short exposures to identify very massive clusters.
We have previously reported spectroscopic redshifts for MaDCoWS
clusters in Gettings+ (2012ApJ...759L..23G 2012ApJ...759L..23G), Stanford+ (2014,
J/ApJS/213/25), Brodwin+ (2015ApJ...806...26B 2015ApJ...806...26B), Gonzalez+
(2015ApJ...812L..40G 2015ApJ...812L..40G), and Decker+ (2019, ApJ in press). In this
paper, we provide spectroscopic confirmation for one additional
cluster, MOO J1229+6521, which also appears in the Planck cluster
catalog as PSZ2 G126.57+5161 (Planck+ 2016, J/A+A/594/A27). The
cluster was observed on UT 2017 Mar 28 with OSIRIS on the Gran
Telescopio Canarias (GTC) during 0.6" seeing.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 167 2433 Top 2433 candidate clusters in
the WISE(MaDCoWS)-Pan-STARRS region
table4.dat 81 250 Candidate clusters in the WISE-SuperCOSMOS region
with Spitzer imaging
table5.dat 126 156 Additional clusters from the preliminary
WISE-SDSS search
table6.dat 61 1716 Quantities derived using Spitzer coordinates
for Pan-STARRS clusters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/301/881 : The ROSAT brightest cluster sample - I. (Ebeling+, 1998)
J/ApJS/137/117 : Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey (LCDCS) (Gonzales+, 2001)
J/ApJ/660/239 : MaxBCG cat. of galaxy clusters from SDSS (Koester+, 2007)
J/ApJ/684/905 : Galaxy clusters from IRAC Shallow Survey (Eisenhardt+, 2008)
J/ApJ/701/428 : The Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey (SDWFS) (Ashby+, 2009)
J/ApJS/188/280 : Spectroscopic catalog in 24 clusters (Stern+, 2010)
J/A+A/535/A65 : Galaxy clusters in the 4 CFHTLS Wide fields (Durret+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/423/1024 : XCS-DR1 Cluster Catalogue (Mehrtens+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/178 : The augmented maxBCG cluster catalog (Rykoff+, 2012)
J/ApJ/763/127 : Galaxy clusters in the SPT survey (Reichardt+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/79 : Spitzer obs. of radio-loud AGNs (CARLA) (Wylezalek+, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A5 : XDCP J0044.0-2033 J and Ks images (Fassbender+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/ApJS/213/25 : WISE MaDCoWS. II. (Stanford+, 2014)
J/ApJS/216/27 : Galaxy clusters in the SPT-SZ survey (Bleem+, 2015)
J/ApJ/825/72 : Study of galaxies & AGNs in z>1 clusters (Alberts+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A158 : Rich galaxy clusters richness-based masses (Andreon, 2016)
J/A+A/594/A27 : Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources (PSZ2) (Planck+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/248 : 44 SZ-selected galaxy clusters ACT obs. (Sifon+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Cluster name
16- 17 I2 h RAh [0/23] Hour of right ascension (J2000)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
22- 25 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
27- 27 A1 --- DE- Sign of the declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
37- 40 F4.2 --- Peak [0.5/1] Peak height (1)
42- 45 F4.1 --- SNR [8/16.1] Signal-to-Noise for each detection
47- 50 F4.2 --- Photz [0.7/1.8]? Primary photometric redshift
52- 55 F4.2 --- E_Photz [0/0.3]? Upper uncertainty in Photz
57- 60 F4.2 --- e_Photz [0/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in Photz
62- 65 F4.2 --- Photz2 [0.9/1.8]? Secondary photometric redshift
67- 70 F4.2 --- E_Photz2 [0/0.4]? Upper uncertainty in Photz2
72- 75 F4.2 --- e_Photz2 [0/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in Photz2
77- 82 F6.4 --- Specz [0.8/1.5]? Spectroscopic redshift
84- 85 I2 --- o_Specz [3/21]? Number of confirmed cluster members
87- 88 I2 --- Rich [0/87]? Richness for primary photometric
redshift
90- 90 I1 --- e_Rich [3/9]? Uncertainty in Rich
92- 93 I2 --- Rich2 [12/45]? Richness for secondary photometric
redshift
95- 95 I1 --- e_Rich2 [3/6]? Uncertainty in Rich2
97-100 F4.1 10+14Msun M500 [1.5/11.2]? M500, enclosed mass
102-104 F3.1 10+14Msun E_M500 [0.3/2.8]? Upper uncertainty in M500
106-108 F3.1 10+14Msun e_M500 [0.3/2.8]? Lower uncertainty in M500
110-117 A8 --- Spitzer Origin of Spitzer IRAC data,
Cycle 9 or 11 or archival
119 A1 --- f_Name Flag on source (G1)
121-160 A40 --- OName Literature names
162-167 A6 --- Ref Reference(s) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The detection peak height is normalized such that the highest
significance detection has a value of 1.
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Postman et al. (1996AJ....111..615P 1996AJ....111..615P);
2 = Olsen et al. (1999A&A...345..363O 1999A&A...345..363O);
3 = Gonzalez et al. (2001,J/ApJS/137/117);
4 = Andreon et al. (2005MNRAS.359.1250A 2005MNRAS.359.1250A);
5 = Hilton et al. (2007ApJ...670.1000H 2007ApJ...670.1000H);
6 = Pacaud et al. (2007MNRAS.382.1289P 2007MNRAS.382.1289P);
7 = Andreon et al. (2008MNRAS.385..979A 2008MNRAS.385..979A);
8 = Muzzin et al. (2009ApJ...698.1934M 2009ApJ...698.1934M);
9 = Stern et al. (2010, J/ApJS/188/280);
10 = Durret et al. (2011, J/A+A/535/A65);
11 = Fassbender et al. (2011NJPh...13l5014F 2011NJPh...13l5014F);
12 = Gettings et al. (2012ApJ...759L..23G 2012ApJ...759L..23G);
13 = Mehrtens et al. (2012, J/MNRAS/423/1024);
14 = Brodwin et al. (2015ApJ...806...26B 2015ApJ...806...26B);
15 = Ford et al. (2014MNRAS.439.3755F 2014MNRAS.439.3755F ; 2015MNRAS.447.1304F 2015MNRAS.447.1304F);
16 = Stanford et al. (2014, J/ApJS/213/25);
17 = Gonzalez et al. (2015ApJ...812L..40G 2015ApJ...812L..40G);
18 = Sifon et al. (2016, J/MNRAS/461/248);
19 = Hilton et al. (2018ApJS..235...20H 2018ApJS..235...20H);
20 = Wen & Hu (2018MNRAS.481.4158W 2018MNRAS.481.4158W);
21 = Decker et al. (submitted, ApJ).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Cluster name (1)
16- 17 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
22- 25 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
27- 27 A1 --- DE- Sign of the declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
37- 40 F4.2 --- Peak [0.6/1] Peak height (2)
42- 45 F4.1 --- SNR [8/13.6] Signal-to-Noise
47- 50 F4.2 --- Photz [0.8/1.5]? Primary photometric redshift (3)
52- 55 F4.2 --- E_Photz [0.02/0.2]? Upper Uncertainty in Photz
57- 60 F4.2 --- e_Photz [0.03/0.2]? Lower Uncertainty in Photz
62- 63 I2 --- Rich [6/55]? Richness for primary photometric
redshift (3)
65- 65 I1 --- e_Rich [4/8]? Uncertainty in Rich
67- 69 F3.1 10+14Msun M500 [4.2]? M500, enclosed mass
71- 73 F3.1 10+14Msun E_M500 [7.7]? Upper uncertainty in M500
75- 77 F3.1 10+14Msun e_M500 [7.7]? Lower uncertainty in M500
79- 79 A1 --- f_Name Flag on source (G1)
81- 81 A1 --- Ref Reference (1=Bleem+ 2015, J/ApJS/216/27)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The Spitzer column from Table 3 is omitted because all listed
clusters have imaging from our Cycle 11-12 program, and the
spectroscopic redshift column is omitted due to a lack of spectroscopic
confirmation for this sample.
Note (2): The detection peak height the peak height is normalized relative
to the most significant peak in the SuperCOSMOS region. It is not
directly comparable to the Pan-STARRS peak height column in Table 3.
Note (3): All quoted richnesses and photometric redshifts use DES for the
optical photometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Cluster name (1)
16- 17 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
22- 25 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
27- 27 A1 --- DE- Sign of the declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
37- 40 F4.2 --- Photz [0.7/1.7]? Primary photometric redshift
42- 45 F4.2 --- E_Photz [0.02/0.3]? Upper uncertainty in Photz
47- 50 F4.2 --- e_Photz [0.03/0.2]? Lower uncertainty in Photz
52- 55 F4.2 --- Photz2 [1.2/1.8]? Secondary photometric redshift
57- 60 F4.2 --- E_Photz2 [0/0.07]? Upper uncertainty in Photz2
62- 65 F4.2 --- e_Photz2 [0.07/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in Photz2
67- 71 F5.3 --- Specz [0.7/1.3]? Spectroscopic redshift
73- 74 I2 --- o_Specz [6/23]? Number of confirmed cluster members
76- 77 I2 --- Rich [4/70]? Richness for primary photometric
redshift
79- 79 I1 --- e_Rich [4/9]? Uncertainty in rich
81- 82 I2 --- Rich2 [14/25]? Richness for primary secondary
redshift
84- 84 I1 --- e_Rich2 [4/6]? Uncertainty in Rich2
86- 88 F3.1 10+14Msun M500 [2.9/3]? M500, enclosed mass
90- 92 F3.1 10+14Msun E_M500 [0.4/0.8]? Upper uncertainty in M500
94- 96 F3.1 10+14Msun e_M500 [0.5/0.7]? Lower uncertainty in M500
98 A1 --- f_Name f= there is a foreground cluster
along the line of sight
100-122 A23 --- OName Literature names
124-126 A3 --- Ref Reference(s) (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): This table lists clusters from the preliminary WISE-SDSS search
that are not contained in Table 3 but for which we have obtained
spectroscopic redshifts, SZ masses, or Cycle 9 Spitzer imaging. Some of
these clusters were lost due to more conservative masking in the
Pan-STARRS search, while others lie below the peak height threshold for
Table 3. For consistency within the table, we omit the peak height and
SNR columns from the previous table. We also omit the column indicating
the source of the Spitzer observations, since all clusters were observed
in Cycle 9.
Note (3): References as follows:
1 = Brodwin et al. (2015ApJ...806...26B 2015ApJ...806...26B);
2 = Ford et al. (2014MNRAS.439.3755F 2014MNRAS.439.3755F; 2015MNRAS.447.1304F 2015MNRAS.447.1304F);
3 = Stanford et al. (2014, J/ApJS/213/25);
4 = Decker et al. (submitted, ApJ);
5 = Wen & Hu (2018MNRAS.481.4158W 2018MNRAS.481.4158W).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Cluster name as in Table 3
16- 17 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
22- 26 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
28- 28 A1 --- DE- Sign of the declination (J2000) (1)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000) (1)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
35- 38 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
40- 41 I2 arcsec Sep [0/59] Separation between WISE and
Spitzer coordinates
43- 46 F4.2 --- Photz [0.7/1.8]? Primary photometric redshift (2)
48- 51 F4.2 --- E_Photz [0/0.3]? Upper uncertainty in Photz
53- 56 F4.2 --- e_Photz [0.02/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in Photz
58- 59 I2 --- Rich [0/87]? Richness for primary photometric
redshift
61- 61 I1 --- e_Rich [3/9]? Uncertainty in rich
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): This table presents alternate cluster positions derived from the
Spitzer rather than WISE imaging. The photometric redshifts and
richnesses are derived using the same method as elsewhere in the paper,
but using these Spitzer-based coordinates.
Note (2): We only quote photometric redshifts and richnesses in cases where
a Spitzer peak is identified within 45" of the WISE location.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes
Note (G1):
f = presence of a foreground structure at z<0.6 along the line of sight.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Gettings et al. 2012ApJ...759L..23G 2012ApJ...759L..23G
Stanford et al. Paper II. 2014ApJS..213...25S 2014ApJS..213...25S Cat. J/ApJS/213/25
Brodwin et al. Paper III. 2015ApJ...806...26B 2015ApJ...806...26B
Gonzalez et al. 2015ApJ...812L..40G 2015ApJ...812L..40G
Gonzalez et al. Paper IV. 2018ApJ...869..131M 2018ApJ...869..131M
MORAVEC et al. Paper V. 2019ApJ...871..186M 2019ApJ...871..186M
Gonzalez et al. Paper I. 2019ApJS..240...33G 2019ApJS..240...33G This catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 22-May-2019