J/ApJS/241/29 Flare catalog through LC data of Kepler DR25 (Yang+, 2019)
The flare catalog and the flare activity in the Kepler mission.
Yang H., Liu J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 241, 29 (2019)>
=2019ApJS..241...29Y 2019ApJS..241...29Y
ADC_Keywords: Stars, flare; Optical
Keywords: stars: activity ; stars: evolution ; stars: flare ; stars: rotation ;
stars: statistics
Abstract:
We present a flare catalog of the Kepler mission using the
long-cadence data of Data Release 25. This catalog comprises 3420
flare stars and 162262 flare events. A comparison shows that the flare
catalogs of previous studies are seriously polluted by various
false-positive signals and artifacts. The incidence of flare stars
rises with decreasing temperature, which accords with the theoretical
analysis. The flare frequency distributions (FFDs) from F-type stars
to M-type stars obey a power-law relation with α∼2, indicating
that they have the same mechanism on generating flares. The remarkable
incidence and the deviation of FFDs on A-type flare stars imply that
they generate flares in a different way. The activity-rotation
relation is consistent with previous studies at low temperature bands,
whereas it becomes dispersive with increasing temperature. Combined
with the Gyrochronology, we find that the mixing of stars of two
different dynamos gives rise to the dispersion. We thereby propose a
scenario on understanding the activity-rotation relation across the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Based on the scenario and the
correspondence of dynamo with regard to activity and rotation, we
suggest a new expression on the activity-rotation relation, in which
the segmentation is on the basis of the dynamo rather than the
rotation period. The rotation distribution of flare stars shows that
about 70% of flare stars rotate faster than 10 days and the rate
approaches 95% at 30 days. Based on the incidence and the rotation
distribution of flare stars, we estimate that a superflare with energy
∼1034erg occurs on the Sun at least once in 5500yr.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 52 3420 Parameters of flaring stars --
from erratum published in 2020, ApJS, 250, 25
table2.dat 41 162262 Parameters of flares
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See also:
V/76 : Chromospherically Active Binaries (Strassmeier+ 1993)
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)
J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)
J/AJ/128/426 : Subdwarfs in the SDSS (West+, 2004)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/50 : White-light flares from Kepler (Walkowicz+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rotation periods & X-ray lum. (Wright+, 2011)
J/other/Nat/485.478 : Superflares on solar-type stars (Maehara+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/4 : HST monitoring of flaring stars in Gal. bulge (Osten+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/431/2240 : Activity in A-type stars from Kepler (Balona, 2013)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/15 : M dwarf flare spectra (Kowalski+, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A4 : Rotation periods of active Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/5 : Superflares of Kepler stars. I. (Shibayama+, 2013)
J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & Hyades (Douglas+, 2014)
J/A+A/572/A34 : Pulsating solar-like stars in Kepler (Garcia+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/447/2714 : Flare stars across the H-R diagram (Balona+, 2015)
J/ApJS/220/19 : LAMOST obs. in the Kepler field. I. (De Cat+, 2015)
J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)
J/ApJ/829/23 : Stellar flares from Q0-Q17 Kepler LCs (Davenport, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/37 : White-light flares on close bin. from Kepler (Gao+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
J/ApJ/835/25 : Calibrated solar S-index time series (Egeland+, 2017)
J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)
J/ApJ/851/91 : Solar white-light flares (Namekata+, 2017)
J/ApJS/232/26 : Catalog of Kepler flare stars (Van Doorsselaere+, 2017)
J/ApJ/849/36 : Flaring activity of M dwarfs in Kepler field (Yang+, 2017)
J/ApJ/859/87 : Kepler long- & short-cadence flare parameters (Yang+, 2018)
J/A+A/622/A133 : M45, M44 and M67 flare stars (Ilin+, 2019)
http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler : MAST Kepler archive
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 I9 --- KIC [892376/12835232] Kepler Input Catalog
identifier
11- 13 I3 --- Nf [1/491] Number of flares
15- 19 I5 K Teff [2500/11287] Effective temperature
21- 24 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [2.2/5.4] log surface gravity
26- 33 E8.2 --- Lum [1.57e-8/0.011] Flare to bolometric
luminosity ratio
35- 39 F5.2 d Prot [-1/61.3] Rotational period (1)
41- 49 A9 --- r_Prot Reference code for Prot (2)
51- 52 A2 --- NS Neighboring star code (p=neighboring star
--152 occurrences--; np=no neighboring star)
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Note (1): A total of 291 stars do not show apparent modulations of lightcurves
caused by starspots; Prot value is set to -1 for those stars.
Note (2): Reference code as follows:
MC2014 = McQuillan et al. (2014, J/ApJS/211/24);
This_Work = This work (calculated by Lomb-Scargle algorithm);
Rein2013 = Reinhold et al. (2013, J/A+A/560/A4).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 I9 --- KIC [892376/12835232] Kepler Input Catalog
identifier
11- 13 A3 --- Q Kepler observation quarter (Q1 to Q17) (1)
15- 23 F9.4 d Begin [131.63/1590.84] Flare beginning time
25- 33 F9.4 d End [131.67/1590.88] Flare ending time
35- 41 F7.4 [10-7J] logE [29.3/38.6] log flare energy in ergs
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Note (1): The start date for the Kepler quarters are:
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Quarter Start Date
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1 2009 May 13
2 2009 Jun 18
3 2009 Sep 18
4 2009 Dec 19
5 2010 Mar 19
6 2010 Jun 23
7 2010 Sep 23
8 2010 Dec 22
9 2011 Mar 24
10 2011 Jun 27
11 2011 Sep 29
12 2012 Jan 05
13 2012 Mar 29
14 2012 Jun 28
15 2012 Oct 04
16 2013 Jan 12
17 2013 Apr 09
-----------------------
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 22-Nov-2019